Netter's Neuroscience Flash Cards

DAVID L. FELTEN, MD, PhD, is Assoc. Dean of Clinical Sciences and Prof. Neurosciences at UMHS. He's former VP for Research and Medical Director of Research at William Beaumont Health System and Founding Associate Dean for their School of Medicine. He previously served as Dean of Grad Med Ed at Seton Hall; Founding Executive Director of the Susan Samueli Center for Integrative Medicine and Prof of Anatomy and Neurobiology at UC Irvine; Founding Director of the Center for Neuroimmunology at Loma Linda School of Medicine; and the Kilian J. and Caroline F. Schmitt Professor and Chair of Department of Neurobiology, and Director of Markey Charitable Trust Institute for Neurobiology and Neurodegenerative Diseases and Aging at U of Rochester. His pioneering studies of autonomic innervation of lymphoid organs and neural-immune signaling underling psychoneuroimmunology has been featured on Bill Moyer's, "Healing and the Mind,” "20/20,” and many other media venues. He served for over a decade on NBME, including Chair of the Neurosciences Committee for the USMLE.

• 1 Overview of the Nervous System Plates 1-1 to 1-641-22 Anatomy of the Basal Surface of the Brain, with the Brain Stem and Cerebellum Removed1-23 Brain Imaging: Computed Tomography Scans, Coronal and Sagittal1-24 Brain Imaging: Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Axial and Sagittal T1-Weighted Images1-25 Brain Imaging: Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Axial and Sagittal T2-Weighted Images1-26 Horizontal Brain Sections Showing the Basal Ganglia1-27 Major Limbic Forebrain Structures1-28 Color Imaging of the Corpus Callosum by Diffusion Tensor Imaging1-29 Hippocampal Formation and Fornix1-30 Thalamic Anatomy1-31 Thalamic Nuclei1-32 Brain Stem Surface Anatomy: Posterolateral View1-33 Brain Stem Surface Anatomy: Anterior View1-34 Cerebellar Anatomy: Internal Features1-35 Spinal Column: Bony Anatomy1-36 Spinal Cord: Gross Anatomy In Situ1-37 Spinal Cord: Its Meninges and Spinal Roots1-38 Spinal Cord: Cross-Sectional Anatomy In Situ1-39 Spinal Cord: White and Gray Matter1-40 Ventricular Anatomy1-41 Ventricular Anatomy in Coronal Forebrain Section1-42 Anatomy of the Fourth Ventricle: Lateral View1-43 Magnetic Resonance Imaging of the Ventricles: Axial and Coronal Views1-44 Circulation of the Cerebrospinal Fluid1-45 Arterial Supply to the Brain and Meninges1-46 Common Sites of Cerebrovascular Occlusive Disease1-47 Arterial Distribution to the Brain: Basal View1-48 Arterial Distribution to the Brain: Cutaway Basal View Showing the Circle of Willis1-49 Arterial Distribution to the Brain: Coronal Forebrain Section1-50 Circle of Willis: Schematic Illustration and Vessels In Situ1-51 Arterial Distribution to the Brain: Lateral and Medial Views1-52 Magnetic Resonance Angiography: Coronal Full Vessel View1-53 Vertebrobasilar Arterial System1-54 Arterial Blood Supply to the Spinal Cord: Longitudinal View1-55 Arterial Supply to the Spinal Cord: Cross-Sectional View1-56 Meninges and Superficial Cerebral Veins1-57 Venous Sinuses1-58 Magnetic Resonance Venography1-59 Neurulation1-60 Neural Tube Development and Neural Crest Formation1-61 Development of Peripheral Axons1-62 Early Brain Development: 36-Day-Old Embryo1-63 Early Brain Development: 49-Day-Old Embryo and 3-Month-Old Embryo1-64 Development of the Ventricles2 Regional Neuroscience Plates 2-1 to 2-992-1 Spinal Cord and PNS Schematic2-2 Anatomy of a Peripheral Nerve2-3 Cutaneous Receptors2-4 Neuromuscular Junction2-5 Dermatomal Distribution2-6 Cutaneous Distribution of Peripheral Nerves2-7 Cutaneous Nerves of the Head and Neck2-8 Phrenic Nerve2-9 Brachial Plexus2-10 Cutaneous Innervation of the Upper Limb from Peripheral Nerves2-11 Scapular, Axillary, and Radial Nerves above the Elbow2-12 Radial Nerve in the Forearm2-13 Musculocutaneous Nerve2-14 Median Nerve2-15 Ulnar Nerve2-16 Lumbar Plexus2-17 Sacral and Coccygeal Plexuses2-18 Femoral and Lateral Femoral Cutaneous Nerves2-19 Obturator Nerve2-20 Sciatic and Posterior Femoral Cutaneous Nerves2-21 Tibial Nerve2-22 Common Peroneal Nerve2-23 Schematic of the Autonomic Nervous System2-24 Autonomic Distribution to the Head and Neck-Medial View2-25 Autonomic Distribution to the Head and Neck-Lateral View2-26 Autonomic Distribution to the Eye2-27 Thoracic Sympathetic Chain and Splanchnic Nerves2-28 Innervation of the Tracheobronchial Tree2-29 Innervation of the Heart2-30 Abdominal Nerves and Ganglia2-31 Nerves of the Esophagus2-32 Nerves of the Stomach and Duodenum2-33 Nerves of the Small Intestine2-34 Nerves of the Large Intestine2-35 Enteric Nervous System2-36 Autonomic Innervation of the Liver and Biliary Tract2-37 Autonomic Innervation of the Pancreas2-38 Innervation of the Adrenal Gland2-39 Nerves of the Kidneys, Ureters, and Urinary Bladder2-40 Innervation of the Male Reproductive Organs2-41 Innervation of the Female Reproductive Organs2-42 Cytoarchitecture of the Spinal Cord Gray Matter2-43 Spinal Cord Cross Sections 1 (C7, T7)2-44 Spinal Cord Cross Sections 2 (L4, S2)2-45 Spinal Cord Imaging2-46 Spinal Somatic Reflex Pathways2-47 Muscle and Joint Receptors and Muscle Spindles2-48 Brain Stem Cross Section: Medulla-Spinal Cord Transition2-49 Brain Stem Cross Section: Medulla at the Level of the Obex2-50 Brain Stem Cross Section: Medulla at the Level of the Inferior Olive2-51 Brain Stem Cross Section: Medulla at the Level of CN X and the Vestibular Nuclei2-52 Brain Stem Cross Section: Medullo-Pontine Junction2-53 Brain Stem Cross Section: Pons at the Level of the Facial Nucleus2-54 Brain Stem Cross Section: Pons at the Level of the Genu of the Facial Nerve2-55 Brain Stem Cross Sections: Pons at the Level of the Trigeminal Motor and Main Sensory Nuclei2-56 Brain Stem Cross Section: Pons-Midbrain Junction2-57 Brain Stem Cross Section: Midbrain at the Level of the Inferior Colliculus2-58 Brain Stem Cross Section: Midbrain at the Level of the Superior Colliculus and Geniculate Nuclei2-59 Brain Stem Cross Section: Midbrain-Diencephalic Junction2-60 Brain Stem Arterial Syndromes2-61 Cranial Nerves: Basal View of the Brain2-62 Cranial Nerves and Their Nuclei: Schematic View2-63 Nerves of the Orbit2-64 Extraocular Cranial Nerves2-65 Trigeminal Nerve (CN V)2-66 Facial Nerve (CN VII)2-67 Vestibulocochlear Nerve (CN VIII)2-68 Glossopharyngeal Nerve (CN IX)2-69 Vagus Nerve (CN X)2-70 Accessory Nerve (CN XI)2-71 Hypoglossal Nerve (CN XII)2-72 Reticular Formation and Nuclei2-73 Sleep-Wakefulness Control2-74 Cerebellar Organization: Lobes and Regions2-75 Cerebellar Anatomy: Deep Nuclei and Cerebellar Peduncles2-76 Thalamic Anatomy and Interconnections with the Cerebral Cortex2-77 Hypothalamus and Pituitary Gland2-78 Hypothalamic Nuclei2-79 Axial Sections through the Forebrain: Midpons2-80 Axial Sections through the Forebrain: Midbrain2-81 Axial Sections through the Forebrain: Rostral Midbrain and Hypothalamus2-82 Axial Sections through the Forebrain: Anterior Commissure and Caudal Thalamus2-83 Axial Sections through the Forebrain: Head of the Cudate Nucleus and Midthalamus2-84 Axial Sections through the Forebrain: Basal Ganglia and Internal Capsule2-85 Axial Section through the Forebrain: Dorsal Caudate Nucleus, Splenium and Genu of the Internal Capsule2-86 Coronal Sections through the Forebrain: Genu of the Corpus Callosum2-87 Coronal Sections through the Forebrain: Head of the Caudate Nucleus and Nucleus Accumbens2-88 Coronal Sections through the Forebrain: Anterior Commissure and Columns of the Fornix2-89 Coronal Sections through the Forebrain: Amygdala, Anterior Limb of the Internal Capsule2-90 Coronal Sections through the Forebrain: Mammillary Bodies2-91 Coronal Sections through the Forebrain: Midthalamus2-92 Coronal Sections through the Forebrain: Geniculate Nuclei2-93 Cortical Association Pathways2-94 Color Imaging of Projection Pathways from the Cerebral Cortex2-95 Noradrenergic Pathways2-96 Serotonergic Pathways2-97 Dopaminergic Pathways2-98 Central Cholinergic Pathways2-99 Olfactory Nerves3 Systemic Neuroscience Plates 3-1 to 3-623-1 Somatosensory Afferents to the Spinal Cord3-2 Somatosensory System: Spinocerebellar Pathways3-3 Somatosensory System: Dorsal Column System and Epicritic Modalities3-4 Somatosensory System: Spinothalamic and Spinoreticular Systems and Protopathic Modalities3-5 Mechanisms of Neuropathic Pain and Sympathetically Maintained Pain3-6 Descending Control of Pain Processing3-7 Trigeminal Sensory and Associated Sensory Systems3-8 Pain-Sensitive Structures of the Head, and Pain Referral3-9 Taste Pathways3-10 Peripheral Pathways for Sound Reception3-11 Bony and Membranous Labyrinths3-12 VIII Nerve Innervation of Hair Cells of the Organ of Corti3-13 Auditory Pathways3-14 Centrifugal (Efferent) Auditory Pathways3-15 Vestibular Receptors3-16 Vestibular Pathways3-17 Nystagmus3-18 Anatomy of the Eye3-19 Anterior and Posterior Chambers of the Eye3-20 Retina: Retinal Layers3-21 Arteries and Veins of the Eye3-22 Optic Chiasm3-23 Visual Pathways: Retinal Projections to the Thalamus, Hypothalamus, and Brain Stem3-24 Pupillary Light Reflex3-25 Visual Pathway: Retino-Geniculo-Calcarine Pathway3-26 Visual Pathways in the Parietal and Temporal Lobes3-27 Distribution of Lower Motor Neurons (LMNs) in the Brain Stem3-28 Cortical Efferent Pathways3-29 Color Imaging of Cortical Efferent Pathways3-30 Corticobulbar Tract3-31 Corticospinal Tract3-32 Rubrospinal Tract3-33 Vestibulospinal Tracts3-34 Reticulospinal Tracts3-35 Central Control of Eye Movements3-36 Central Control of Respiration3-37 Cerebellar Neuronal Circuitry3-38 Afferent Pathways to the Cerebellum3-39 Cerebellar Efferent Pathways3-40 Connections of the Basal Ganglia3-41 General Organization of the Autonomic Nervous System3-42 Sections through the Rostral Hypothalamus: Preoptic and Supraoptic Zones3-43 Sections through the Midhypothalamus: Tuberal Zone3-44 Sections through the Caudal Hypothalamus: Mammillary Zone3-45 Schematic Reconstruction of the Hypothalamus3-46 Afferent and Efferent Pathways Associated with the Hypothalamus3-47 Paraventricular Nucleus of the Hypothalamus3-48 Mechanisms of Cytokine Influences on the Hypothalamus and Other Brain Regions and on Behavior3-49 Circumventricular Organs3-50 Hypophysial Portal Vasculature3-51 Regulation of the Anterior Pituitary Hormone Secretion3-52 Posterior Pituitary (Neurohypophysial) Hormones: Oxytocin and Vasopressin3-53 Hypothalamus and Thermoregulation3-54 Hypothalamic Regulation of Cardiac Function3-55 Neuroimmunomodulation3-56 Anatomy of the Limbic Forebrain3-57 Hippocampal Formation: General Anatomy3-58 Neuronal Connections of the Hippocampal Formation3-59 Major Afferent and Efferent Connections of the Hippocampal Formation3-60 Major Efferent Connections of the Amygdala3-61 Major Connections of the Cingulate Cortex3-62 Olfactory Pathways