Tormod Heier – författare

This book examines hybrid threats within the broader context of a security crisis in Europe.As geopolitical tensions increase and great power rivalries intensify, can states protect their communities? While conventional wars are fought, parallel battles take place by more subtle and non-violent means. This multi-disciplinary book examines how hybrid threats undermine political governance and social stability in liberal democracies, covering aggressors, targeted states and victimized communities. It seeks to address how aggressor states undermine liberal democracies under the threshold of conflict, and the role played by hybrid threats as aggressor states prepare for full-scale war. The chapters also explore how liberal democracies organize and interact to detect hybrid threats, arguing that, in order to increase resilience, politicians and government agencies must involve the private sector and citizens in threat-reduction policies. The analysis builds upon the latest research in the international crisis management literature.This book will be of interest to students of security studies, hybrid warfare, defence studies and International Relations, as well as professional practitioners.The Open Access version of this book, available at http://www.taylorfrancis.com, has been made available under a Creative Commons Attribution (CC-BY) 4.0 license.

This book examines hybrid threats within the broader context of a security crisis in Europe.As geopolitical tensions increase and great power rivalries intensify, can states protect their communities? While conventional wars are fought, parallel battles take place by more subtle and non-violent means. This multi-disciplinary book examines how hybrid threats undermine political governance and social stability in liberal democracies, covering aggressors, targeted states and victimized communities. It seeks to address how aggressor states undermine liberal democracies under the threshold of conflict, and the role played by hybrid threats as aggressor states prepare for full-scale war. The chapters also explore how liberal democracies organize and interact to detect hybrid threats, arguing that, in order to increase resilience, politicians and government agencies must involve the private sector and citizens in threat-reduction policies. The analysis builds upon the latest research in the international crisis management literature.This book will be of interest to students of security studies, hybrid warfare, defence studies and International Relations, as well as professional practitioners.The Open Access version of this book, available at http://www.taylorfrancis.com, has been made available under a Creative Commons Attribution (CC-BY) 4.0 license.

This volume examines the growing rise of transactionalism in US foreign policy and its implications for transatlantic relations and European security.Bringing together scholars and practitioners from seven countries, the volume explores why American statecraft has become more conditional, interest-based, and selective toward its closest allies, and how European states are responding to uncertain US security commitments. Combining perspectives from international relations, political science, war studies, and diplomatic history, the US and European contributors analyse transactionalism as both a mode of political practice and a broader expression of geopolitical change. The volume examines how structural pressures, domestic political fragmentation, leadership styles, and deeper ideational shifts inside the United States interact to reshape the Atlantic relationship. It also assesses Europe’s responses through military reconstruction, strategic adaptation, differentiated integration, and political reordering. Rather than predicting transatlantic collapse, this book argues that the Atlantic order is undergoing a period of sustained stress: contested, recalibrated, yet remarkably resilient.This book will be of much interest to students of transatlantic relations, US foreign policy, European politics, and International Relations.

This book is the first full-spectrum analysis of Russian and European norms of political action, ranging from international law, ethics, and strategy, to the specific norms for the use of force. It brings together leading scholars from these various fields, examining the differences in norm understanding between Russia and Europe. In light of the 2014 occupation and annexation of Crimea by Russia, and its subsequent covert participation in the internal affairs of Ukraine, including aggressive flying and major military exercises, Russia seems to be a classical revisionist power, intent on changing the balance of power in Europe in particular. It also reaches beyond Europe, inserting itself as the key actor in the Syrian war. The book therefore considers how we should understand Russia. It also questions whether or not the West, in particular Europe, responds adequately in this delicate and dangerous new situation. The book concludes that at present Russia acts strategically and withconsiderable success whereas Europe is reactive in its response.

This book is the first full-spectrum analysis of Russian and European norms of political action, ranging from international law, ethics, and strategy, to the specific norms for the use of force. It brings together leading scholars from these various fields, examining the differences in norm understanding between Russia and Europe. In light of the 2014 occupation and annexation of Crimea by Russia, and its subsequent covert participation in the internal affairs of Ukraine, including aggressive flying and major military exercises, Russia seems to be a classical revisionist power, intent on changing the balance of power in Europe in particular. It also reaches beyond Europe, inserting itself as the key actor in the Syrian war. The book therefore considers how we should understand Russia. It also questions whether or not the West, in particular Europe, responds adequately in this delicate and dangerous new situation. The book concludes that at present Russia acts strategically and withconsiderable success whereas Europe is reactive in its response.