Tobias Nipkow – författare

This textbook offers a unified and self-contained introduction to the field of term rewriting. It covers all the basic material (abstract reduction systems, termination, confluence, completion, and combination problems), but also some important and closely connected subjects: universal algebra, unification theory, Gröbner bases and Buchberger's algorithm. The main algorithms are presented both informally and as programs in the functional language Standard ML (an appendix contains a quick and easy introduction to ML). Certain crucial algorithms like unification and congruence closure are covered in more depth and Pascal programs are developed. The book contains many examples and over 170 exercises. This text is also an ideal reference book for professional researchers: results that have been spread over many conference and journal articles are collected together in a unified notation, proofs of almost all theorems are provided, and each chapter closes with a guide to the literature.

This textbook offers a unified and self-contained introduction to the field of term rewriting. It covers all the basic material (abstract reduction systems, termination, confluence, completion, and combination problems), but also some important and closely connected subjects: universal algebra, unification theory, Gröbner bases and Buchberger''s algorithm. The main algorithms are presented both informally and as programs in the functional language Standard ML (an appendix contains a quick and easy introduction to ML). Certain crucial algorithms like unification and congruence closure are covered in more depth and Pascal programs are developed. The book contains many examples and over 170 exercises. This text is also an ideal reference book for professional researchers: results that have been spread over many conference and journal articles are collected together in a unified notation, proofs of almost all theorems are provided, and each chapter closes with a guide to the literature.

This textbook offers a unified and self-contained introduction to the field of term rewriting. It covers all the basic material (abstract reduction systems, termination, confluence, completion, and combination problems), but also some important and closely connected subjects: universal algebra, unification theory, Gröbner bases and Buchberger''s algorithm. The main algorithms are presented both informally and as programs in the functional language Standard ML (an appendix contains a quick and easy introduction to ML). Certain crucial algorithms like unification and congruence closure are covered in more depth and Pascal programs are developed. The book contains many examples and over 170 exercises. This text is also an ideal reference book for professional researchers: results that have been spread over many conference and journal articles are collected together in a unified notation, proofs of almost all theorems are provided, and each chapter closes with a guide to the literature.

Recent decades have seen major advances in methods and tools for checking the safety and security of software systems. Automatic tools can now detect security flaws not only in programs of the order of a million lines of code, but also in high-level protocol descriptions. There has also been something of a breakthrough in the area of operating system verification. This book presents the lectures from the NATO Advanced Study Institute on Tools for Analysis and Verification of Software Safety and Security; a summer school held at Bayrischzell, Germany, in 2011. This Advanced Study Institute was divided into three integrated modules: Foundations of Safety and Security, Applications of Safety Analysis and Security Analysis. Subjects covered include mechanized game-based proofs of security protocols, formal security proofs, model checking, using and building an automatic program verifier and a hands-on introduction to interactive proofs.Bringing together many leading international experts in the field, this NATO Advanced Study Institute once more proved invaluable in facilitating the connections which will influence the quality of future research and the potential to transfer research into practice. This book will be of interest to all those whose work depends on the safety and security of software systems.

Part I of this book is a practical introduction to working with the Isabelle proof assistant. It teaches you how to write functional programs and inductive definitions and how to prove properties about them in Isabelle’s structured proof language. Part II is an introduction to the semantics of imperative languages with an emphasis on applications like compilers and program analysers. The distinguishing feature is that all the mathematics has been formalised in Isabelle and much of it is executable. Part I focusses on the details of proofs in Isabelle; Part II can be read even without familiarity with Isabelle’s proof language, all proofs are described in detail but informally.The book teaches the reader the art of precise logical reasoning and the practical use of a proof assistant as a surgical tool for formal proofs about computer science artefacts. In this sense it represents a formal approach to computer science, not just semantics. The Isabelle formalisation, including the proofs and accompanying slides, are freely available online, and the book is suitable for graduate students, advanced undergraduate students, and researchers in theoretical computer science and logic.

Part I of this book is a practical introduction to working with the Isabelle proof assistant. It teaches you how to write functional programs and inductive definitions and how to prove properties about them in Isabelle’s structured proof language. Part II is an introduction to the semantics of imperative languages with an emphasis on applications like compilers and program analysers. The distinguishing feature is that all the mathematics has been formalised in Isabelle and much of it is executable. Part I focusses on the details of proofs in Isabelle; Part II can be read even without familiarity with Isabelle’s proof language, all proofs are described in detail but informally.The book teaches the reader the art of precise logical reasoning and the practical use of a proof assistant as a surgical tool for formal proofs about computer science artefacts. In this sense it represents a formal approach to computer science, not just semantics. The Isabelle formalisation, including the proofs and accompanying slides, are freely available online, and the book is suitable for graduate students, advanced undergraduate students, and researchers in theoretical computer science and logic.

This book presents the refereed proceedings of the 14th International Symposium on Formal Methods, FM 2006, held in Hamilton, Canada, August 2006. The book presents 36 revised full papers together with 2 invited contributions and extended abstracts of 7 invited industrial presentations, organized in topical sections on interactive verification, formal modelling of systems, real time, industrial experience, specification and refinement, programming languages, algebra, formal modelling of systems, and more.

The last ten years have seen a gradual fragmentation of the Automated Reas- ing community into various disparate groups, each with its own conference: the Conference on Automated Reasoning (CADE), the International Workshop on First-Order Theorem Proving (FTP), and the International Conference on - tomated Reasoning with Analytic Tableau and Related Methods (TABLEAUX) to name three. During 1999, various members of these three communities d- cussed the idea of holding a joint conference in 2001 to bring our communities togetheragain.Theplanwastoholdaone-o?conferencefor2001,toberepeated ifitprovedasuccess.Thisvolumecontainsthepaperspresentedattheresulting event:the?rstInternationalJointConferenceonAutomatedReasoning(IJCAR 2001), held in Siena, Italy, from June 18-23, 2001. We received 88 research papers and 24 systems descriptions as submissions. Each submission was fully refereed by at least three peers who were asked to writeareportonthequalityofthesubmissions.Thesereportswereaccessibleto membersoftheprogrammecommitteeviaaweb-basedsystemspeciallydesigned for electronic discussions.As a result we accepted 37 research papers and 19 system descriptions, which make up these proceedings. In addition, this volume contains full papers or extended abstracts from the ?ve invited speakers. Tenone-dayworkshopsandfourtutorialswereheldduringIJCAR2001.The automatedtheoremprovingsystemcompetition(CASC)wasorganizedbyGeo? Sutcli?e to evaluate the performance of sound, fully automatic, classical, ?r- order automated theorem proving systems. The third Workshop on Inference in Computational Semantics (ICoS-3) and the 9th Symposium on the Integration of Symbolic Computation and Mechanized Reasoning (CALCULEMUS-2001) were co-located with IJCAR 2001, and held their own associated workshops and produced their own separate proceedings.

This volume is a self-contained introduction to interactive proof in high- order logic (HOL), using the proof assistant Isabelle 2002. Compared with existing Isabelle documentation, it provides a direct route into higher-order logic, which most people prefer these days. It bypasses ?rst-order logic and minimizes discussion of meta-theory. It is written for potential users rather than for our colleagues in the research world. Another departure from previous documentation is that we describe Markus Wenzel’s proof script notation instead of ML tactic scripts. The l- ter make it easier to introduce new tactics on the ?y, but hardly anybody does that. Wenzel’s dedicated syntax is elegant, replacing for example eight simpli?cation tactics with a single method, namely simp, with associated - tions. The book has three parts. – The ?rst part, Elementary Techniques, shows how to model functional programs in higher-order logic. Early examples involve lists and the natural numbers. Most proofs are two steps long, consisting of induction on a chosen variable followed by the auto tactic. But even this elementary part covers such advanced topics as nested and mutual recursion. – The second part, Logic and Sets, presents a collection of lower-level tactics that you can use to apply rules selectively. It also describes I- belle/HOL’s treatment of sets, functions, and relations and explains how to de?ne sets inductively. One of the examples concerns the theory of model checking, and another is drawn from a classic textbook on formal languages.

This volume is a self-contained introduction to interactive proof in high- order logic (HOL), using the proof assistant Isabelle 2002. Compared with existing Isabelle documentation, it provides a direct route into higher-order logic, which most people prefer these days. It bypasses ?rst-order logic and minimizes discussion of meta-theory. It is written for potential users rather than for our colleagues in the research world. Another departure from previous documentation is that we describe Markus Wenzel’s proof script notation instead of ML tactic scripts. The l- ter make it easier to introduce new tactics on the ?y, but hardly anybody does that. Wenzel’s dedicated syntax is elegant, replacing for example eight simpli?cation tactics with a single method, namely simp, with associated - tions. The book has three parts. – The ?rst part, Elementary Techniques, shows how to model functional programs in higher-order logic. Early examples involve lists and the natural numbers. Most proofs are two steps long, consisting of induction on a chosen variable followed by the auto tactic. But even this elementary part covers such advanced topics as nested and mutual recursion. – The second part, Logic and Sets, presents a collection of lower-level tactics that you can use to apply rules selectively. It also describes I- belle/HOL’s treatment of sets, functions, and relations and explains how to de?ne sets inductively. One of the examples concerns the theory of model checking, and another is drawn from a classic textbook on formal languages.

This volume contains thoroughly refereed and revised full papers selected from the presentations at the first workshop held under the auspices of the ESPRIT Basic Research Action 6453 Types for Proofs and Programs in Nijmegen, The Netherlands, in May 1993.As the whole ESPRIT BRA 6453, this volume is devoted to the theoretical foundations, design and applications of systems for theory development. Such systems help in designing mathematical axiomatisation, performing computer-aided logical reasoning, and managing databases of mathematical facts; they are also known as proof assistants or proof checkers.

This volume contains the final revised versions of the best papers presented at the First International Workshop on Higher-Order Algebra, Logic, and Term Rewriting (HOA '93), held in Amsterdam in September 1993. Higher-Order methods are increasingly applied in functional and logic programming languages, as well as in specification and verification of programs and hardware. The 15 full papers in this volume are devoted to the algebra and model theory of higher-order languages, computational logic techniques including resolution and term rewriting, and specification and verification case studies; in total they provide a competently written overview of current research and suggest new research directions in this vigourous area.

This book constitutes the refereed proceedings of the 9th International Conference on Rewriting Techniques and Applications, RTA-98, held in Tsukuba, Japan, in March/April 1998. The 22 revised full papers presented were carefully selected from a total of 61 submissions by the program committee with the assistance of 113 additional referees. The book covers all current aspects of rewriting including rewriting systems, term rewriting, string rewriting, theorem proving, resolution, normalization, unification, equational logics, lambda calculus, constraint solving, and functional programming.

This book constitutes the refereed proceedings of the 9th International Conference on Rewriting Techniques and Applications, RTA-98, held in Tsukuba, Japan, in March/April 1998. The 22 revised full papers presented were carefully selected from a total of 61 submissions by the program committee with the assistance of 113 additional referees. The book covers all current aspects of rewriting including rewriting systems, term rewriting, string rewriting, theorem proving, resolution, normalization, unification, equational logics, lambda calculus, constraint solving, and functional programming.

This book constitutes the refereed proceedings of the 22nd International Conference on Theorem Proving in Higher Order Logics, TPHOLs 200, held in Munich, Germany, in August 2009. The 26 revised full papers presented together with 1 proof pearl, 4 tool presentations, and 3 invited papers were carefully reviewed and selected from 55 submissions. The papers cover all aspects of theorem proving in higher order logics as well as related topics in theorem proving and verification such as formal semantics of specification, modeling, and programming languages, specification and verification of hardware and software, formalization of mathematical theories, advances in theorem prover technology, as well as industrial application of theorem provers.

This book constitutes the refereed proceedings of the 22nd International Conference on Theorem Proving in Higher Order Logics, TPHOLs 200, held in Munich, Germany, in August 2009. The 26 revised full papers presented together with 1 proof pearl, 4 tool presentations, and 3 invited papers were carefully reviewed and selected from 55 submissions. The papers cover all aspects of theorem proving in higher order logics as well as related topics in theorem proving and verification such as formal semantics of specification, modeling, and programming languages, specification and verification of hardware and software, formalization of mathematical theories, advances in theorem prover technology, as well as industrial application of theorem provers.

This book is an introduction to data structures and algorithms for functional programming languages, with a focus on proofs. Starting with sorting and searching, it moves on to priority queues and advanced design and analysis techniques: dynamic programming, amortized analysis, splay trees, skew heaps and pairing heaps. The final part of the book covers a number of selected fun topics: graph algorithms, string search, Huffman's algorithm for generating optimal codes and alpha-beta pruning of game trees.The book covers both correctness (does the algorithm do what it is supposed to do?) and running time analysis (does the algorithm terminate within a specified number of steps?). It does so in a unified manner with inductive proofs about functional programs and their running time functions.What sets this book apart from existing books on algorithms is that all proofs have been machine-checked, by the proof assistant Isabelle. That is, in addition to the text in the book, which requires no knowledge of proof assistants!, the Isabelle definitions and proofs are available online. The structured nature of Isabelle proofs permits even novices to follow the high-level arguments.This book is aimed at teachers and students (it has been classroom-tested for a number of years) but is also a reference work for programmers and researchers who are interested in the (verified!) details of some algorithm or proof.