Ulrich Schmoch - Böcker

This book explores major similarities and differences in the structure, conduct, and performance of the national technology transfer systems of Germany and the United States. It maps the technology transfer landscape in each country in detail, uses case studies to examine the dynamics of technology transfer in four major technology areas, and identifies areas and opportunities for further mutual learning between the two national systems.

This handbook offers a state-of-the-art overview of quantitative science and technology research. It focuses on the development and application of indicators derived from data on scientific or scholarly publications and patents. It comprises 34 chapters written by leading specialists in the various sub-domains. These chapters deal with theoretical and methodological issues, illustrate applications, and highlight their policy context and relevance. Authors present a survey of the research topics they address, and show their most recent achievements. The 34 chapters are arranged into 5 parts: Disciplinary Approaches; General Methodology; The Science System; The Technology System; and The Science–Technology Interface. The Editor’s Introduction provides a further specification of the handbook’s scope and of the main topics addressed in its chapters. This handbook aims at four distinct groups of readers: – practitioners in the field of science and technology studies; – research students inthis field; – scientists, scholars and technicians who are interested in a systematic, thorough analysis of their activities; – policy makers and administrators who wish to be informed about the potentialities and limitations of the various approaches and about their results.

The concept of National Systems of Innovation was introduced as a method to describe the various elements which contribute to innovation performance and their interaction. Most analyses refer to the description of the structures of specific countries, whereas the comparison of different countries generally fails due to the inconsistency of information sources or the lack of specific data. In this book, the innovation structures of a broad set of countries are compared on the basis of various indicators. In particular, the topics of public and private R+D and their internationalisation, of scientific and technological performance, of innovation activities in manufacturing and services, of foreign trade, of technology-based start-ups, and ICT infrastructure are examined in detail. A further relevant area of investigation is higher education and highly skilled employment, and finally trends in innovation policy are presented in an international comparison. The book documents major elements of the joint work of eight leading German institutes, elaborated in the context of a regular annual report on Germany's technological performance. It provides much more than the pure compilation of quantitative indicators for international benchmarking, but gives support to an appropriate interpretation of the referring results and suggests relevant conclusions for innovation policy. A special focus is on Germany; so the book also aims at non-German readers interested in specific features of the German innovation system.

This handbook presents the state of the art of quantitative methods and models to understand and assess the science and technology system. Focusing on various aspects of the development and application of indicators derived from data on scholarly publications, patents and electronic communications, the individual chapters, written by leading experts, discuss theoretical and methodological issues, illustrate applications, highlight their policy context and relevance, and point to future research directions.A substantial portion of the book is dedicated to detailed descriptions and analyses of data sources, presenting both traditional and advanced approaches. It addresses the main bibliographic metrics and indexes, such as the journal impact factor and the h-index, as well as altmetric and webometric indicators and science mapping techniques on different levels of aggregation and in the context of their value for the assessment of research performance as well as their impact onresearch policy and society. It also presents and critically discusses various national research evaluation systems.Complementing the sections reflecting on the science system, the technology section includes multiple chapters that explain different aspects of patent statistics, patent classification and database search methods to retrieve patent-related information. In addition, it examines the relevance of trademarks and standards as additional technological indicators.The Springer Handbook of Science and Technology Indicators is an invaluable resource for practitioners, scientists and policy makers wanting a systematic and thorough analysis of the potential and limitations of the various approaches to assess research and research performance.

Der Band behandelt einen speziellen Aspekt im sich verscharfenden internationalen Technologiewettlauf der Nationen, die Wissenschaftsabhangigkeit der modernen Industrietechnik. Immer schneller werden neueste wissenschaftliche Erkenntnisse in marktgangige Innovationen umgesetzt. Das bedeutet aber, dass ein Mithalten im Innovationswettlauf keine Angelegenheit der produzierenden Unternehmen allein mehr sein kann, sondern zunehmend eine wechselseitige Abhangigkeit mit dem weitgehend offentlichen Forschungssystem erfordert. Zunachst wird eine neue Methode zur quantitativen Erfassung der Wissenschaftsbindung auf der Basis von Patentschriften erlautert; sodann werden empirische Ergebnisse vorgelegt. Sie behandeln prinzipielle Aspekte der wissensbasierten Innovation, einen internationalen Vergleich und sektorale Aspekte im vereinten Deutschland. Besonders erwahnt werden soll der Einbezug der entsprechenden wissenschaftstheoretischen Debatte in die okonomischen Uberlegungen.Das Buch spricht sowohl die Forschungspolitik an, die auf die enge Kopplung zwischen Wissenschaft und Industrie mit neuen Instrumenten reagieren sollte, wie auch das industrielle Forschungsmanagement, fur das die rechtzeitige Ankopplung an die Wissenschaft uberlebenswichtig werden wird.

A more detailed understanding of the interaction between science and technology is necessary in order to develop appropriate tools for future R&D management and technology policy. The first part of this book describes the structure of the science/technology interface and analyses the role of science for the generation of new technologies and respective institutional problems. The second part examines the challenges to R&D management and appropriate management tools from the perspective of industrial enterprises. Part III documents the results of two field studies in the science-intensive areas of medical lasers and neural networks. The major aim of the book is to bring together the variety of different approaches from an academic and industrial perspective.

This handbook offers a state-of-the-art survey of quantitative science and technology research. It focuses on the development and application of indicators derived from data on scientific publications and patents. Many contributions introduce new challenging approaches in the use of these indicators. The work deals with theoretical and methodological issues, and presents applications. Scientific or technological performance and productivity of the S&T system and S&T institutions are central to the underlying concept of this handbook, which illustrates how these measures can be used at the macro-level as well as in the management of organisations. In this context, various topics such as quality control in knowledge production, internationalisation of research, collaboration, knowledge networks and knowledge flows, multi- or interdisciplinarity, knowledge specialisation and integration, and participation of women are discussed. Several contributions address the crucial question of the relevance and use of S&T indicators in a policy context.