Thomas Eiter – författare

This volume was motivated by the Year of Prolog initiative, launched to celebrate the 50th anniversary of the emergence of Prolog through the work of Alain Colmerauer’s team in Marseille. The volume editors, authors, and scientific advisors and reviewers have been the leading researchers and programmers in this field over decades, and the book represents an excellent overview of the field, its successes, and its future.After a first chapter that gently introduces the Prolog programming language using examples, the next 7 papers discuss general views of the language, possible extensions for the future, and how Prolog can generally be used to solve problems; the next 5 papers explore ideas and experiences of teaching Prolog programming and then 2 papers discuss technology that has been developed for help in that teaching; the next 3 papers describe new languages based on Prolog which show future directions for logic programming; the next 5 chapters explain the applications that were the finalists for the 2022 Alain Colmerauer Prize; and the final 8 papers describe applications developed using the Prolog language, demonstrating the language’s range.

This volume was motivated by the Year of Prolog initiative, launched to celebrate the 50th anniversary of the emergence of Prolog through the work of Alain Colmerauer’s team in Marseille. The volume editors, authors, and scientific advisors and reviewers have been the leading researchers and programmers in this field over decades, and the book represents an excellent overview of the field, its successes, and its future.

After a first chapter that gently introduces the Prolog programming language using examples, the next 7 papers discuss general views of the language, possible extensions for the future, and how Prolog can generally be used to solve problems; the next 5 papers explore ideas and experiences of teaching Prolog programming and then 2 papers discuss technology that has been developed for help in that teaching; the next 3 papers describe new languages based on Prolog which show future directions for logic programming; the next 5 chapters explain the applications that were the finalists for the 2022 Alain Colmerauer Prize; and the final 8 papers describe applications developed using the Prolog language, demonstrating the language’s range.

This Festschrift is published in honor of Gerhard Brewka on the occasion of his 60th birthday and contains articles from fields reflecting the breadth of Gerd's work. The 24 scientific papers included in the book are written by close friends and colleagues and cover topics such as Actions and Agents, Nonmonotonic and Human Reasoning, Preferences and Argumentation.

This Festschrift is published in honor of Gerhard Brewka on the occasion of his 60th birthday and contains articles from fields reflecting the breadth of Gerd''s work. The 24 scientific papers included in the book are written by close friends and colleagues and cover topics such as Actions and Agents, Nonmonotonic and Human Reasoning, Preferences and Argumentation.

This volume contains some lecture notes of the 12th Reasoning Web Summer School (RW 2016), held in Aberdeen, UK, in September 2016.In 2016, the theme of the school was “Logical Foundation of Knowledge Graph Construction and Query Answering”. The notion of knowledge graph has become popular since Google started to use it to improve its search engine in 2012. Inspired by the success of Google, knowledge graphs are gaining momentum in the World Wide Web arena. Recent years have witnessed increasing industrial take-ups by other Internet giants, including Facebook's Open Graph and Microsoft's Satori. The aim of the lecture note is to provide a logical foundation for constructing and querying knowledge graphs. Our journey starts from the introduction of Knowledge Graph as well as its history, and the construction of knowledge graphs by considering both explicit and implicit author intentions. The book will then cover various topics, including how to revise and reuseontologies (schema of knowledge graphs) in a safe way, how to combine navigational queries with basic pattern matching queries for knowledge graph, how to setup a environment to do experiments on knowledge graphs, how to deal with inconsistencies and fuzziness in ontologies and knowledge graphs, and how to combine machine learning and machine reasoning for knowledge graphs.

This volume contains some lecture notes of the 12th Reasoning Web Summer School (RW 2016), held in Aberdeen, UK, in September 2016.

In 2016, the theme of the school was “Logical Foundation of Knowledge Graph Construction and Query Answering”. The notion of knowledge graph has become popular since Google started to use it to improve its search engine in 2012. Inspired by the success of Google, knowledge graphs are gaining momentum in the World Wide Web arena. Recent years have witnessed increasing industrial take-ups by other Internet giants, including Facebook''s Open Graph and Microsoft''s Satori.

The aim of the lecture note is to provide a logical foundation for constructing and querying knowledge graphs. Our journey starts from the introduction of Knowledge Graph as well as its history, and the construction of knowledge graphs by considering both explicit and implicit author intentions. The book will then cover various topics, including how to revise and reuseontologies (schema of knowledge graphs) in a safe way, how to combine navigational queries with basic pattern matching queries for knowledge graph, how to setup a environment to do experiments on knowledge graphs, how to deal with inconsistencies and fuzziness in ontologies and knowledge graphs, and how to combine machine learning and machine reasoning for knowledge graphs.

This volume collects the papers presented at the 10th International Conference on Database Theory, ICDT 2005, held during January 5–7, 2005, in Edinburgh, UK. ICDT (http://alpha.luc.ac.be/~lucp1080/icdt/) has now a long tra- tion of international conferences, providing a biennial scienti?c forum for the communication of high-quality and innovative research results on theoretical - pects of all forms of database systems and database technology. The conference usually takes place in Europe, and has been held in Rome (1986), Bruges (1988), Paris (1990), Berlin (1992), Prague (1995), Delphi (1997), Jerusalem (1999), London (2001), and Siena (2003) so far. ICDT has merged with the Sym- sium on Mathematical Fundamentals of Database Systems (MFDBS), initiated in Dresden in 1987, and continued in Visegrad in 1989 and Rostock in 1991. ICDT had a two-stage submission process. First, 103 abstracts were subm- ted, which were followed a week later by 84 paper submissions. From these 84 submissions, the ICDT Program Committee selected 24 papers for presentation at the conference. Most of these papers were “extended abstracts” and preli- nary reports on work in progress. It is anticipated that most of these papers will appear in a more polished form in scienti?c journals.

This volume collects the papers presented at the 10th International Conference on Database Theory, ICDT 2005, held during January 5–7, 2005, in Edinburgh, UK. ICDT (http://alpha.luc.ac.be/~lucp1080/icdt/) has now a long tra- tion of international conferences, providing a biennial scienti?c forum for the communication of high-quality and innovative research results on theoretical - pects of all forms of database systems and database technology. The conference usually takes place in Europe, and has been held in Rome (1986), Bruges (1988), Paris (1990), Berlin (1992), Prague (1995), Delphi (1997), Jerusalem (1999), London (2001), and Siena (2003) so far. ICDT has merged with the Sym- sium on Mathematical Fundamentals of Database Systems (MFDBS), initiated in Dresden in 1987, and continued in Visegrad in 1989 and Rostock in 1991. ICDT had a two-stage submission process. First, 103 abstracts were subm- ted, which were followed a week later by 84 paper submissions. From these 84 submissions, the ICDT Program Committee selected 24 papers for presentation at the conference. Most of these papers were “extended abstracts” and preli- nary reports on work in progress. It is anticipated that most of these papers will appear in a more polished form in scienti?c journals.

ThesearetheproceedingsoftheSixthInternationalConferenceonLogicP- grammingandNonmonotonicReasoning (LPNMR2001). The conference was heldinViennafrom17thto19thofSeptember,2001. Itwascollocatedwiththe JointGerman/AustrianConferenceonArti?cialIntelligence(24thGerman/9th AustrianConferenceonArti?cialIntelligence),KI2001. LPNMR conferences aim to promote research in logic-based programming languages, database systems, nonmonotonic reasoning, and knowledge rep- sentation. LPNMR2001 was the sixth conference in the series. The previous meetingswereheldinWashington,DC,in1991,inLisbon,Portugal,in1993,in Lexington,Kentucky,in1995,inDagstuhl,Germany,in1997,andinElPaso, Texas,in1999. ThetechnicalprogramofLPNMR2001wascomprisedof?veinvitedtalks thatweregivenbyJur .. genDix,GeorgGottlob,PhokionKolaitis,MaurizioLe- erini,andChiakiSakama. Italsocontained23technicalpresentationsselected bytheprogramcommitteeduringarigorousreviewprocess. Finally,asapart ofthetechnicalprogram,theconferencefeaturedaspecialsessioncomprisedof ninepresentationsanddemonstrationsofimplementednonmonotonicreasoning systems. Allthesecontributionsareincludedintheproceedings.Many individuals workedfor the success of the conference. Special thanks areduetoallmembersoftheprogramcommitteeandtoadditionalreviewers fortheire?ortstoproducefairandthoroughevaluationsofsubmittedpapers. Furthermore, we would like to thank the members of the Knowledge Based SystemsGroupoftheViennaUniversityofTechnology,whichtookcareofthe localorganization. Weparticularlyappreciatedthenevertiringe?ortofElfriede Nedoma,secretarytothegroup. WewouldalsoliketothankGerdBrewkafor hissupportiveroleinarrangingthecollocationoftheconferencewithKI2001. Last,butnotleast,wethankthesponsoringinstitutionsfortheirgenerosity.September2001 ThomasEiter WolfgangFaber Miros lawTruszczynski ' Conference Organization ProgramCo-chairs ThomasEiter(ViennaUniversityofTechnology,Austria) Miros lawTruszczynski ' (UniversityofKentucky,USA) ProgramCommittee AlexanderBochman(HolonAcademicInstituteofTechnology,Israel) PieroBonatti(Universit' adegliStudiMilano/Crema,Italy) GerhardBrewka(UniversityofLeipzig,Germany) JamesDelgrande(SimonFraserUniversity,Canada) MarcDenecker(KatholiekeUniversiteitLeuven,Belgium) NormanFoo(UniversityofNewSouthWales,Australia) MichaelGelfond(TexasTechUniversity,USA) KatsumiInoue(KobeUniversity,Japan) AntonisKakas(UniversityofCyprus) NicolaLeone(Universit' adegliStudidellaCalabria,Italy) VladimirLifschitz(UniversityofTexasatAustin,USA) FangzhenLin(TheHongKongUniversityofScienceandTechnology,China) VictorMarek(UniversityofKentuckyatLexington,USA) ZhangMing-Yi(GuizhouAcademyofSciences,China) IlkkaNiemel. a(HelsinkiUniversityofTechnology,Finland) Lu'?sMonizPereira(UniversidadeNovadeLisboa,Portugal) MarcoSchaerf(Universitad ' iRoma"LaSapienza,"Italy) TorstenSchaub(UniversityofPotsdam,Germany) FrancescaToni(ImperialCollege,London,U. K.) Li-YanYuan(UniversityofAlberta,Canada) Publicity Chair WolfgangFaber(ViennaUniversityofTechnology,Austria) Organization VII Additional Reviewers Jos'eAlferes MehmetOrgun CristinaBaroglio MauricePagnucco KrysiaBroda VivianaPatti MauriceBruynooghe NikolayPelov FrancescoBuccafurri GeraldPfeifer CarlosDam'asio FabrizioRiguzzi EmmanuelDeMot RiccardoRosati YannisDimopoulos GiulianaSabbatini EsraErdem FaribaSadri WolfgangFaber ChiakiSakama DayaGaur FrancescoScarcello JensHappe TommiSyrjanen TomiJanhunen AndreaTettamanzi JoohyungLee BertVanNu?elen NicolaLeone HelmutVeith ThomasLinke GerardVreeswijk ThomasLukasiewicz KewenWang PaoloMancarella Jia-HuaiYou CristinelMateis DongmoZhang RobMiller Sponsoring Institutions We would like to acknowledge ?nancial support for the conference from the EuropeanO?ceofAerospaceResearchandDevelopment(EOARD),underc- tractF61775-01-WF077,theAustrianComputerSociety(OCG),theEuropean Commission,theAustrianMinistryofTransport,Innovation&Technology,and Microsoft. Table of Contents Invited Papers AComputationalLogicApproachtoHeterogenousAgentSystems ...1 JurgenDix DeclarativeInformationExtraction,WebCrawling, andRecursiveWrappingwithLixto ...21 RobertBaumgartner,SergioFlesca,andGeorgGottlob OntheComplexityofModelCheckingandInference inMinimalModels(ExtendedAbstract) ...42 LefterisM. KirousisandPhokionG. Kolaitis DataIntegrationNeedsReasoning ...54 MaurizioLenzerini NonmonotonicInductiveLogicProgramming ...62 ChiakiSakama Regular Papers StrongEquivalenceforLogicPrograms andDefaultTheories(MadeEasy)...81 HudsonTurner OntheE?ectofDefaultNegationontheExpressiveness ofDisjunctiveRules ...93 TomiJanhunen OntheExpressibilityofStableLogicProgramming ...107 V. W. MarekandJ. B. Remmel OntheRelationshipbetweenDefeasibleLogic andWell-FoundedSemantics ...121 GerhardBrewka AComparativeStudyofWell-FoundedSemantics forDisjunctiveLogicPrograms ...133 KewenWang ReasoningwithOpenLogicPrograms ...147 PieroA. Bonatti RepresentationofIncompleteKnowledgebyInduction ofDefaultTheories...

This volume contains the contributions to the Joint German/Austrian Con- rence on Arti?cial Intelligence, KI 2001, which comprises the 24th German and the 9th Austrian Conference on Arti?cial Intelligence. They are divided into the following categories: – 2 contributions by invited speakers of the conference; – 29 accepted technical papers, of which 5 where submitted as application papers and 24 as papers on foundations of AI; – 4 contributions by participants of the industrial day, during which companies working in the ?eld presented their AI applications. After a long period of separate meetings, the German and Austrian Societies ¨ for Arti?cial Intelligence, KI and OGAI, decided to hold a joint conference in Vienna in 2001. The two societies had previously held one joint conference. This took place in Ottstein, a small town in Lower Austria, in 1986. At that time, the rise of expert system technology had also renewed interest in AI in general, with quite some expectations for future advances regarding the use of AI techniques in applications pervading many areas of our daily life. Since then ?fteen years have passed, and we may want to comment, at the beginning of a newcentury, on the progress that has been made in this direction.

This volume contains the papers presented at the “Second International S- posium on Foundations of Information and Knowledge Systems” (FoIKS 2002), which was held in Schloß Salzau, Germany from February 20th to 23rd, 2002. FoIKS is a biennial event focusing on theoretical foundations of information and knowledge systems. It aims to bring together researchers working on the theoretical foundations of information and knowledge systems and to attract researchers working in mathematical ?elds such as discrete mathematics, c- binatorics, logics, and ?nite model theory who are interested in applying their theories to research on database and knowledge base theory. FoIKS took up the tradition of the conference series “Mathematical Fundamentals of Database S- tems” (MFDBS) which enabled East-West collaboration in the ?eld of database theory. The ?rst FoIKS symposium was held in Burg, Spreewald (Germany) in 2000. Former MFDBS conferences were held in Dresden (Germany) in 1987, Visegr´ ad (Hungary) in 1989, and in Rostock (Germany) in 1991. Proceedings of these previous events were published by Springer-Verlag as volumes 305, 364, 495, and 1762 of the LNCS series. In addition the FoIKS symposium is intended to be a forum for intensive d- cussions. For this reason the time slot of long and short contributions is 60 and 30 minutes respectively, followed by 30 and 15 minutes for discussions, respectively. Furthermore, participants are asked in advance to prepare as correspondents to a contribution of another author. There are also special sessions for the pres- tation and discussion of open research problems.

This volume contains the contributions to the Joint German/Austrian Con- rence on Arti?cial Intelligence, KI 2001, which comprises the 24th German and the 9th Austrian Conference on Arti?cial Intelligence. They are divided into the following categories: – 2 contributions by invited speakers of the conference; – 29 accepted technical papers, of which 5 where submitted as application papers and 24 as papers on foundations of AI; – 4 contributions by participants of the industrial day, during which companies working in the ?eld presented their AI applications. After a long period of separate meetings, the German and Austrian Societies ¨ for Arti?cial Intelligence, KI and OGAI, decided to hold a joint conference in Vienna in 2001. The two societies had previously held one joint conference. This took place in Ottstein, a small town in Lower Austria, in 1986. At that time, the rise of expert system technology had also renewed interest in AI in general, with quite some expectations for future advances regarding the use of AI techniques in applications pervading many areas of our daily life. Since then ?fteen years have passed, and we may want to comment, at the beginning of a newcentury, on the progress that has been made in this direction.

This volume contains the papers presented at the “Second International S- posium on Foundations of Information and Knowledge Systems” (FoIKS 2002), which was held in Schloß Salzau, Germany from February 20th to 23rd, 2002. FoIKS is a biennial event focusing on theoretical foundations of information and knowledge systems. It aims to bring together researchers working on the theoretical foundations of information and knowledge systems and to attract researchers working in mathematical ?elds such as discrete mathematics, c- binatorics, logics, and ?nite model theory who are interested in applying their theories to research on database and knowledge base theory. FoIKS took up the tradition of the conference series “Mathematical Fundamentals of Database S- tems” (MFDBS) which enabled East-West collaboration in the ?eld of database theory. The ?rst FoIKS symposium was held in Burg, Spreewald (Germany) in 2000. Former MFDBS conferences were held in Dresden (Germany) in 1987, Visegr´ ad (Hungary) in 1989, and in Rostock (Germany) in 1991. Proceedings of these previous events were published by Springer-Verlag as volumes 305, 364, 495, and 1762 of the LNCS series. In addition the FoIKS symposium is intended to be a forum for intensive d- cussions. For this reason the time slot of long and short contributions is 60 and 30 minutes respectively, followed by 30 and 15 minutes for discussions, respectively. Furthermore, participants are asked in advance to prepare as correspondents to a contribution of another author. There are also special sessions for the pres- tation and discussion of open research problems.

The Semantic Web is one of the major current endeavours of applied computer science. The Semantic Web aims at enriching the existing Web with meta-data and processing methods so as to provide Web-based systems with advanced (- called intelligent) capabilities, in particular with context-awarenessand decision support. TheadvancedcapabilitiesrequiredinmostSemanticWebapplicationscen- ios primarily call for reasoning. Reasoning capabilities are o?ered by Semantic Web languages that are currently being developed. Most of these languages, however,are developed mainly from functionality-centred perspectives (e.g., - tology reasoning or access validation) or application-centred perspectives (e.g., Web service retrieval and composition). A perspective centred on the reasoning techniques complementing the above-mentioned activities appears desirable for Semantic Web systems and applications. The Summer School is devoted to this perspective. The "ReasoningWeb" series of annual Summer Schools was started in 2005 on behalf of the work package "Education and Training (ET)" of the Network of Excellence REWERSE.This year's edition focused on the use of semantic technologies to enhance data access on the Web. For this reason, courses presented a range of techniques and formalisms which bridge semantic-based and data-intensive systems.

This volume contains the lecture notes of the 8th Reasoning Web Summer School 2012, held in Vienna, Austria, in September 2012, in the form of worked out tutorial papers on the various topics that have been covered in that school. The 2012 summer school program had been put together under the general leitmotif of advanced query answering topics for the Web. The idea was to address on the one hand foundations and computational aspects of query answering, in formalisms, methods and technology, and on the other hand to also spotlight some rising or emerging application fields relating to the Semantic Web in which query answering plays a role, and which by their nature also pose new challenges and problems for this task; linked stream processing, geospatial data, semantic wikis, and argumentation on the web fall in this category.