Wolf Gruner – författare

Between 1935 and 1940, the Nazis incorporated large portions of Europe into the German Reich. The contributors to this volume analyze the evolving anti-Jewish policies in the annexed territories and their impact on the Jewish population, as well as the attitudes and actions of non-Jews, Germans, and indigenous populations. They demonstrate that diverse anti-Jewish policies developed in the different territories, which in turn affected practices in other regions and even influenced Berlin’s decisions. Having these systematic studies together in one volume enables a comparison - based on the most recent research - between anti-Jewish policies in the areas annexed by the Nazi state. The results of this prizewinning book call into question the common assumption that one central plan for persecution extended across Nazi-occupied Europe, shifting the focus onto differing regional German initiatives and illuminating the cooperation of indigenous institutions.

Prior to Hitler’s occupation, nearly 120,000 Jews inhabited the areas that would become the Protectorate of Bohemia and Moravia; by 1945, all but a handful had either escaped or been deported and murdered by the Nazis. This pioneering study gives a definitive account of the Holocaust as it was carried out in the region, detailing the German and Czech policies, including previously overlooked measures such as small-town ghettoization and forced labor, that shaped Jewish life. Drawing on extensive new evidence, Wolf Gruner demonstrates how the persecution of the Jews as well as their reactions and resistance efforts were the result of complex actions by German authorities in Prague and Berlin as well as the Czech government and local authorities.

Executive editor: Wolf Gruner; English-language edition prepared by: Caroline Pearce and Dorothy Mas

This volume documents the persecution of the Jews in the German Reich between 1933 and 1937. The documents illustrate the ways in which the Jews in Germany were thrown out of their jobs and excluded from public institutions and public life, and how the Nuremberg Laws reduced the status of German Jews to second-class citizens and set out to sever the ties between Jewish and non-Jewish Germans. It documents the political calculations and strategy of the Nazi ruling elite in relation to antisemitic measures, and the local outbreaks of violence and terror against the Jewish population. It also illustrates the widespread indifference of non-Jewish Germans. In 1935 the Berlin rabbi Joachim Prinz described how the circumstances for the Jewish population had changed: ‘The Jew’s lot is to be neighbourless. We would not find it all so painful if we did not have the feeling that we once did have neighbours.’

Learn more about the PMJ on https://pmj-documents.org/

Band 1 dokumentiert die Judenverfolgung zwischen 1933 und 1937. Die chronologisch angeordneten Schriftzeugnisse lassen sichtbar werden, wie die Entrechtung und soziale Isolation der Juden in Deutschland vorangetrieben wurde, welche Rolle der Terror, das staatliche Kalkül und die Gleichgültigkeit sehr vieler Deutscher spielten. Nach kurzer Zeit war ein Zustand erreicht, wie ihn der Berliner Rabbiner Joachim Prinz 1935 beschrieb: „Des Juden Los ist: nachbarlos zu sein. Wir würden das alles nicht so schmerzlich empfinden, hätten wir nicht das Gefühl, dass wir einmal Nachbarn besessen haben.“

Auf der Basis der Edition realisiert der Bayerische Rundfunk die dokumentarische Höredition „Die Quellen sprechen“, die in Staffeln gesendet wird und unter www.die-quellen-sprechen.de nachzuhören ist.

Youtube-Link zur VEJ-Abschlusskonferenz: Deutsches Reich (Panel 1, 9. Mai 2023) und NS-Führung und deutsche Gesellschaft (Panel 10, 11. Mai 2023)

Vom 9. bis zum 11. Mai 2023 fand mit "Der Holocaust als europäisches Ereignis" die Abschlusskonferenz der Edition "Die Verfolgung und Ermordung der europäischen Juden durch das nationalsozialistische Deutschland 1933–1945" im Dokumentationszentrum Topographie des Terrors in Berlin statt.