Acta Universitatis Stockholmiensis – förlag

1908 bodde det i Örebro strax under 30 000 personer, men staden hade tre biografer som visade film med flera föreställningar dagligen. Därtill tillkom en och annan ambulerande förevisare, som kunde stanna en längre period med visningar i någon av nykterhetslogernas ordenshus. Denna avhandling skriver svensk filmhistoria ur ett lokalt perspektiv. Det är inte filmerna i sig som står i fokus. Istället diskuteras relationerna mellan de tidiga ambulerande filmförevisarnas program och de lokala sammanhang de kom att ingå i. Filmen introducerades i mindre städer och på landsbygden i folkrörelsernas hägn; i Örebro var det framförallt Arbetareföreningen som hyrde ut sin lokal Stora Åvik till gästande förevisare. När Arbetarekommun startade Örebro-kuriren, öppnade Folkets Park och ordnade cirkusbasarer blev också de viktiga för att förstå hur biograffilmen formades till ett populärt nöje.

This dissertation is a historical and theoretical study of a number of discourses examining colour and cinema during the period 1909 to 1935 (trade press, film reviews, publications on film technology, manuals, catalogues and theoretical texts from the era). In this study, colour in cinema is considered as producing a number of aesthetic and representational questions which are contextualised historically; problems and qualities specifically associated with colour film are examine d in terms of an inter- relationship between historical, technical, industrial, and stylistic factors, as well as specific contemporary conceptions of cinema. The first chapter examines nations concerning the technical, material, as well as perceptual, origins of colour in cinema, and questions concerning indexicality, iconicity, and colour reproduction, through focusing on the relationship between the photographic colour process Kinemacolor, as well as other similar processes, and the established non-photographic colour methods during the early 1910s, with an in-depth analysis of the Catalogue of Kinemacolor Film Subjects, published in 1912. The second chapter examine s nations concerning the stylistic, formal and narrative functions of colour in 'cinema, featuring a survey of the recurring comparisons between colour and sound, found in the writing of film history, in discourses concerning early Technicolor sound films, film technology, experimental films and experiments on synaesthesia during the 1920s, as well as Eisenstein's nations of the functions of colour in sound film montage. The third chapter examines the question of colour and meaning in cinema through considering the relationship between colours and objects in colour film images (polychrome and monochrome, photographic and non-photographic) during the time frame of this study.

As the subject of extensive research in visual arts and literature, landscape has been explored as a vehicle to assert national or artistic supremacy, and for how it forms and reflects cultural values and identities. Instead, this study examines landscape as a site where nationhood and representation is contested and interrogated, and how it can be advanced to reflect on the construction and mediation of such values and identities. Considering the New Hollywood cinema in the late 1960s and early a period marked by an impulse for retrospection and self-examination, the study offers new interpretations of a number of key films of the era. Applying landscape as a concept for analysis and interpretation, it also launches attention to what has remained a largely uncharted field of investigation in film studies.

This doctoral dissertation examines how the symbolic character of a relocated capital city influences and intersects with local conditions to shape the governance structure and relations in service delivery. The focus is on Abuja, the new capital city of Nigeria, and the sector studied is solid waste management. Abuja was planned to avoid the numerous problems facing other Nigerian cities. Contrary to the intention of government and planners, the city now houses the fastest growing slum in the country. There are various possible explanations for these outcomes but this study pays particular attention to the conception of Abuja as a symbol of national unity.

Bio för barnens bästa? Svensk barnfilm som fostran och fritidsnöje under 60 år ser bortom myten om den svenska barnfilmen som "världens bästa". Med hjälp av den moderna barndomsforskningen och Michel Foucaults idéer om makt och kunskap undersöker avhandlingen de idéer om barn och barndom, de barndomsdiskurser, som filmerna rymmer. Begrepp som välviljans förtryck, barnets realism och sunda hjälteideal är i detta sammanhang centrala. Utförliga analyser av Rolf Husbergs BARNEN FRÅN FROSTMOFJÄLLET (1945), Olle Hellboms ALLA VI BARN I BULLERBYN (1960) och Kay Pollaks ELVIS! ELVIS! (1977) sätts i relation till de diskussioner om filmcensur, barnfilm och barnkultur som fördes i press och statliga utredningar vid tiden för respektive films premiär. Därigenom ges en mångfacetterad bild av vad idén om "bio för barnens bästa" inneburit vid olika perioder i den svenska filmhistorien. Avhandlingens avslutande kapitel behandlar även dagens biografrepertoar och diskuterar barnfilmens bromsklossar, ur såväl historiskt som samtida perspektiv. Här tas kraven på lönsamhet upp, liksom den vuxna skräcken för att uppröra barns känsloliv och barnbokens hämmande effekt på biofilmen.

Die vorliegende Studie behandelt Konstruktionen von Weiblichkeit im lyrischen und didaktischen Werk der Herzogin Elisabeth von Braunschweig-Lüneburg (1510-1558). Gezeigt wird, wie in den Schriften dieser Regentin und Reformationsfürstin zeitgenössische Vorstellungen von Geschlecht verschoben und umgedeutet werden, um zu den persönlichen Zielen und Interessen der Herzogin zu passen, und wie Geschlechterrollen in ihrem Werk verhandelt werden. Ausgehend von der aktuellen Theoriediskussion über Subjektivität, Diskurs und Geschlecht wird u.a. herausgearbeitet, wie Elisabeth von Braunschweig-Lüneburg etablierte Textsorten benutzt, um eigene Zwecke zu befördern, und wie sie bekannte Auffassungen von Geschlechterrollen manipuliert, um sich Autorität als Politikerin, Vermittlerin christlicher Werte und vor allem als Schriftstellerin zu verschaffen. Es wird von der Überlegung ausgegangen, dass Subjektivität immer im Dialog mit der Umgebung entsteht und dass Geschlecht (gender) als soziale Konstruktion zu verstehen ist. In Anlehnung an die Theorien Judith Butlers und Joan Wallach Scotts wird gezeigt, wie Elisabeth in ihren Texten zeitgenössische Diskurse aufgreift, um bekannte Frauenrollen in einer Art und Weise aufzuzeigen, bei der Vorstellungen über Weiblichkeit und über die gesellschaftliche Stellung von Frauen kritisch hinterfragt werden. Die Untersuchung konzentriert sich auf eine Anzahl Themenschwerpunkte, die sowohl in Elisabeths Texten als auch in ihrem kulturellen Umfeld von Bedeutung waren. Die Konstruktion der Frau als Autorin, Regentin, Predigerin, Ehegattin, Mutter und Witwe in den Schriften der Herzogin wird analysiert. Die Arbeit präsentiert bisher in der Forschung nicht herausgearbeitete Einsichten über Ambivalenzen in Elisabeths Beschreibungen von Frauen und Weiblichkeit. Nina Johansson (geb. 1978) studierte Anglistik, Germanistik und Pädagogik in Göteborg und Växjö. 2003 M.A. in Germanistik am Department of Germanic Languages and Literatures, Washington University in St. Louis, USA. 2004-2007 Promotionsstudium am Germanistischen Institut der Universität Stockholm.

Why is co-management underperforming in the Lake Victoria fisheries? Co-management was adopted in the Lake Victoria fisheries on the understanding that it has the capacity to provide space in which the poor resource users could be empowered to manage their resource base. The belief was that through co-management, equity in resource access and sustainability could be achieved. However, in spite of these efforts, illegal fishing and poverty in Lake Victoria remain a threat to the long-term sustainability of the fishery. Using the fishing communities of Bukoba Rural district, Tanzania as a case study, the thesis challenges the simplistic approach towards co-management and draws attention to the fact that the international and national politics behind the Nile perch and the cultural and social context in which co-management is implemented are to a large extent shaping its performance. Using the context approach and drawing on the concept of multi-level governance and a variety of research methods, the study concludes that the international and national politics in natural resources and community level conflicts over values and resource rights are negatively impacting co-management performance in Lake Victoria. Adolphine G. Kateka is a researcher at the Department of Human Geography, Stockholm University and at Södertörn University, Department of Life Sciences. This work is her doctoral dissertation.

Svart arbete, informal purchases of work, is a widely debated societal phenomenon in Sweden. It is often seen as detrimental to contemporary welfare society, eroding taxpaying morals, fair competition and solidarity with fellow citizens. Acknowledged as wrong, it is in many instances also an acceptable and commonplace exchange practice. This study addresses this incongruity and aims to show how these inconspicuous exchanges of work are distinguished in terms of legality and licitness. This study is based on ethnographic interviews with a group of middle-aged people in all walks of life, who have their roots in a small town in southern Sweden. In the midst of life and work, they address situations where living in accordance with moral standards becomes difficult. This study aims to illuminate multifaceted reasonings about the illegal but licit purchases made and how people make sense and meaning of them in retrospect and in the larger context of societal economy. The ways in which these purchases of svart arbete are justified illustrate inherent tensions in contemporary welfare society.

This thesis is based on three empirical studies of the director interlock network among Swedish firms listed on the Stockholm Stock Exchange, focusing on its consequences for firm behavior and its association with ownership structures. Director interlocks are created when directors serve on, and hence interlock, several boards. Director interlocks aggregate to a social network that not only connects most firms into a single component, but are, more essentially, also shown to affect firm behavior. The introductory chapter contains a review of the director interlock research as well as some suggestions for future research directions. Study I is an examination of the importance of director interlock relations for stock repurchases. Using parametric survival analysis, it is demonstrated that the decision to repurchase stocks is dependent on both the firms' economic settings and their director interlocks. Study II examines the network impact on recruitment of new board members in the network of firms, directors, and owners. Using simulations, it is shown that directors with personal contact with a director and/or owner of the recruiting firm have a substantially increased probability of being recruited to the focal board. Study III examines the association between ownership and director interlocks. Re-analyses of the same network examined in Study II show that multiple director assignments are highly dependent on ownership interlocks. The three studies exemplify the real-world consequences of board interlocks and field a new understanding of the mechanisms behind their formation. Furthermore, the association between the director and ownership interlock suggests that the ownership network (co-)produces some of the phenomena that have been attributed to the director network. These results underscore the need for further examination of director interlocks to bring the owners back into the analysis.

Denna avhandling handlar om utövare av orientalisk dans i Stockholm i början av 2000-talet. Studien fokuserar elever och lärare på kurser, med uppmärksamheten främst riktad mot den majoritet kvinnor som väljer att dansa orientaliskt utan att själva ha nära band med Mellanöstern eller Nordafrika. Vad är det som får dessa kvinnor att välja att utöva just orientalisk dans? Vad får de ut av det? Vilken är deras relation till Mellanöstern, den plats som betraktas som den orientaliska dansens hemvist? I avhandlingen beskrivs och analyseras utövandet av orientalisk dans på kurser och vid uppträdanden i Stockholm. I studien ingår också en skildring av några svenska dansares resa till Libanon. Det finns olika uppfattningar om hur orientalisk dans ska tolkas. Många dansare betraktar den som en skön träningsform som passar även för kroppar som inte motsvarar gängse västerländska skönhetsideal. I andra sammanhang kan dansformen betraktas som nästan liktydig med striptease. I avhandlingen diskuteras den komplexa relationen mellan å ena sidan de aktivas erfarenheter av att dansa och å andra sidan de olika sätten att beskriva och förstå kvinnlighet, Orienten och orientalisk dans. Karin Högström är etnolog och verksam vid Stockholms universitet.

This thesis discusses the phonology of sentence level intonation in Stockholm Swedish. Unlike most other Germanic languages Swedish and Norwegian use pitch to convey both lexical and sentence level information. As is well known from previous research, the combination of lexical tones and sentence level tones create two levels of tonal prominence in Stockholm Swedish, a distinction which is more difficult to make in other Germanic languages. These facts make Stockholm Swedish typologically interesting in several ways. Both the function and the phonological properties of the prominence levels are discussed in the thesis, special attention being paid to the higher prominence level. It is argued that this prominence level is used not only to mark focus, but also to mark left edges of phonological constituents. The thesis also explores the variety of pitch contours that are found at the right edges of phonological constituents, showing that there is more variation after the nuclear accent than generally assumed in previous models. In Stockholm Swedish both right and left edges of phonological constituents can be identified. This allows us to observe the phonological branching in intonation, and to separate it from the syntactic branching. There is evidence that phonological structure can be recursive, and that it distinguishes between coordination and embedding. While we can see that syntactic branching imposes constraints on phonological branching, there is no absolute isomorphy between the two types of structure.

What happens to alcohol consumption and alcohol-related consequences when the availability of cheaper alcohol increases? The availability increased as Sweden gradually adapted its traveller's allowances to the European Union standard. This made it easier to buy larger amounts in e.g. Denmark and Germany, where alcohol prices are lower. Additionally, Denmark decreased the tax on spirits, decreasing prices further. The economic literature has a clear expectation; linking demand to price, people are expected to buy and consume more when alcohol becomes less expensive. The present dissertation studied the effects of these rational incitements - increased availability and lower price - on purchasing and consuming more alcohol and thus experiencing more alcohol-related consequences, but found that the people expected to take most advantage of these changes did not behave as predicted. At the same time, people further away from the border increased their consumption. Thus, there are many factors affecting people's decisions and changing patterns, some of which are discussed here. Nina-Katri Gustafsson is a sociologist. Her doctoral work was on alcohol patterns and alcohol-related consequences in relation to policy changes. The work was carried out at the Centre for Social Research on Alcohol and Drugs (SoRAD), Stockholm University.

Este volumen recoge una serie de artículos en homenaje a la Dra. Diana Bravo, profesora de la Universidad de Estocolmo y directora del Programa Internacional EDICE (Estudios sobre el Discurso de la Cortesía en Español), con motivo de su sexagésimo aniversario. Los investigadores que han querido de este modo manifestarle su reconocimiento académico y profesional contribuyen con trabajos originales sobre diferentes ámbitos de la pragmática sociocultural, de la lingüística y de los estudios culturales.

The materials examined here consist of 121 Russian letters dating from 1700-1715. The present study aims to define a stage in linguistic evolution and analyze the morphological heterogeneity in the textual corpus. The letters are divided into three categories: private, semiofficial, and official. All nomina (substantives, adjectives, pronouns, and numerals) are registered and their occurrences processed statistically case by grammatical case. The focus is on linguistic features where a choice is possible and variation is in evidence. Conservatism asserts itself primarily in strongly standardized texts such as the official correspondence, while phonetic spelling reflecting akanie and dialectally influenced syncretism between different cases (e.g., the GDLsg) is observable mainly in the private letters, which consitute the least standardized category. There is a trend break among u-genitives and u-locatives, where our findings indicate that the u-ending is losing ground. A statistically established correlation between declensional type and the presence/absence of a coordinated adjunct is noted in the instrumental plural of masculine o-, jo-stems. The choice of the archaizing Ipl-ending suggests that repetition of the -mi- element is perceived to be redundant. In the singular paradigm of the adjective the feminine instrumental forms are strongly conservative, and the modern short ending occurs in only a few instances. In the nominative plural the modern ending -ye, -ie dominates for all cases and in all letter categories. The use of samyj for the comparative degree is not particularly prominent in these 18th-century letters. Because this descriptive comparison type developed in the 17th century, its use could have been expected to rise in the 18th, but our materials do not indicate any such increase. With few exceptions, pronouns generally display forms corresponding to modern usage. One notable deviation is the occurrence of a pronoun with an adjectival ending in the genitive singular (tago), but it is an idiosyncratic feature. Numerals for the most part correspond to modern usage, although their low frequency does not invite generalizations.

The lesbian subculture in Moscow is a unique heterogeneous space of social interaction and cultural production that incorporates cultural flows and traditions that are a part of Russian mainstream culture, other Russian subcultures, and global cultural flows. Some of these cultural flows and traditions are more compatible than other ones. The increasingly globalized images and ideas of what a gay and lesbian community is, or perhaps should be like, are only partially compatible with contemporary reality in Russia. The high value placed on visibility and explicitly political, even radical activism, in gay and lesbian subcultures in the West, must in Russia be reconciled not only with the totalitarian past, and the increasingly authoritarian present, but also with the traditions and practices that developed as a response to the repressive regime and enabled people to live and even thrive within it. However, the subculture is not only an intersection of external cultural flows, it also has its own unique traditions, knowledges and practices. Poetry, music, literature and art form the backbone of the flow of activities within the lesbian subculture. Visual and grammatical cues, styles, jokes and lesbian genders are integral aspects of the subculture as it is continuously renegotiated by its participants also on an individual level. The study is based on fieldwork, participant observation and interviews, mainly in Moscow, and to some extent in St Petersburg, during 2005 with recurring visits during 2006 and 2007.