Springer Editions – förlag

A large number of cardiovascular diseases are accompanied by inflammation. This volume on the molecular basis of microcirculatory disorders gives a comprehensive summary of key steps in the inflammatory cascade. Leading investigators present a state-of-the-art analysis of the molecular determinants of leukocyte-endothelial cell adhesion, mechanotransduction in endothelial and inflammatory cells, mechanisms of cell activation, microvascular apoptosis with applications to ischemia-reperfusion in the brain, the heart and in venous disease, diabetes and hypertension. The book provides the latest thinking in these important cardiovascular problems, with the most contemporary literature and a look at the increasingly complex events during inflammation. Molecular biology tools, microvascular and modern bioengineering analysis are seamlessly integrated into the analysis of clinical problems. The book helps not only newcomers to gain entry into the interesting problems associated with microvascular disorders, but lays the foundation for the design of new therapeutic interventions.

Ronald J. Furlong of the United Kingdom per­ the short term with this method of biologic fixation formed the first clinical implantation of a hydroxy­ of total joint implants has withstood the test of time. apatite-coated (HA) hip implant in 1985, about 18 Our thanks are due to the authors of chapters in this volume for the effort they made to write and years ago. This was followed in 1986 by other HA submit their work to us in a timely fashion. These clinical implantations conducted by the ARTRO Group in France and Rudolf Geesink in the Nether­ authors, working in Europe, the United States, lands. Following these pioneers, many thousands of Japan, and Australia, do not all use English as their first language. Many made great efforts to provide HA-coated hip implants of various designs, from us with English language documents. Where we various implant manufacturers, have been implanted felt the language was unclear, we made only those worldwide, by many surgeons at many institutions. minor changes needed to facilitate understanding. The coating technology has expanded to include the For manuscripts submitted in a language other than revision setting in the hip, as well as unicompart­ English, we employed professional interpretation, mental knees, total knees, shoulders, and an assort­ and then made editorial changes if the content was ment of minor joint implants. unclear to us.

In all, the European Space Agency (ESA) has developed 60 spacecrafts over the last few decades. Some of these, such as the ERS satellites and Envisat, are dedicated to monitoring the Earthand providing vital data on the health status of our planet. Other spacecraft have helped to improve the accuracy of weather forecasting. Galileo, the joint ESA/EU satellite navigation p- gramme, demonstrates the political dimension of space as service-provider for the bene?t of European citizens. While these missions involve utilitarian space activities, others are devoted to either exploring the solar system, - cluding the Sun, or achieving a better understanding of the Universe and the cosmic beginnings. Theorbitsofthesesatellitescoverawiderange(Sun-synchronous,geos- tionary, highly eccentric, at Lagrange points, etc.) so that a complete novice may be astonished when tackling the space technology ?eld. The main credit of Michel Capderou’s book is to take the reader (whether it be a student, an engineer or a research scientist) progressively from the basic Kepler laws to the most complex equations of space mechanics. His educational concern has led him to propose many examples and graphicalillustrations from ESA, but alsofromthe American,Russian,Indian,Japaneseor evenChinese space agencies. These programmes provide scienti?c insights and moreover appear to fascinate the general public, in particular the younger generation. Those wishing to understand the orbital mechanisms behind these programmes will ?nd the explanations they seek in this book.

It gives us great pleasure to write the preface to this book, the second in the series of monographs produced by the European Academy of Rehabilitation Medicine. No part of medicine, no clinical intervention, is complete without thinking about its effect on the person’s life and the quality thereof. One of the most powerful determinants of this is work; a source not only of income, but of satisfaction and a sense of purpose and worth. The Academy, founded in 1969, is composed of senior European doctors spec- lising in Rehabilitation and Physical Medicine. It meets regularly to discuss matters of importance in the field, including teaching, research and ethical matters. It recognises that the ability of the speciality and of related ones to decrease dependency and increase autonomy and quality of life needs to be better known. Hence the production of these monographs. They will help readers access a vast amount of literature on the practice of rehabilitation and its effectiveness. Theyshould be particularly useful to young doctors preparing for the European Boards certification in Physical and Rehabilitation Medicine as they are authoritative and cover subjects in depth. Topics covered in the series range from basic sciences to the most applied areas.

For a long time, forefoot surgery had many disadvantages including a painful postoperative period and recurrence of deformities. New techniques – notably Scarf, the first metatarsal osteotomy and the Weil osteotomy of the lesser metatarsal – provide a significant improvement in the treatment of static forefoot disorders. The great toe osteotomy has also been greatly improved. Since 1991, the author has introduced these techniques in many countries, while developing and studying the corresponding implants and the postoperative period. He has also developed surgical management techniques that bridge these different osteotomies. More than 1000 surgeons around the world are using these techniques, which are now widely taught. In this second edition of the book the general presentation is clearer and more pleasant and many pictures have been replaced. Several topics are emphasized, notably the great toe proximal phalanx osteotomy, the joint preservative surgery in severe forefoot disorders, including revision after failed bunionectomy and rheumatoid forefoot following the "ms” point for an accurate and effective metatarsal shortening. Lastly, new procedures are exposed, particularly in Claw toe and hammer with the PIP plantar release and the surgery of the middle phalanx and also the Weil osteotomy of the first metatarsal in hallux limitus.

Research in Interactive Design presents an in-depth study of new product design methods. Interactive design is an original structured design approach that has recently emerged from transversal research. On the research side, the topic of interactive design is the fruitful result of sophisticated joint studies combining specific numerical engineering theories, original development in design science and industrial engineering, new discoveries in mechatronics and advanced mechanical engineering methods. Additionally, industry benefits from interactive design instruments. Interactive design is a constructive approach that tends to ensure innovation by improving user-integration in the design process, fostering the development of virtual prototypes and providing new powerful ways for collaborative design activities. Interactive design instruments are seen as the extension of traditional CAD tools.This book provides an accurate overview of the recent research or industrial application in interactive design. The different arguments, taken from the international conference Virtual Concept 2005, will provide the reader with some advanced solutions concerning new methods and tools by discussing:- modelling techniques: new techniques ensuring the development of high qualified, updated and reduced models being able to represent the behaviour of a process or a product in its environment;- design solution space exploration: specific instruments dedicated to the identification of suitable design solutions and their virtual representation allowing engineers to have interaction with the virtual worlds;- interactive process organization: studies highlighting the basic evolutions of a process integrating new instruments of interactive design.Each subsequent part of the book addresses both advanced techniques and industrial applications of the latest successful research in interactive design. The solutions presented are enhanced by demonstrations of real industrial problem-solving. The different chapters strongly highlight novel solutions for supporting decision-making in a huge field of engineering: product design, manufacturing and assembly, training and risk prevention, Robotics, design for customers, mechanical engineering, etc.In this book, whether a researcher or an industrialist, the reader will find the most recent interactive design techniques and is sure to extract some significant concepts.

The author of this multimedia work sets himself an ambitious goal: to allow a surgeon to achieve the revision of a prosthesis without too many difficulties (or too much apprehension!) with guaranteed results if he follows the proposed method step by step, and this, even if he is not very experienced in this discipline.To fulfil this purpose, the author provides a clear definition of the press-fit concept (principles and practical applications) and from there, he offers a logical and rigorous method for, first of all, planning the surgery, and then, performing it.The written text is also available as a computerized slide show, coming with a browsing system in order to make a pre-operative planning, which gives real pedagogic value to the whole of this work.

As Ambient Intelligence (AmI) ecosystems are rapidly becoming a reality, they raise new research challenges. Unlike predefined static architectures as we know them today, AmI ecosystems are bound to contain a large number of heterogeneous computing, communication infrastructures and devices that will be dynamically assembled. Architectures will be sensitive, adaptive, context-aware and responsive to users‚ needs and habits.Researchers need to both enable their user-friendly application in a growing number of areas while ensuring that these applications remain reliable and secure. Held in Sophia Antipolis (France) from September the 20th to September the 22nd 2006, the first edition of the AmI.d conference tackled the latest research challenges within AmI ecosystems, presented AmI applications as well as security solutions. The AmI.d conference featured an international programme committee, co-chaired by Professor Antonio Maña (University of Màlaga) and Dr. Volkmar Lotz (SAP). Professor Javier Lopez (University of Màlaga) served as General Chair and Mr Richard Bricaire (Strategies Telecoms and Multimedia) was the Organization Chair. This volume gathers all the papers selected by the Program Committee. Authors coming from renowned universities and industry research centres contributed to draw a comprehensive state-of-the-art in AmI applications and security research. Among others, the reader will find in-depth analysis of the following topics: - AmI in smart homes, - Distributed coordination, - Resource optimization, - Security, - Software engineering techniques applied to AmI, - Design of context-aware ambient services, - Context-aware Trust. Besides the research track, the AmI.d conference encompassed an open-track whose proceedings are available for download on the web: www.amidconference.org.

Research in Interactive Design Vol. 2 provides an overview of a wide range of original research and engineering activities related to high-realistic multi-sensorial virtual prototyping dedicated to the improvement of industrial innovation. It is time for usual design and manufacturing support systems to change. Innovation requires industry to have new techniques that enable the rapid emergence of creative ideas, the development of low cost solutions, and the creation of technical consensus immediately to market and economic requirements. Virtuality should be used as early as possible in the industrial process permitting experts to rapidly explore solution spaces,to accurately study draft solutions in their future environment in a high-realistic way and to assess sketch product efficiency with futur product end-users. Interactive methods, tools and processes respond to these expectations. Interactive design and manufacturing covers a wide spectrum of multidisciplinary research largely represented in this book where you will find in-depth details related to: reduced modelling techniques: a new approach to extended and adaptive behavioural simulation development, embedded mechatronic instruments: a new approach multi-sensorial simulation implementation, interactive decision making in innovation: a new socio-technical analysis and process. In this book,both researchers and industrialists will discover the most recent interactive design techniques, and are certain to walk away with new understanding of important concepts.

International Congress for Infectious Diseases, Rio de Janeiro - April 17-21, 1988. F.-A. Waldvogel, President

Both engineers and physicians present possible tools of integration in order to build an ISCAMI. A radiologist, who wants to acquire a PACS, or a mathematician asking for pertinent applications of image processing techniques will find recent information guiding their choice in research or in acquisition of imaging or computing devices of a hospital information system.

Jean-Claude Rambaud The place occupied today in basic and clinical research by intestinal disease related to Clostridium difficile is such that it is hard to remember that this range of disorders was completely identified only in 1977-1978, even though pieces of the puzzle had been identified much earlier. A brief historical review of the discovery of the enteropathogenicity of C. difficile in man might thus be useful. The bacterium was described in 1935 in the stools of infants, using the name Bacillus difficilis [7]. Until 1977, the microorganism, renamed C. difficile, considered to be of endogenous origin, was isolated only in rare cases of abscess or infection, most often unrelated to the digestive tract. Its role in genito-urinary infections [6] was not confirmed. However, the frequency of infant healthy carriers was recognized from the outset [7, 13]. Pseudo-membranous colitis (PMC) was described in 1883 following a gastroenterostomy. Many cases of this condition were published subsequently before the antibiotic era, describing various risk factors [4]. However the disease began to flourish only with the increasingly wide use of antibiotics. Antibiotic­ associated PMC was first described as an enterocolitis, though with little pathological evidence. It was principally related to the use of chloramphenicol and tetracyclines and attributed to proliferation of Staphylococcus au reus [ 11], a concept strengthened by the spectacular therapeutic action of vancomycin.

Hysteroscopy is now an essential part of contemporary gynecologic practice. This is true in both the office set­ ting as well as in the hospital operating room. Office hysteroscopy gives the practitioner the ability to obtain direct information of uterine pathology, with minimal discomfort, minimal risk and minimal cost to the pa­ tient. Furthermore, with modem small diameter instruments, hysteroscopy performed on an ambulatory basis provides immediate visual diagnosis in a true minimally invasive fashion. Similarly, operative hysteroscopy using newer endoscopes allows the surgeon to perform both simple and advanced uterine surgery with uterine preservation and fertility preservation. Evidence now clearly indicates that operative hysteroscopy gives ex­ cellent results, and is the minimally invasive surgical procedure of choice for the treatment of the septate uterus, intrauterine adhesions, endometrial polyps, intracavitary uterine fibroids and for the treatment of ab­ normal uterine bleeding by endometrial ablation. This volume of office and operative hysteroscopy written and assembled by Drs. B. Blanc and R. Marty is a comprehensive, practical text by experts in the field that covers all of the above aspects of diagnostic hysteroscopy and hysteroscopic surgery. The possibility of visualizing the interior of the uterus has interested physicians and intrigued gynecologists for over a century.

Human African Trypaniosomiasis (HAT) or sleeping sickness is an old disease to be now considered as reemergent. HAT is endemic in 36 sub-Saharan African countries, in areas where tsetse flies are found. The public health importance of HAT is underestimated, but the disease causes severe social disruption in many rural areas. Along the past fifteen years, numerous studies were made, and now, the mechanisms involved in the disease pathogenesis and in the characteristics of sleep-wake disruption become to be better understood. But, since 50 years, when current drugs were introduced, problems regarding HAT chemotherapy have not been solved. Nevertheless, in-depth studies about trypanosome metabolism have permitted to discover new drug targets. Written by specialists who are very experienced in their respective fields, the contributions provide an indispensable tool for practitioners and scientists.

Virtual endoscopy progressively enters the real world The development of virtual reality is one of the most striking features of our Western societies. Beside chil­ dren games and movies, its scope has expanded to medical imaging through 3D CT scan surface or volume re­ constructions. Whatever the site clinicians are able to perform real endoscopy (RE), radiologists can now also provide virtual endoscopy (VE) images. VE enters our medical practice. The next question is to weigh the pros and cons. VE has the unique advantage to offer high-quality images obtained through a noninvasive and well-tolera­ ted procedure performed in outpatients. Compared to RE, it carries no risk of bleeding, perforation or trans­ mission of viruses. Importantly, VE can pass high-grade stenoses affecting large bowel, urinary tract or tra­ cheobronchial tree, and visualize areas hard to visit by optic fibers such as intracranial regions. 3D VE images can be commented with patients, and this might reduce potential misunderstanding and its medico-legal consequences. Last but not least, VE is the sole alternative offered both to those who refuse RE, and to severely ill elderly patients. Then, should we consider VE as the Deus ex machina of modem medical imaging - with CT scan as rna­ china - ? Clearly, the answer is no, given VE knows severals limits and pitfalls. One of the most important me­ rits of this book is to discuss honestly these aspects. First, VE will never allow to perform biopsies or resections.

This book is based on the experience of an European Network on Congenital Toxoplasmosis which associates more than 50 European specialized Centers from 17 diferent European Countries. Some American colleagues among the best specialists in the world also collaborate to this book which gives the most recent data on congenital toxoplasmosis in epidemiology, biology, clinical symptoms, diagnostic, treatment and prevention.

This is the third volume of our series Progress in Anti-Cancer Chemo­ therapy. Following the strategy of the first two volumes, it covers selected aspects of progress in this fast moving field of Oncology, with contribu­ tions from some of the world's best known leaders in both basic and clin­ ical research. This year we focused on seven areas: Three prominent Clinical investigators reviewed conceptual advances in cancer research. Dr Buzdar presented a history and overview of the protection of human subjects who participate in clinical research, and the mechanisms developed to assure the ethical conduct of research on human beings. Frei reviewed an exciting and rapidly moving area of che­ motherapy of solid tumors, including a cogent discussion of the issues related to dose-intensification. Fisher summarized conceptual advances in our therapeutic approach to breast cancer and the paradigm shifts that lead us to our current management strategies. From this summary he pro­ jected breast cancer research into the future, a daunting task under any circumstance. Fundamental research in cancer biology has been responsible for our improved understanding of the development and progession of malignant disease. Such understanding will lead to improved diagnosis, therapy, and eventually, prevention. Isaacs reviews the area of hereditary breast cancer, a topic undergoing rapid transformation and with mUltiple impli­ cations in the daily practice of medicine. Fidler, an international expert in metastasis research reviews the potential utility of angiogenesis inhib­ itors in research and the therapeutic ramifications.

The main themes presented in this volume are exercise intolerance and muscle contracture. This comprehensive and updated volume allows neurologists, specialists in internal medicine, rheumatologists, pathologists, biochemists, physiatrists and all researchers interested in neuromuscular diseases to become familiar with many new and homogen data concerning exercise intolerance and muscle contracture.

The aim of this book is to present basic and advanced mathematical concepts using the graphical and traditional calculator, the TI 92 and the TI 89. These mathematical concepts are commonly taught at some stage of the first three years of college curricula; Analysis (approximations, convergence, differential equations, etc.) Linear Algebra (orthogonality, reduction, etc.). The idea behind this book is totally original and will teach the reader not only all the necessary theorems and examples, but illustrations of the calculator screens and the programs (short versions) will allow the reader to visualize these new concepts directly from the book, or on the calculator, leading to a better understanding through "seeing" and "touching" the mathematical lesson being taught.

Scientific knowledge may be communicated in the written form or orally. Written communication (medical writing) usually takes the form of original or research papers, which appear in scientific journals. Oral communication in medicine is usually made during a meeting and is often called a free paper. Oral medical communication abides by certain rules. The objectives of this book are to examine and discuss these rules. Oral medical communication involves taking the floor to speak, whether it be as a speaker, the person who gives the talk in front of an audience, or as part of the audience, who can then ask questions or make comments. The go­ between is called the moderator. Some forms of oral communication are more specific to meetings with a large audience: free papers, panel discussions or roundtables, posters, and videos. Others are more characteristic of smaller audiences: hospital staff meet­ ings, or literature update sessions. Educational talks have a didactic goal and resemble a lecture, for instance, in a course, or are closer to a case report, when they are given during a small class get-together.

This is the fourth volume of the series Progress in Anti-Cancer Therapy. This volume mainly covers: five types of cancer (breast, prostate, bladder, lymphoma and ovarian), the role of HIV and HTLV in cancer, and some developmental pharmacology and behavioral issues. It particularly focuses on one of the most common cancers: prostate cancer. Other covered points are: review of all trials reported in order to update our practices in bladder cancer; description of new drugs which should be integrated in the treatment of metastatic breast cancer, a summary of conceptual advances on our therapeutic approach to none-metastatic breast cancer; excellent review of the current knowledge and perspectives on the treatment of ovarian cancer; description of the state of the art regarding the use of sentinel node biopsy in melanoma patients and on the same hand an exhaustive overview on the emerging new drugs for the treatment of human lymphomas.

PRESIDENTIAL ADDRESS There is no doubt that the content of this EAES Consensus Development Conferences (CDC's) booklet represents an extremely important contribution to answering the following questions: which area of endoscopic surgery requires quality assurance ? what methodology should be employed ? what further action is required ? In order to try to answer these questions, the Executive Office of the EAES decided to appoint an "ad hoc" working group which started its activity in 1993. Under the Presidency of Professor Hans Troidl and the scientific mandate of Professor Edmund Neugebauer the Consensus Development Conferences appea­ red as one of the essential educational programmes of the EAES. These were orga­ nized thanks to the scientific and secretarial assistance of the 2nd Department of Surgery, University of Cologne. Besides the appointed chairperson, each Conference was led by a clinical chairman who included surgical experts from various countries of Europe: J. Perissat, W. Wayand, A. Fingerhut, A. Paul, E. Eypasch, C.K. Kum. Of course the EAES Congress Presidents and the panel members should be ack­ nowledged for their important input in the Consensus Conferences. From 1994 to 1998 six themes of endoscopic surgery have been assessed and their recommendation were presented and discussed during the European Congresses held in Madrid, Trondheim, Istanbul and in the World Congress Rome 98.

During the last 10-12 years, the research on homocysteine has become very active. About 1500 of articles are now published each year on homocysteine and the vitamins involved in its metabolism. A disturbed homocysteine metabolism can be an underlying factor for pregnancy complications and fetal malformations, cardiovascular disease, dementia, psychiatric and neurologic disorders and possibly carcinogenesis. A disturbed homocysteine metabolism can in most cases be normalised by treatment with folate and/or vitamines B12 and B6. Many of these findings therefore directly concern most practitioners. However, if there are good reviews covering single aspects of this research, these are published in specialised journals. The author has realised the difficulties for the practitioner in keeping updated. This second edition has been thoroughly updated and also offers more data on the vitamins. Over 1600 references are made available.

This book, the result of close collaboration between two very specialized centers, one in spinal surgery, the other in oncology, was written to take stock of the current data on vertebral metastases. It is intended as both a pratical guide for all those involved in this field of care and a didactic reference for those who are less familiar with either of these specialties. All aspects of current knowledge of metastases are considered. Regarding diagnostics, MRI is at present indispensable and nessecitates a broad iconography. In the therapeutics section, so as to restituate vertebral metastasis in its proper general context, a chapter is devoted to the particularities of the treatment in terms of the primary cancer. This is fundamental since the sensitivity of tumors to systemic treatment is clearly not the same from one case to another. The role of surgery in vertebral metastases has changed completely over the last ten years with the increasing use osteosynthesis combined with decompressive procedures.The explanation of these techniques and their indications is largely based upon providing a suitable response to the mechanical problems posed at each location in the spinal column. Vertebroplasty and biphosphonates, two recent additions to the therapeutic armamentarium are detailed, along with conventional treatments such as radiation therapy and the comprehensive approach to pain management. In the present context of technological advances against vertebral metastases, physicians must not lose sight of the patient as an individual. This imperative prompted us to include a chapter on nursing and psychological cared. Another chapter addresses the continuity of care, placing responsability for the patient's management at present solely in the hands of a multidisciplinary team. A methodological review of the literature concludes that there still remains much work to be done for better assessment of the responsability for the welfare of these patients. Two leading US spinal surgeons have accepted to endorse this manuscript: J.P. Farcy and N. Sundaresan. The question of their contributing to the book was naturally raised.However, it seemed preferable to preserve the homogenous spirit driving the original group of collaborators.

Primary and incisional ventral hernias are common conditions often encountered in surgical practice. Because of the frequency of this problem it has come to be managed by surgeons in general, regardless of the type of hospital or the conditions dealt with in their daily practice. Laparoscopic surgery has demonstrated to have an important role among the different technique described to repair ventral hernia with less recurrent rate, less morbidity and less overall cost than open conventional repair, with all the advange of the laparoscopic approach. As a result the indications for this surgical technique are currently being debated since the advantages are evident and progressive implementation is ensured. Now is the time to analyze the usefulness, results, technical variants, anatomic, physiologic and scientific basis and implications involved in implementation of laparoscopy as the technique of choice.

This book is a valuable addition to the extensive literature on inguinal hernias, a topic of great interest for all general surgeons. It describes the most up-to-date prosthetic open techniques in the treatment of inguinal hernias, including onlay and inlay procedures. Starting with the Lichtenstein technique, which allowed for the successful and widespread use of the prosthesis technique, the most widely used surgical procedures are described by leading experts in the field. Special attention has been paid to the illustrations and photographs. This book is a useful resource for medical and surgery students, general surgeons, and all those interested in the area of surgery of hernias.

This book groups the main advances in material forming, considering different p- cesses (conventional and non-conventional) focusing in polymers, composites and metals, that are analyzed from the state of the art, describing the most significant recent advances and identifying the present challenges from the experimental, modeling and numerical points of view. Chapters include a large list of references and have been wr- ten by recognized specialists. Special emphasis is devoted to the contributions of the European Scientific Association on Material Forming (ESAFORM) during the last 10 years (1998-2007) and in particular the ones coming from its annual international conference. The first chapter includes an excellent introduction to the Esaform association (please visit www.esaform.org for further information). We hope that this book will be valuable for all the readers, and it is specially addr- sed to young researchers trying to define the state of the art or identifying the open p- blems in the different areas covered by this book.

To improve quality of life for cancer patients has been the endeavour of the author for the past 25 years in rehabilitation and palliation. To maintain quality of life is an important challenge not only for health aftercare service, but also in palliative and terminal situations. The invasiveness of some of the current therapies and the restricted life expectancy of many patients led to the change in therapeutic paradigms. Rehabilitation and palliation have become an essential part of modern comprehensive cancer care. There are many excellent text books in cancer management which provide therapeutic recommendations thereby influencing the disease. Quality of life is now the second parameter after survival used to evaluate the effectiveness of first line oncologial therapies and is still the first parameter of most therapies in the case of recurrence. It contains experiences of the author and specific instructions how to assess, treat and evaluate rehabilitative and palliative measures.