Theodore S. Rappaport – författare

The Definitive, Comprehensive Guide to Cutting-Edge Millimeter Wave Wireless Design

“This is a great book on mmWave systems that covers many aspects of the technology targeted for beginners all the way to the advanced users. The authors are some of the most credible scholars I know of who are well respected by the industry. I highly recommend studying this book in detail.”—Ali Sadri, Ph.D., Sr. Director, Intel Corporation, MCG mmWave Standards and Advanced Technologies

Millimeter wave (mmWave) is today’s breakthrough frontier for emerging wireless mobile cellular networks, wireless local area networks, personal area networks, and vehicular communications. In the near future, mmWave applications, devices, and networks will change our world.

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In Millimeter Wave Wireless Communications, four of the field’s pioneers, including Theodore S. Rappaport, Robert W. Heath, Robert C. Daniels, and James N. Murdock, draw on their vast experience to empower engineers at all levels to succeed with mmWave. They deliver fundamental, end-to-end coverage of all aspects of future mmWave wireless communications systems.

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The authors explain new multi-Gigabit per second products and applications, mmWave signal propagation, analog and digital circuit design, mmWave antenna designs, and current and emerging wireless standards. They cover comprehensive mmWave wireless design issues for 60 GHz and other mmWave bands, from channel to antenna to receiver, introducing emerging design techniques that will be invaluable for research engineers in both industry and academia.

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Topics include

Digital communication: baseband signal/channel models, modulation, equalization, error control coding, multiple input multiple output (MIMO) principles, and hardware architectures Radio wave propagation characteristics: indoor and outdoor channel models and beam combining Antennas/antenna arrays, including on-chip and in-package antennas, fabrication, and packaging Analog circuit design: mmWave transistors, fabrication, and transceiver design approaches Baseband circuit design: multi–gigabit-per-second, high-fidelity DAC and ADC converters Physical layer: algorithmic choices, design considerations, and impairment solutions; and how to overcome clipping, quantization, and nonlinearity Higher-layer design: beam adaptation protocols, relaying, multimedia transmission, and multiband considerations 60 GHz standardization: IEEE 802.15.3c for WPAN, Wireless HD, ECMA-387, IEEE 802.11ad, Wireless Gigabit Alliance (WiGig)

The Definitive, Comprehensive Guide to Cutting-Edge Millimeter Wave Wireless Design

“This is a great book on mmWave systems that covers many aspects of the technology targeted for beginners all the way to the advanced users. The authors are some of the most credible scholars I know of who are well respected by the industry. I highly recommend studying this book in detail.”—Ali Sadri, Ph.D., Sr. Director, Intel Corporation, MCG mmWave Standards and Advanced Technologies

Millimeter wave (mmWave) is today''s breakthrough frontier for emerging wireless mobile cellular networks, wireless local area networks, personal area networks, and vehicular communications. In the near future, mmWave applications, devices, and networks will change our world.

In Millimeter Wave Wireless Communications, four of the field''s pioneers, including Theodore S. Rappaport, Robert W. Heath, Robert C. Daniels, and James N. Murdock, draw on their vast experience to empower engineers at all levels to succeed with mmWave. They deliver fundamental, end-to-end coverage of all aspects of future mmWave wireless communications systems.

The authors explain new multi-Gigabit per second products and applications, mmWave signal propagation, analog and digital circuit design, mmWave antenna designs, and current and emerging wireless standards. They cover comprehensive mmWave wireless design issues for 60 GHz and other mmWave bands, from channel to antenna to receiver, introducing emerging design techniques that will be invaluable for research engineers in both industry and academia.

Topics include

Digital communication: baseband signal/channel models, modulation, equalization, error control coding, multiple input multiple output (MIMO) principles, and hardware architectures Radio wave propagation characteristics: indoor and outdoor channel models and beam combining Antennas/antenna arrays, including on-chip and in-package antennas, fabrication, and packaging Analog circuit design: mmWave transistors, fabrication, and transceiver design approaches Baseband circuit design: multi–gigabit-per-second, high-fidelity DAC and ADC converters Physical layer: algorithmic choices, design considerations, and impairment solutions; and how to overcome clipping, quantization, and nonlinearity Higher-layer design: beam adaptation protocols, relaying, multimedia transmission, and multiband considerations 60 GHz standardization: IEEE 802.15.3c for WPAN, Wireless HD, ECMA-387, IEEE 802.11ad, Wireless Gigabit Alliance (WiGig)

th The papers appearing in this book were originally presented at the 9 Virginia Tech/MPRG Symposium on Wireless Personal Communications. The Symposium on Wireless Communications, which is an annual event for Virginia Tech, was held on June 2-4, 1999. The 1999 symposium was co-sponsored by MPRG, the Division of Continuing Education, University International Programs, and the MPRG Industrial Affiliate Sponsors. Much of the success of our annual symposium, as well as the success of MPRG''s research program, is due to the support of our industrial affiliates. Their support allows us to serve the wireless community through research, education and outreach programs. At the time of the 1999 symposium, the MPRG affiliates program included the following organizations: Army Research Office, AT&T Corporation, Bellsouth Cellular Corporation, Comcast Cellular Communications, Inc. , Datum, Inc. , Ericsson, Inc. , Grayson Wireless, Hewlett-Packard Company, Honeywell, Inc. , Hughes Electronics Corporation, ITT Industries, Lucent Technologies, Motorola, National Semiconductor, Nokia, Nortel Networks, Qualcomm, Inc. , Radix Technologies, Inc. , Salient 3 Communications, Samsung Advanced Institute of Technology, Southwestern Bell, Tantivy Communications, Tektronix, Inc. , Telcordia Technologies, Texas Instruments, TRW, Inc. , and the Watkins-Johnson Company As can be seen from the Table of Contents, the papers included in this book are divided into six sections. The first five of these correspond to symposium sessions, and cover the following topics: Propagation and Channel Modeling (4 papers), Antennas (6 papers), Multiuser Detection (3 papers), Radio Systems and Technology (4 papers), and Wireless Data (3 papers).

th The paperspresented in this book wereoriginally presented att he 10 Virginia Tech/MPRG Symposium on Wireless Personal Communications, whichw as held ont heVirginia Tech campus June 14 16,2000. Thisyear's Symposium was sponsored byVirginia Tech's M obile and Portable Radio Research Group (MPRG), the Virginia Tech D ivision ofC ontin uing Education, andthe MPRG Industrial Affiliates Program. TheIE EE Virginia Mountain Section and the Virginia Tech Joint Student Chapter ofthe IEEE Communications andVehicular Technology Societies provided technical co sponsorship. Much oft he success ofo ur annual symposium,a s well as the success of MPRG's research and educationprogram, are directlydue to the support of our industrial affiliates. The support that is provided byt he industrial affiliates program allows MPRG to serve thew irelesscommunity through research, education, andoutreach activities. MP RG's industria l affiliates include the following organizations: AnalogD evices, Inc. , AnarenMicrowave, Inc. , theA rmyResearch Office, AT&T Corporation, BAE Systems, BellSouth Cel lular Corporation, Comcast Cellular Communications, Inc. , Da tum, Inc. , Ericsson, Inc., Grayson Wireless, Hughes Electronics Corporation, ITTIndustries, LGIC, Inc. , Lucent Technologies, Inc. , Motorola, Inc. , Nokia, Inc. , Nortel Networks, Qualcomm, Inc. , Raytheon Systems Company, Samsung Advanced Institute of Technology, Southwestern Bell, Tantivy Communications, Inc. , Tektronix, Inc. , Telcordia Technologies, Texas Instruments, andWavtrace, Inc. In 1999,t he Wireless Symposiumwas expanded to include atutorial course. This activity proved populara nd was continued in 2000.

This work presents a range of topics in wireless communications, including perspectives from both industry and academia. The book serves as a reflection of emerging technologies in wireless communications and features papers from well-known authors on the subject. It is divided into six sections. The first five of these cover the following topics: propagation and channel modelling (4 papers); antennas (6 papers); multiuser detection (3 papers); radio systems and technology (4 papers); and wireless data (3 papers). The last section contains papers on areas of significant interest. The text should be useful as a reference source for graduate students, postgraduate researchers, academics and anyone working in the research aspect of the wireless communications industry.

This text presents a broad range of topics in wireless communications, including perspectives from both industry and academia. The book serves as a reflection of late-1990s research thrusts in wireless communications, an area which continues to grow as the industry strives to provide a wider range of services with greater reliability and at lower cost. The book is organized into four sections. Section I focuses on propagation and smart antennas with emphasis on measurements, modelling and simulation. Section 2 is devoted to the subject of Code Division Multiple Access (CDMA) systems with coverage of bit error rate calculations, interference cancellation, frequency estimators and acquisition schemes. Section 3 covers networking and multiple-access issues such as mobility tracking, Markov analysis of random access protocols, and the design and development of a prototype system to access Low Earth Orbiting (LEO) satellites.Section 4 presents software radio technologies, including wideband software-definable base station technology, space-borne processing technology for mobile communications systems, filter design, universal cordless telephone transceivers using DSP, a method for predicting nonlinearities for an RF power amplifier, MAP symbol detection of CPM bursts, and unification of MLSE receivers. The volume should serve as a useful reference source and may be used as a text for advanced courses on the subject.

th Thepapers appearing in this book were originally presented at the 8 Virginia Tech/MPRG Symposium on Wireless Personal Communications. This symposium, whichi s an annual event for Virginia Tech and MPRG, was held June 10 12, 1998 ont he Virginia Tech campus in Blacksburg, Virginia. The symposium brings together l eaders from industry and academia to discuss the exciting future of wireless and current research trends. The symposium has been an important part of MPRG's activities since the inception ofthe group in 1990. As can be seen fromt heT able of Contents, the papers included in this book are divided into six sections. The first five of these correspond to s ymposium sessions and aredevoted to the following topics: Smart Antennas and Diversity, Propagation, InterferenceCancellation, Equalization, and Modulation, Coding and Networking. These session titles reflectcurrent research thrusts as the wireless community strives to enhance the capabilities of wirelesscommunications. This year an added feature oft he symposium was the inclusion of externally contributed poster papers. Ten ofthese poster papers are included in thisb ooka sthe sixth section.The first group of contributions, c onsisting of five papers, relateto smart antennas and diversity. The first paper, Effects of Directional Antennas with Realizable Beam Patterns on the Spaced Time Correlation, byT . B. Welch,M. J.

In this work, the state of the art and future vision of wireless communications is presented in the form of a number of new services. Wireless presonal communications is clearly a different service than today's cellular radio or cordless telephone, but there is an evolutionary connection between the three services. "Wireless Personal Communications" addresses questions about what features of personal communication services (PCS) will be met by existing or enhanced digital cellular radio technology. The regulatory and standards aspects of wireless communications are currently in a crucial stage of their formulation. A section of the book is devoted to the opinions of representatives from regulatory agencies and standards organizations on the future of this critical area. Designed to serve as a reference source, the book may also be used as a textbook for advanced courses on wireless communications, cellular radio, or digital mobile radio.

"Well informed people know it is impossible to transmit the voice over wires, and that were it possible to do so, the thing would be ofno practical value. " from an editorial in the Boston Post -1865 Fortunately for the telecommunications industry, the unknown author of the above statement turned out to be very mistaken indeed. Even as he spoke, Alexander Graham Bell was achieving the impossible, with a host of competing inventors close behind. The communications revolution which ensued has changed the way in which we live and work, and the way in which we view the world around us. Wired telephone lines now encircle the globe, allowing instantaneous transmission of voice and data. Events from Times Square to Red Square are now as accessible as events on the local courthouse lawn. The advent of wireless communications has extended Bell's revolution to another domain. Personal communications promises voice, data and images which are accessible everywhere. Although predictions are dangerous, a look back over the last decade reveals spectacular growth. In the United States alone, there are now over 50 million cordless phones in use throughout the country -at least one cordless phone for every 3 households - and nearly 20 million pocket pagers. U. S. Cellular telephone service, launched commercially in 1984, has experienced 30-40% annual growth rates despite a sluggish economy.

Technology advances and new frequency allocations for personal communication services (PCS) are creating numerous business and technical opportunities. An important requirement for exploiting opportunities is the ability to track the dramatic changes in wireless technology, which is a principal focus of this book. It places particular emphasis on the areas of signal processing, propagation and spread spectrum, and emerging communication systems. It also contains new results on adaptive antennas for capacity improvements in wireless communication systems, as well as state-of-the-art information on recent technical developments. Also included are several chapters which discuss the impact of defence conversion on the wireless industry, and related competitive issues.The first part of the book contains several tutorial chapters on key areas in wireless communications; the second focuses on digital signal processing and spread spectrum, two means of creating interference and multipath robust communications; the third concerns propagation aspects of wireless communications; the fourth discusses the performance of emerging wireless systems; and the fifth describes the opportunities and pitfalls of defence conversion from the perspective of several US defence firms that have successfully made the transition to commercial wireless.

Wireless personal communications, or wireless as it is now being called, has arrived. The hype is starting to fade, and the hard work of deploying new systems and services for personal communications is underway. In the United States, the FCC propelled the wireless era from infancy to mainstream with a $7.7 billion auction of 60 MHz of radio spectrum in the 180011900 MHz band. With the largest single sale of public property in the history of mankind mostly complete, the resources of the entire world are being called upon to develop inexpensive, rapidly deployable wireless systems and sub­ scriber units for an industry that is adding subscribers at greater than 50% annual rate. This growth is commonplace for wireless service companies throughout the world, and in the U.S., where as many as 7 licensed wireless service providers may be competing for cellularfPCS customers within the next couple of years, differentiators in cost, qual­ ity, service, and coverage will become critical to customer acceptance and use. Many of these issues are discussed in the papers included in this book.

The wireless industry is growing at a phenomenal rate. Cellular subscribers are increasing at a rate of 45% per year, the market for wireless local loop service is growing at a rate of 42%, and the wireless local area network market is growing at a rate of 61 %. This growth and potential for future growth has motivated companies to commit $20 billion in obtaining 90 MHz of PCS spectrum during the recent FCC auctions in the United States. Obviously spectrum is a costly, but critical, resource. Efficient utilization of this resource is essential for profitable wireless service. To meet this challenge, researchers in wireless communications are tenaciously developing more spectrally efficient modulation techniques, planning tools for efficient communication system layout, and digital signal processing techniques for more robust communications. The papers and lectures presented in this book were originally given at the Sixth Annual Virginia Tech Symposium on Wireless Personal Communications and cover a broad range of topics in wireless communications. The majority of the papers are relevant to creating higher capacity (spectrally efficient) systems with greater coverage. Topics include adaptive antenna array measurements and algorithm comparisons, Cellular Digital Packet Data deployment guidelines, speech coding techniques, wireless system design methodology, and propagation measurements in hostile or previously unexplored channels.

This book offers comprehensive, practical guidance on RF propagation channel characterization at mmWave and sub-terahertz frequencies, with an overview of both measurement systems and current and future channel models. It introduces the key concepts required for performing accurate mmWave channel measurements, including channel sounder architectures, calibration methods, channel sounder performance metrics and their relationship to propagation channel characteristics. With a comprehensive introduction to mmWave channel models, the book allows readers to carefully review and select the most appropriate channel model for their application. The book provides fundamental system theory accessible in a step by step way with clear examples throughout. With inter- and multidisciplinary perspectives, the reader will observe the tight interaction between measurements and modeling for these frequency bands and how different disciplines interact. This is an excellent reference for researchers, including graduate students, working on mmWave and sub-THz wireless communications, and for engineers developing communication systems.

This book offers comprehensive, practical guidance on RF propagation channel characterization at mmWave and sub-terahertz frequencies, with an overview of both measurement systems and current and future channel models. It introduces the key concepts required for performing accurate mmWave channel measurements, including channel sounder architectures, calibration methods, channel sounder performance metrics and their relationship to propagation channel characteristics. With a comprehensive introduction to mmWave channel models, the book allows readers to carefully review and select the most appropriate channel model for their application. The book provides fundamental system theory accessible in a step by step way with clear examples throughout. With inter- and multidisciplinary perspectives, the reader will observe the tight interaction between measurements and modeling for these frequency bands and how different disciplines interact. This is an excellent reference for researchers, including graduate students, working on mmWave and sub-THz wireless communications, and for engineers developing communication systems.

Now reissued by Cambridge University Press, the updated second edition of this definitive textbook provides an unrivaled introduction to the theoretical and practical fundamentals of wireless communications. Key technical concepts are developed from first principles, and demonstrated to students using over 50 carefully curated worked examples. Over 200 end-of-chapter problems, based on real-world industry scenarios, help cement student understanding. The book provides a thorough coverage of foundational wireless technologies, including wireless local area networks (WLAN), 3G systems, and Bluetooth along with refreshed summaries of recent cellular standards leading to 4G and 5G, insights into the new areas of mobile satellite communications and fixed wireless access, and extra homework problems. Supported online by a solutions manual and lecture slides for instructors, this is the ideal foundation for senior undergraduate and graduate courses in wireless communications.

The area of personal and wireless communications is a burgeoning field. Technology advances and new frequency allocations for personal communication services (PCS) are creating numerous business and technical opportunities. It is becoming clear that an essential requirement for exploiting opportunities is the ability to track the dramatic changes in wireless technology, which is a principal aim of this book. Wireless Personal Communications: Research Developments places particular emphasis on the areas of signal processing, propagation and spread-spectrum, and emerging communication systems. This book contains new results on adaptive antennas for capacity improvements in wireless communication systems, as well as state-of-the-art information on the latest technical developments. Also included are several chapters which discuss the impact of defense conversion on the wireless industry, and related competitive issues. The six parts of the book each focus on a distinct issue in wireless communications. Part I contains several tutorial chapters on key areas in wireless communications. The first chapter is on radio wave propagation for emerging wireless personal communication systems. Chapter two contains a comprehensive study of emerging DSP-based interference rejection techniques for single channel (antenna) systems. Chapter three deals with spread spectrum wireless communications, explaining the concept of spread spectrum, modeling techniques for spread spectrum, and current applications and research issues for spread spectrum systems. Part II focuses on digital signal processing and spread spectrum, two means of creating interference and multipath robust communications. Part III concerns propagation aspects of wireless communications. Part IV discusses the performance of emerging wireless systems. Part V describes the opportunities and pitfalls of defense conversion from the perspective of several U.S. defense firmsthat have successfully made the transition to commercial wireless. The final section discusses a number of competitive issues regarding personal communication services.

Wireless personal communications, or wireless as it is now being called, has arrived. The hype is starting to fade, and the hard work of deploying new systems and services for personal communications is underway. In the United States, the FCC propelled the wireless era from infancy to mainstream with a $7.7 billion auction of 60 MHz of radio spectrum in the 180011900 MHz band. With the largest single sale of public property in the history of mankind mostly complete, the resources of the entire world are being called upon to develop inexpensive, rapidly deployable wireless systems and sub­ scriber units for an industry that is adding subscribers at greater than 50% annual rate. This growth is commonplace for wireless service companies throughout the world, and in the U.S., where as many as 7 licensed wireless service providers may be competing for cellularfPCS customers within the next couple of years, differentiators in cost, qual­ ity, service, and coverage will become critical to customer acceptance and use. Many of these issues are discussed in the papers included in this book.

Wireless personal communications, or wireless as it is now being called, has arrived. The hype is starting to fade, and the hard work of deploying new systems and services for personal communications is underway. In the United States, the FCC propelled the wireless era from infancy to mainstream with a $7.7 billion auction of 60 MHz of radio spectrum in the 180011900 MHz band. With the largest single sale of public property in the history of mankind mostly complete, the resources of the entire world are being called upon to develop inexpensive, rapidly deployable wireless systems and sub­ scriber units for an industry that is adding subscribers at greater than 50% annual rate. This growth is commonplace for wireless service companies throughout the world, and in the U.S., where as many as 7 licensed wireless service providers may be competing for cellularfPCS customers within the next couple of years, differentiators in cost, qual­ ity, service, and coverage will become critical to customer acceptance and use. Many of these issues are discussed in the papers included in this book.

"Well informed people know it is impossible to transmit the voice over wires, and that were it possible to do so, the thing would be ofno practical value. " from an editorial in the Boston Post -1865 Fortunately for the telecommunications industry, the unknown author of the above statement turned out to be very mistaken indeed. Even as he spoke, Alexander Graham Bell was achieving the impossible, with a host of competing inventors close behind. The communications revolution which ensued has changed the way in which we live and work, and the way in which we view the world around us. Wired telephone lines now encircle the globe, allowing instantaneous transmission of voice and data. Events from Times Square to Red Square are now as accessible as events on the local courthouse lawn. The advent of wireless communications has extended Bell's revolution to another domain. Personal communications promises voice, data and images which are accessible everywhere. Although predictions are dangerous, a look back over the last decade reveals spectacular growth. In the United States alone, there are now over 50 million cordless phones in use throughout the country -at least one cordless phone for every 3 households - and nearly 20 million pocket pagers. U. S. Cellular telephone service, launched commercially in 1984, has experienced 30-40% annual growth rates despite a sluggish economy.

In this book, the state-of-the-art and future vision of wireless communications is presented in the form of a number of new services. Wireless personal communications is clearly a different service than today's cellular radio or cordless telephone, but there is an evolutionary connection between the three services. This book addresses questions about what features of personal communication services (PCS) will be met by existing or enhanced digital cellular radio technology. The regulatory and standards aspects of wireless communications are currently in a crucial stage of their formulation. A section of the book is devoted to the opinions of representatives from regulatory agencies and standards organizations on the future of this critical area. One of the most intriguing questions about the future of wireless communications has to do with the choice of multiple access technique. The trade offs between time division multiple access (TDMA) and code division multiple access (CDMA) have been the topic of many a heated discussion amongst members of the wireless community. This book presents a thorough discussion of a number of the topics which are instrumental in making a fair comparison of TDMA and CDMA; these topics include: analytical performance evaluation techniques, capacity studies, equalization requirements, and shared spectrum comparisons. Many of the technologies associated with wireless personal communications are reaching the design stages. This book presents a number of alternatives for designs of both base stations and user terminals. Some of the key questions of equalization, control channel requirements, multi-path diversity and channel allocation strategies have been addressed. Invariably, system designs and performance are tied to the characteristics of the radio channel. This book introduces several novel techniques for predicting propagation and system performance in a variety of indoor and outdoor environments. These techniques include analytical as well as computer simulation algorithms for predicting signal strenghts and other channel parameters based on the local topographical features. This book serves as an excellent reference source and may be used as a text for advanced courses on wireless communications, cellular radio, or digital mobile radio.

Wireless personal communications, or wireless as it is now being called, has arrived. The hype is starting to fade, and the hard work of deploying new systems and services for personal communications is underway. In the United States, the FCC propelled the wireless era from infancy to mainstream with a $7.7 billion auction of 60 MHz of radio spectrum in the 180011900 MHz band. With the largest single sale of public property in the history of mankind mostly complete, the resources of the entire world are being called upon to develop inexpensive, rapidly deployable wireless systems and sub­ scriber units for an industry that is adding s\lbscribers at greater than 50% annual rate. This growth is commonplace for wireless service companies throughout the world, and in the U.S., where as many as 7 licensed wireless service providers may be competing for cellularlPCS customers within the next couple of years, differentiators in cost, qual­ ity, service, and coverage will become critical to customer acceptance and use. Many of these issues are discussed in the papers included in this book.

The wireless industry is growing at a phenomenal rate. Cellular subscribers are increasing at a rate of 45% per year, the market for wireless local loop service is growing at a rate of 42%, and the wireless local area network market is growing at a rate of 61 %. This growth and potential for future growth has motivated companies to commit $20 billion in obtaining 90 MHz of PCS spectrum during the recent FCC auctions in the United States. Obviously spectrum is a costly, but critical, resource. Efficient utilization of this resource is essential for profitable wireless service. To meet this challenge, researchers in wireless communications are tenaciously developing more spectrally efficient modulation techniques, planning tools for efficient communication system layout, and digital signal processing techniques for more robust communications. The papers and lectures presented in this book were originally given at the Sixth Annual Virginia Tech Symposium on Wireless Personal Communications and cover a broad range of topics in wireless communications. The majority of the papers are relevant to creating higher capacity (spectrally efficient) systems with greater coverage. Topics include adaptive antenna array measurements and algorithm comparisons, Cellular Digital Packet Data deployment guidelines, speech coding techniques, wireless system design methodology, and propagation measurements in hostile or previously unexplored channels.

"Well informed people know it is impossible to transmit the voice over wires, and that were it possible to do so, the thing would be ofno practical value. " from an editorial in the Boston Post -1865 Fortunately for the telecommunications industry, the unknown author of the above statement turned out to be very mistaken indeed. Even as he spoke, Alexander Graham Bell was achieving the impossible, with a host of competing inventors close behind. The communications revolution which ensued has changed the way in which we live and work, and the way in which we view the world around us. Wired telephone lines now encircle the globe, allowing instantaneous transmission of voice and data. Events from Times Square to Red Square are now as accessible as events on the local courthouse lawn. The advent of wireless communications has extended Bell''s revolution to another domain. Personal communications promises voice, data and images which are accessible everywhere. Although predictions are dangerous, a look back over the last decade reveals spectacular growth. In the United States alone, there are now over 50 million cordless phones in use throughout the country -at least one cordless phone for every 3 households - and nearly 20 million pocket pagers. U. S. Cellular telephone service, launched commercially in 1984, has experienced 30-40% annual growth rates despite a sluggish economy.

In this book, the state-of-the-art and future vision of wireless communications is presented in the form of a number of new services. Wireless personal communications is clearly a different service than today''s cellular radio or cordless telephone, but there is an evolutionary connection between the three services. This book addresses questions about what features of personal communication services (PCS) will be met by existing or enhanced digital cellular radio technology. The regulatory and standards aspects of wireless communications are currently in a crucial stage of their formulation. A section of the book is devoted to the opinions of representatives from regulatory agencies and standards organizations on the future of this critical area. One of the most intriguing questions about the future of wireless communications has to do with the choice of multiple access technique. The trade offs between time division multiple access (TDMA) and code division multiple access (CDMA) have been the topic of many a heated discussion amongst members of the wireless community. This book presents a thorough discussion of a number of the topics which are instrumental in making a fair comparison of TDMA and CDMA; these topics include: analytical performance evaluation techniques, capacity studies, equalization requirements, and shared spectrum comparisons. Many of the technologies associated with wireless personal communications are reaching the design stages. This book presents a number of alternatives for designs of both base stations and user terminals. Some of the key questions of equalization, control channel requirements, multi-path diversity and channel allocation strategies have been addressed. Invariably, system designs and performance are tied to the characteristics of the radio channel. This book introduces several novel techniques for predicting propagation and system performance in a variety of indoor and outdoor environments. These techniques include analytical as well as computer simulation algorithms for predicting signal strenghts and other channel parameters based on the local topographical features. This book serves as an excellent reference source and may be used as a text for advanced courses on wireless communications, cellular radio, or digital mobile radio.

Wireless personal communications, or wireless as it is now being called, has arrived. The hype is starting to fade, and the hard work of deploying new systems and services for personal communications is underway. In the United States, the FCC propelled the wireless era from infancy to mainstream with a $7.7 billion auction of 60 MHz of radio spectrum in the 180011900 MHz band. With the largest single sale of public property in the history of mankind mostly complete, the resources of the entire world are being called upon to develop inexpensive, rapidly deployable wireless systems and sub­ scriber units for an industry that is adding s\lbscribers at greater than 50% annual rate. This growth is commonplace for wireless service companies throughout the world, and in the U.S., where as many as 7 licensed wireless service providers may be competing for cellularlPCS customers within the next couple of years, differentiators in cost, qual­ ity, service, and coverage will become critical to customer acceptance and use. Many of these issues are discussed in the papers included in this book.

The wireless industry is growing at a phenomenal rate. Cellular subscribers are increasing at a rate of 45% per year, the market for wireless local loop service is growing at a rate of 42%, and the wireless local area network market is growing at a rate of 61 %. This growth and potential for future growth has motivated companies to commit $20 billion in obtaining 90 MHz of PCS spectrum during the recent FCC auctions in the United States. Obviously spectrum is a costly, but critical, resource. Efficient utilization of this resource is essential for profitable wireless service. To meet this challenge, researchers in wireless communications are tenaciously developing more spectrally efficient modulation techniques, planning tools for efficient communication system layout, and digital signal processing techniques for more robust communications. The papers and lectures presented in this book were originally given at the Sixth Annual Virginia Tech Symposium on Wireless Personal Communications and cover a broad range of topics in wireless communications. The majority of the papers are relevant to creating higher capacity (spectrally efficient) systems with greater coverage. Topics include adaptive antenna array measurements and algorithm comparisons, Cellular Digital Packet Data deployment guidelines, speech coding techniques, wireless system design methodology, and propagation measurements in hostile or previously unexplored channels.