Valquiria Bueno – författare

This book presents studies of the main conditions that affect health and well-being of old people. Considering the present scenario of COVID-19, the effects of this viral infection on individuals older than 65 years are also discussed. The content enables professionals of health and government for the present and future actions in this important area.

Readers go through  the changes occurring in organs and tissues that can interfere with susceptibility to infections, low response to vaccines, cancer, and loss of cognition during the aging process.

This book discusses how human healthy longevity is dependent, at least inpart, of a functional immune system. Chapters were written for researchers in the field of aging and is especially suited for those interested in the study of immunosenescence and inflammaging affecting the health of old individuals.

Even though life expectancy increased in the last decades, ageing has been considered a strong risk factor for age-related diseases, disability and death. The further understanding of cellular and molecular aspects of ageing could predict the onset of diseases in advance, prevent functional decline and identify targets for interventions focused in healthy ageing.

The hypothesis that organismal ageing and dysfunction is influenced by the accumulation of senescent cells had origin in Hayflick and Moorhead results from cultured human fibroblasts. It was shown that fibroblasts presented a limited capacity for proliferation reaching thus the state of irreversible growth arrest (replicative senescence). In 2011, van Deusen et al. showed that p16Ink4a accumulation was associated with premature ageing in a mouse model and the inactivation of the p16Ink4a gene mitigated the ageing phenotype. Thus, the cell cycle arrest due to the expression of p16Ink4a and p21CIP (cell cycle inhibitors) is the main characteristic of senescence. In addition to cellular senescence, the hallmarks of ageing include genomic instability, telomere shortening , epigenetic alterations, loss of proteostasis, deregulated nutrient-sensing, mitochondrial dysfunction, stem cell exhaustion, altered intercellular communication, and a pro-inflammatory senescence-associated secretory phenotype (SASP). In this book, researchers will comprehensively discuss relevant changes occurring at cellular and molecular levels (human and animal models) based on the hallmarks of ageing. The impact of lifestyle and benefits of physical activity and nutrition will be also discussed. Unravelling cellular and molecular aspects of ageing is crucial for the unanswered questions about ageing and for guiding interventions such as changes in lifestyle, senolytic (kills senescent cells), and senomorphic (interrupts deleterious intercellular communication) therapies.