Thomas Giegerich – författare

This book considers the European Union as a project with a major antidiscrimination goal, which is important to remember at a time of increasing resentment against particularly exposed groups, especially migrants, refugees, members of ethnic or religious minorities and LGBTI persons. While equality and non-discrimination have long been core principles of the international community as a whole, as is made obvious by the UN Charter and the Universal Declaration of Human Rights, they have shaped European integration in a particular way. The concepts of diversity, pluralism and equality have always been inherent in that process, the EU being virtually founded on the values of equality and non-discrimination. The Charter of Fundamental Rights of the EU contains the most modern and extensive catalogue of prohibited grounds of discrimination, supplementing the catalogue enshrined in the European Convention on Human Rights. EU law has given new impulses to antidiscrimination law both within Europe and beyond. The contributions to this book focus on how effective and credible the EU has been in combatting discrimination inside and outside Europe. The authors present different (mostly legal) aspects of that topic and examine them from various intra- and extra-European angles.

This book considers the European Union as a project with a major antidiscrimination goal, which is important to remember at a time of increasing resentment against particularly exposed groups, especially migrants, refugees, members of ethnic or religious minorities and LGBTI persons. While equality and non-discrimination have long been core principles of the international community as a whole, as is made obvious by the UN Charter and the Universal Declaration of Human Rights, they have shaped European integration in a particular way. The concepts of diversity, pluralism and equality have always been inherent in that process, the EU being virtually founded on the values of equality and non-discrimination. The Charter of Fundamental Rights of the EU contains the most modern and extensive catalogue of prohibited grounds of discrimination, supplementing the catalogue enshrined in the European Convention on Human Rights. EU law has given new impulses to antidiscrimination law both within Europe and beyond. The contributions to this book focus on how effective and credible the EU has been in combatting discrimination inside and outside Europe. The authors present different (mostly legal) aspects of that topic and examine them from various intra- and extra-European angles.

This book considers the European Union as a project with a major antidiscrimination goal, which is important to remember at a time of increasing resentment against particularly exposed groups, especially migrants, refugees, members of ethnic or religious minorities and LGBTI persons. While equality and non-discrimination have long been core principles of the international community as a whole, as is made obvious by the UN Charter and the Universal Declaration of Human Rights, they have shaped European integration in a particular way. The concepts of diversity, pluralism and equality have always been inherent in that process, the EU being virtually founded on the values of equality and non-discrimination. The Charter of Fundamental Rights of the EU contains the most modern and extensive catalogue of prohibited grounds of discrimination, supplementing the catalogue enshrined in the European Convention on Human Rights. EU law has given new impulses to antidiscrimination law both within Europe and beyond. The contributions to this book focus on how effective and credible the EU has been in combatting discrimination inside and outside Europe. The authors present different (mostly legal) aspects of that topic and examine them from various intra- and extra-European angles.

Male-dominated law and legal knowledge essentially characterized the whole of pre-modern history in that the patriarchy represented the axis of social relations in both the private and public spheres. Indeed, modern and even contemporary law still have embedded elements of patriarchal heritage, even in the secular modern legal systems of Western developed countries, either within the content of legislation or in terms of its implementation and interpretation. This is true to a greater or lesser extent across legal systems, although the secular modern legal systems of the Western developed countries have made great advances in terms of gender equality. The traditional understanding of law has always been self-evidently dominated by men, but modern law and its understanding have also been more or less “malestreamed.” Therefore, it has become necessary to overcome the given “maskulinity” of legal thought. In contemporary legal and political orders, gender mainstreaming of law has been of the utmost importance for overcoming deeply and persistently embedded power relations and gender-based, unequal social relations. At the same time and equally importantly, the gender mainstreaming of legal education – to which this book aims to contribute – can help to gradually eliminate this male dominance and accompanying power relations from legal education and higher education as a whole. This open access textbook provides an overview of gender issues in all areas of law, including sociological, historical and methodological issues. Written for students and teachers around the globe, it is intended to provide both a general overview and in-depth knowledge in the individual areas of law. Relevant court decisions and case studies are supplied throughout the book.

Male-dominated law and legal knowledge essentially characterized the whole of pre-modern history in that the patriarchy represented the axis of social relations in both the private and public spheres. Indeed, modern and even contemporary law still have embedded elements of patriarchal heritage, even in the secular modern legal systems of Western developed countries, either within the content of legislation or in terms of its implementation and interpretation. This is true to a greater or lesser extent across legal systems, although the secular modern legal systems of the Western developed countries have made great advances in terms of gender equality. The traditional understanding of law has always been self-evidently dominated by men, but modern law and its understanding have also been more or less “malestreamed.” Therefore, it has become necessary to overcome the given “maskulinity” of legal thought. In contemporary legal and political orders, gender mainstreaming of law has been of the utmost importance for overcoming deeply and persistently embedded power relations and gender-based, unequal social relations. At the same time and equally importantly, the gender mainstreaming of legal education – to which this book aims to contribute – can help to gradually eliminate this male dominance and accompanying power relations from legal education and higher education as a whole. This open access textbook provides an overview of gender issues in all areas of law, including sociological, historical and methodological issues. Written for students and teachers around the globe, it is intended to provide both a general overview and in-depth knowledge in the individual areas of law. Relevant court decisions and case studies are supplied throughout the book.

This open access book presents innovative strategies to address cross-cutting topics and foster transversal competences. The modernization of European legal education presents a compelling challenge that calls for enhanced interdisciplinary collaboration among academic disciplines and innovative teaching methods. The volume introduces venues towards education innovation and engages with complex and emerging topics such as datafication, climate change, gender, and the aftermath of the COVID-19 pandemic. The insights presented not only emphasize the importance of preserving traditional approaches to legal disciplines and passing them on to future generations, but also underscore the need to critically reassess and revolutionize existing structures. As our societies become more diverse and our understanding of legitimacy, justice, and values undergoes transformations, it is imperative to reconsider the role of traditional values while exploring promising alternative approaches.

This open access book presents innovative strategies to address cross-cutting topics and foster transversal competences. The modernization of European legal education presents a compelling challenge that calls for enhanced interdisciplinary collaboration among academic disciplines and innovative teaching methods. The volume introduces venues towards education innovation and engages with complex and emerging topics such as datafication, climate change, gender, and the aftermath of the COVID-19 pandemic. The insights presented not only emphasize the importance of preserving traditional approaches to legal disciplines and passing them on to future generations, but also underscore the need to critically reassess and revolutionize existing structures. As our societies become more diverse and our understanding of legitimacy, justice, and values undergoes transformations, it is imperative to reconsider the role of traditional values while exploring promising alternative approaches.

This open access book takes stock of the current situation of the human right to democracy in multilevel systems of government - at a time of renewed struggles with antidemocratic forces (democratic backsliding). It tries to answer three questions: (1) Is there a human right to democracy in contemporary global and regional international law as well as European Union law and what consequences does that have for the States’ governmental structure (top-down perspective on national democracy)? (2) Does the human right to democracy also extend to decision-making at the international and supranational level (bottom-up perspective on international/supranational democracy)? (3) What is the relation between national democracy and international democracy and the corresponding human entitlements (interdependence perspective)?The first part of an answer to these questions derives from the elements of democracy proclaimed by the United Nations as a universal value. The second part results from an investigation of the national and international democratic ingredients of the right of self-determination of peoples, whose recognition and codification is the mainstay of the human rights revolution since 1945.  The third part is added by a survey and comparison of the various democratic rights included in the global and regional human rights treaties that constitute the subjective cornerstones of democracy. The fourth part is devoted to analysing the EU as exemplary but imperfect multilevel democracy. In all these parts, the enforcement of democratic entitlements are also discussed. In the fifth part, conclusions will be drawn. The book is addressed to international and EU law experts as well as political scientists.

Zuwanderung und Integration - Eckpfeiler für Deutschland im 21. Jahrhundert Die Diskussion um die Zuwanderung nach Deutschland ist in Bewegung geraten - und sie wird zum Glück zunehmend sachbezogener geführt. So beschäftigen sich seit dem vergan­ genen Jahr vor allem Parteien, Gewerkschaften, Wirtschaft und Kirchen intern und gegen­ über der Öffentlichkeit engagiert mit den Fragen, ob und wie viel Zuwanderung wir brau­ chen, was wir von denen erwarten, die zu uns kommen wollen, und welche Anforderungen wir bei verstärkter Zuwanderung wiederum an uns selbst richten müssen. Deutschland hat in den letzten Jahrzehnten viele Menschen aus anderen Ländern angezo­ gen; andererseits haben Millionen in dieser Zeit unser Land auch verlassen. Experten gehen für die Zeit seit 1961 bis heute von einer Zuwanderung von über 30 Millionen Nichtdeutschen und einer Abwanderung von 24 Millionen aus. Nachdem die gesellschaftliche Realität jahrzehnte­ lang mit der Formel dementiert wurde, Deutschland sei kein Einwanderungsland, stellen wir uns nun den Fakten. Und erstmals erscheint in dieser schwierigen, oft eher emotional als ratio­ nal behandelten Frage ein politischer und gesellschaftlicher Konsens möglich zu sein. An die Stelle der Verweigerung ist ein politischer Wettlauf um die besten Lösungen getreten: Alle Bundestagsfraktionen befürworten jedenfalls "im Prinzip" die Verabschiedung eines Zuwande­ rungsgesetzes, Ziel und Inhalt sind naturgemäß (noch) umstritten. Eine an eigenen wirtschaftli­ chen Interessen orientierte Zuwanderungssteuerung ist für unser Land aber eine neue Heraus­ forderung. Auch deshalb begegnen viele dem Thema Zuwanderung noch mit Unsicherheit.

Die vorliegende Untersuchung ist aus meiner Dissertation hervorgegangen, die im Wintersemester 1990/91 dem Fachbereich Rechts- und Wirtschafts- wissenschaften der Johannes Gutenberg-Universitat Mainz vorgelegen hat. Nach Vorarbeiten wahrend meines Studienaufenthaltes an der University of Virginia 1984/85 schrieb ich die Studie wahrend meiner Assistentenzeiten in Mainz bei Prof. Dr. Eckart Klein, meinem Doktorvater, und in Heidel- berg bei Prof. Dr. Helmut Steinberger. Ich schloG sie als Referent am Max- Planck-Institut fUr ausIandisches Offentliches Recht und Volkerrecht in Heidelberg abo Prof. Dr. Eckart Klein, der mich seit meiner Studentenzeit gefordert hat, und Prof. Dr. Walter Rudolf, dem Zweitgutachter, bin ich fur zahlreiche weiterfUhrende Hinweise zu Dank verpflichtet. Herzlichen Dank schulde ich auch meiner Frau Dagmar Richter fUr ihre Hilfsbereitschaft, vor aHem auch bei der Anfertigung des Sachregisters. Die Dberarbeitung wurde, von wenigen spateren Anderungen abgese- hen, im Juni 1991 abgeschlossen. Thomas Giegerich Inhaltsiibersicht Einleitung...1 Erster Teil: Klarungen im Vorfeld 3 1. Kapitel: Begriffskliirungen und Abgrenzung des Problemfeldes 3 2.Kapitel: Grundrechtswirkung gegen Private - Eckpunkte eines Argumentationsrahmens ...14 Zweiter Teil: Die Grundlagen 38 3. Kapitel: Erscheinungsbild, Charakter und Funktion amerikanischer Grundrechtsnormen ...38 4. Kapitel: Historische Dimension ...47 5. Kapitel: Textauslegung der Bundesverfassung von 1787 und der Bill of Rights von 1791 ...72 6. Kapitel: Nichtkodifizierte Individualrechte - Amendment IX und das Recht auf Sicherheit ...83 7. Kapitel: Verpflichtungsadressat des Schutzanspruchs: Die Lage vor den Verfassungserganzungen der Nachbiirgerkriegszeit . . 122 Dritter Teil: Entwicklung des Verfassungsrechts, des Gesetzes- rechts und der Rechtsprechung yom Biirgerkrieg his zum Ende des 2. Weltkriegs ...

Zuwanderung und Integration - Eckpfeiler für Deutschland im 21. Jahrhundert Die Diskussion um die Zuwanderung nach Deutschland ist in Bewegung geraten - und sie wird zum Glück zunehmend sachbezogener geführt. So beschäftigen sich seit dem vergan­ genen Jahr vor allem Parteien, Gewerkschaften, Wirtschaft und Kirchen intern und gegen­ über der Öffentlichkeit engagiert mit den Fragen, ob und wie viel Zuwanderung wir brau­ chen, was wir von denen erwarten, die zu uns kommen wollen, und welche Anforderungen wir bei verstärkter Zuwanderung wiederum an uns selbst richten müssen. Deutschland hat in den letzten Jahrzehnten viele Menschen aus anderen Ländern angezo­ gen; andererseits haben Millionen in dieser Zeit unser Land auch verlassen. Experten gehen für die Zeit seit 1961 bis heute von einer Zuwanderung von über 30 Millionen Nichtdeutschen und einer Abwanderung von 24 Millionen aus. Nachdem die gesellschaftliche Realität jahrzehnte­ lang mit der Formel dementiert wurde, Deutschland sei kein Einwanderungsland, stellen wir uns nun den Fakten. Und erstmals erscheint in dieser schwierigen, oft eher emotional als ratio­ nal behandelten Frage ein politischer und gesellschaftlicher Konsens möglich zu sein. An die Stelle der Verweigerung ist ein politischer Wettlauf um die besten Lösungen getreten: Alle Bundestagsfraktionen befürworten jedenfalls "im Prinzip" die Verabschiedung eines Zuwande­ rungsgesetzes, Ziel und Inhalt sind naturgemäß (noch) umstritten. Eine an eigenen wirtschaftli­ chen Interessen orientierte Zuwanderungssteuerung ist für unser Land aber eine neue Heraus­ forderung. Auch deshalb begegnen viele dem Thema Zuwanderung noch mit Unsicherheit.