Literary and Cultural Criticism from the Nineteenth Century

Joanne Shattock, Emeritus Professor, School of English, University of Leicester, UKValerie Sanders, Professor of English, University of Hull, UKKatherine Newey, Professor of English, University of Exeter, UKJoanne Wilkes, Professor of English, University of Auckland, New Zealand

• Volume I. Life WritingEdited by Valerie SandersAcknowledgmentsGeneral IntroductionIntroduction – volume IFurther ReadingPart 1. Prefaces1.1 AuthorsHeadnote 1. Lady Sydney Morgan, ‘Prefatory Address’, Lady Morgan’s Memoirs: Autobiography, Diaries and Correspondence, W. Hepworth Dixon (ed.), 3 vols (London: Wm H. Allen & Co, 1862), Vol I, pp. 1-3.2. Harriet Martineau, ‘Introduction to Harriet Martineau’s Autobiography’, Harriet Martineau’s Autobiography, with Memorials by Maria Weston Chapman, 3 vols (London: Smith, Elder, 1877), Vol. I, pp. 1-8.3. A.C. Benson, ‘Preface’, The House of Quiet: An Autobiography (1904) (London: John Murray, 1907), pp. iii-viii.1.2 EditorsHeadnote 4. Richard Monckton Milnes, ‘Preface’, Life, Letters, and Literary Remains of John Keats, edited by Richard Monckton Milnes, 2 vols (London: Edward Moxon, 1848), Vol I, pp. ix-xix.5. Christopher Wordsworth, ‘Introductory Chapter’, Memoirs of William Wordsworth, 2 vols (London: Edward Moxon, 1851), Vol I, pp. 1-6.6. Edith Coleridge, ‘Preface to the First Edition’, Memoir and Letters of Sara Coleridge Edited by Her Daughter 2 vols (2nd ed. London: Henry S. King & Co, 1873). Vol I., pp. v-viii.----‘Preface to the Fourth Edition’ (1874) Memoir and Letters of Sara Coleridge Edited by Her Daughter (4th ed. Abridged. London: Henry S. King & Co, 1875). Vol I., pp. ix-xii.7. ‘Preface’, The Personal Life of George Grote. By Mrs Grote (London: John Murray, 1873), pp. iii-v.8. ‘Preface’ and ‘Postscript’, Memoirs of the Life of Anna Jameson by her niece Gerardine Macpherson (London: Longmans, Green and Co, 1878), pp. vii-xvi.9. Margaret Howitt, ‘Preface’, in Mary Howitt, An Autobiography, edited by her daughter, Margaret Howitt (London: Isbister and Company Limited, 1889), pp. v-xiii.10. Hallam Tennyson, ‘Preface’, Alfred Lord Tennyson: A Memoir, 2 vols (London: Macmillan & Co, 1897) Vol I, pp. xi-xvii.11. E. T. Cook, ‘Introductory’, in The Life of John Ruskin, 2 vols (London: G. Allen & Company, 1912), Vol I. pp. xvii-xxv.Part 2. TheoryHeadnote 12. Edwin Paxton Hood, The Uses of Biography: Romantic, Philosophic, and Didactic (London: Partridge and Oakey, 1852), pp. 9-12.13.Edith Simcox, ‘Autobiographies’, The North British Review 51 (January 1870), pp. 383-385, 412-414.14. Robert Goodbrand, ‘A Suggestion for a New Kind of Biography’, The Contemporary Review 14 (April 1870), pp. 20-28.15. George Smith, ‘On Biography and Biographies’, Temple Bar 94 (April 1892), pp. 578-583.16. Edmund Gosse, ‘The Custom of Biography’, The Anglo-Saxon Review 8 (March 1901), pp. 195-196, 204-208.Part 3. OverviewsHeadnote 17. Margaret Oliphant, ‘New Books: Biographies’, Blackwood’s Edinburgh Magazine 121 (February 1877), pp. 175-177, 183-185, 189-191, 193-195.18. Anonymous, ‘Studies in Biography’, Fraser’s Magazine 20 (August 1879), pp. 255-257, 264-267, 273-275.19. W.F. Pollock, ‘Some Recent Biographies’, The Fortnightly Review 34 (October 1883), pp. 536-541, 543-545, 553.Part 4. Romantic Biography Headnote 20. John Wilson, ‘Moore’s Byron’, Blackwood’s Edinburgh Review 27 (February 1830), pp. 389-391, 412-414, 417-420.21. William Maginn, ‘Moore’s Life of Byron’, Fraser’s Magazine 1 (March 1830), pp. 129-130, 132-133, 137.22. Thomas Carlyle, ‘Memoirs of the Life of Sir Walter Scott, Baronet’, The London and Westminster Review 6 (January 1838), pp. 295-304, 305, 341-343.Part 5. Working Class Life WritingHeadnote 23. Ebenezer Elliott, ‘Random Thoughts and Reminiscences. By the Corn-Law Rhymer’, Tait’s Edinburgh Magazine 7 (July 1840), pp. 422-424.24. [Anonymous], ‘Passages in the Life of a Radical’, Tait’s Edinburgh Magazine 8 (May 1841), pp. 277-278, 287-288.25. ‘Passages in the Life of a Radical,’ The Quarterly Review 74 (October 1844), pp. 393-394.26. ‘John Duncan, Weaver and Botanist’, The Saturday Review (5 May 1883), pp. 574-575.27. Alexander Innes Shand, ‘Life of a Scotch Naturalist’, The Edinburgh Review 146 (July 1877), pp.133-135, 144-146.Part 6. VanityHeadnote 28. J. G. Lockhart, ‘Autobiography,’ The Quarterly Review 35 (January 1827), pp. 164-16529. Sir Archibald Alison, ‘Autobiography –Chateaubriand’s Memoirs’, Blackwood’s Edinburgh Magazine 66 (September 1849), pp. 292, 296-298.30. W.E. Aytoun, ‘Haydon’s Autobiography’, Blackwood’s Edinburgh Magazine 74 (November 1853), pp. 519-521.Part 7. Female MemoirsHeadnote 31. Herman Merivale, ‘Autobiography and Letters of Mrs. Piozzi’, The Edinburgh Review 113 (April 1861), pp. 501-505, 523.32. [Anonymous], ‘Mrs. Delany’, The Westminster Review 21 (April 1862), pp. 374-376.33. Louisa A. Merivale, ‘Memoir and Letters of Sara Coleridge. Edited by her Daughter’, The Edinburgh Review 39 (January 1874), pp. 44-47.Part 8. ‘Good’ WomenHeadnote 34. Henry Chorley, ‘The Life of Charlotte Brontë’, The Athenaeum (4 April 1857), pp. 427, 428-429.35. Frances Power Cobbe, ‘Personal Recollections of Mrs. Somerville,’ The Quarterly Review 136 (January 1874), pp. 76-77, 96-103.36. ‘Memoir of Annie Keary. By her Sister,’ The Athenaeum (18 November 1882), pp. 654-655.37. Blanche Warre Cornish, ‘The Autobiography and Letters of Mrs. M.O.W. Oliphant’, The Quarterly Review 190 (July 1899), pp. 255-257.Part 9. ControversiesHeadnote 38. H. J. Coleridge, ‘Newman’s Apologia Pro Vita Suâ,’ The Dublin Review 3 (July 1864), pp. 156-157, 165-166.39. Henry Reeve, ‘Autobiography. By John Stuart Mill’, The Edinburgh Review 139 (January 1874), pp. 91-95, pp. 117-119.40. [Anonymous], ‘Harriet Martineau’s Autobiography,’ The Athenaeum (17 March 1877), pp. 343-346.41. My Relations with Carlyle by James Anthony Froude (New York: Charles Scribner’s Sons, 1903), pp. 12-15, 21-22, 25-27.42. [Anonymous], ‘Christopher Kirkland’, The Spectator (3 October 1885), pp. 1316-1317.Part 10. NovelistsHeadnote 43. Anthony Trollope, ‘Charles Dickens’, The Saint Paul’s Magazine 6 (July 1870), pp. 370-375.44. John Morley, ‘The Life of George Eliot’, Macmillan’s Magazine 51 (February 1885), pp. 241-246, 255-256.45. Richard F. Littledale, ‘An Autobiography. By Anthony Trollope’, The Academy (27 October 1883), pp. 273-274.46. Margaret Oliphant, ‘Men and Women’ [John Addington Symonds, Maria Edgeworth, and Mrs Henry Wood] Blackwood’s Edinburgh Magazine 157 (April 1895), pp. 620-621, 635-638, 640-643, 645-646.Part 11. PoetsHeadnote 47. G. H. Lewes, ‘Life of Keats,’ The British Quarterly Review16 (November 1848), pp. 328-331, 332, 343.48.Theodore Watts, ‘The Truth about Rossetti,’ The Nineteenth Century 13 (March 1883), pp. 404-406.49. George Dabbs, ‘Alfred, Lord Tennyson - A Memoir. By his Son’, The Quarterly Review 186 (October 1897), pp. 492-495, 525-528.Part 12. Collective BiographyHeadnote 50. ‘Biographies of Good Women,’ The Saturday Review (26 April 1862), pp. 476-477.51. Harriet Martineau, ‘Preface’ to the Second Edition of Biographical Sketches 1852-1868, Third Edition (London: Macmillan 1870), pp. v-vii.52. Leslie Stephen, ‘A New "Biographia Britannica",’ The Athenaeum (23 December 1882), p. 850.Part 13. Diaries and LettersHeadnote 53. F. T. P. [Francis Turner Palgrave], ‘On Royal and Other Diaries and Letters: A Letter to a Friend in Bombay’, Macmillan’s Magazine 17 (March 1868), pp. 379-387. 54. Walter Bagehot, ‘Henry Crabb Robinson,’ The Fortnightly Review 6 (August 1869), pp. 179-182.55. Stephen Gwynn, ‘Discretion and Publicity’ (The Letters of Robert Browning and Elizabeth Barrett Barrett: 1845-1846), The Edinburgh Review 189 (April 1899), pp. 420-428. Volume II: Theatre and Drama CriticismEdited by Katherine NeweyAcknowledgmentsGeneral IntroductionIntroduction – volume IIFurther ReadingPart 1: Theatrical DebatesHeadnote1. 1 Melodrama and the Shock of the New1. ‘Theatre’, Universal Magazine of Knowledge and Pleasure, November 1802, 375-376.2. ‘The Theatres’, The Satirist; or Censor of the Times, 19 February 1832, 62.3. ‘Monster Melo-Drame’, The Satirist; or Monthly Meteor, 1 January, 1808, 337-3414. D—G [George Daniels], ‘Remarks’ on A Tale of Mystery, from Cumberland’s British Theatre, Vol. VIII (London: John Cumberland, 1826).5. ‘Surrey Theatre’, The Mirror of the Stage: or, New Dramatic Censor 13 January, 1823, 189-190.6. Walter Scott, extract from ‘An Essay on the Drama,’ originally published as Supplement to the Encyclopaedia Britannica, 1819. This version from The Miscellaneous Prose Works of Sir Walter Scott, Vol VI, Chivalry, Romance, The Drama (Edinburgh: Robert Cadell, and London: Whittaker & Co., 1834), pp. 383-395.7. Joanna Baillie, extract from A Series of Plays in which it is Attempted to Delineate the Stronger Passions of the Mind [Plays on the Passions] (London: T. Cadell, 1798), pp. 12-26.8. Henry Barton Baker, ‘The Old Melodrama’, Belgravia, May 1883, pp. 331-339.1.2 The Decline of the Drama, and the National TheatreHeadnote9. Edward Lytton Bulwer, ‘The Drama’, From England and the English Vol II (London: Richard Bentley, 1833), pp. 136-142, 151-156.10. Extracts from the Evidence from the 1832 Select Committee Report: Committee recommendations. Evidence from John Payne Collier, Q. 279, p. 24.Evidence from Douglas Jerrold; QQ 2834 to 2852, pp. 158-9.Evidence from William Thomas Moncrieff, QQ3118-3216; pp. 175-180.11. D. J. [Douglas Jerrold], ‘The Rights of Dramatists,’ Monthly Magazine, May 1832, 559-565.12. Vivian, [George Henry Lewes] ‘Dreary Lane’, The Leader, 21st February, 1852.13. [George Henry Lewes] ‘Vivian in Tears’, The Leader, 7 February, 1852.14. ‘Why I Don’t Write Plays’, Pall Mall Gazette, August 31, 1892.15. ‘Why I Don’t Write Plays’, Judy, 28 September, 1892, p. 152.16. Effingham Wilson, A House for Shakespere: A Proposition for the Nation (London: H. Hurst, 1848) pp. 5-7.17. William Archer & Granville Barker, ‘Preface’, in A National Theatre. Scheme and Estimates (London: Duckworth, 1907), pp. xv – xxi.18. Henry Arthur Jones, ‘The Future of English Drama’, The New Review, August, 1893, pp. 177-181.1.3. The Woman QuestionHeadnote19. ‘Women as Dramatists’, All the Year Round, 29 September, 1894, pp. 299-301.20. ‘Women as Playwrights’, The Sketch, 8 June, 1898, p. 256.21. ‘Women Playwrights’, The Era, 6 November, 1897, p. 14.22. Madge Kendal, The Drama. A Paper Read at the Congress for the National Association for the Promotion of Social Science, Birmingham, 1884. (London: David Bogue), pp. 2-6, 8-13. 23. Raymond Blathwayt, Does the Theatre Make for Good? A Talk with Mr. Clement Scott, Reprinted from ‘Great Thoughts’ (London: A. W. Hall, 1898), pp. 3-18.1.4. On Theatrical CriticismHeadnote24. Leigh Hunt, ‘Appendix’ [Rules for the Theatrical Critic of a Newspaper] to Critical Essays on the Performers of the London Theatres, (London: John Hunt, 1807) pp. 17-21. 25. ‘On Theatrical Criticism’, The Musical World, 30 May 1839, pp. 69-73. 26. William Archer, ‘The Ethics of Theatrical Criticism’ in About the Theatre: Essays and Studies (London, T. F. Unwin, 1886.), pp. 183-196.27. R. M. Sillard, ‘Concerning Theatrical Criticism,’ Westminster Review, December 1898, 634-640.Part 2: Theatrical Aesthetics in Practice2.1 PantomimeHeadnote28. ‘Introductory Chapter’, Memoirs of Joseph Grimaldi, by Boz [Charles Dickens], 1838, pp. xi-xix.29. ‘Female Management’, The Spectator, 8 January, 1831, p. 34.30. ‘Theatres’, John Bull, 29 December, 1834. 31. ‘Pantomimes and Christmas Pieces’, Illustrated London News, 28 December, 1844, 408-41032. ‘Boxing Day’, The Era, 28 December, 1897. 33. Percy Fitzgerald, ‘Stage Illusion – Mechanism’, The World Behind the Scenes, (1881) pp. 1-534. Henry J. Byron, ‘Pantomimical’, The Theatre, 1 January, 1879, pp. 408-410.2.2 TragedyHeadnote35. Leigh Hunt, Critical Essays on the Performers of the London Theatres (London: John Hunt, 1808)a) ‘Tragedy’, pp. 1-4b) ‘Mrs Siddons’, pp. 16-2136. William Hazlitt, A View of the English Stage (London: Robert Stodart, 1818). a) ‘Preface,’ pp. x-xiiib) ‘Miss O’Neill’s Juliet’ pp. 46-5037. Fanny Kemble’s debut as Julieta) ‘Covent-Garden Theatre,’ The Times, 6 October 1829. b) ‘Covent-Garden Theatre,’ Morning Chronicle, 6 October, 1829.c) ‘The Drama,’ New Monthly Magazine, Nov 1829, pp. 476-478.38. John Forster, ‘Macready as Macbeth,’ The Examiner, October 4, 1835, repr. in Dramatic Essays edited by William Archer and Robert W. Lowe (London: Walter Scott, 1896), pp. 1-739. G. H. Lewes, ‘Rachel’, from On Actors and the Art of Acting, (New York: Henry Holt, 1881; first published 1875) pp. 31-38. 40. Charles Kean’s Shakespearean revivals: a) ‘The Theatrical Examiner’, The Examiner, 14 February, 1852.b) ‘Theatrical Success and Shakspere for 100 Nights’, The Era, September 16, 1855. c) ‘Charles Kean and the Modern Stage’, Blackwood’s, April 1868, pp. 481-484.41. Clement Scott, From ‘The Bells’ to ‘King Arthur’ (London: John McQueen, 1897). a) The Bells, pp. 3-7 b) A Story of Waterloo, pp. 363-3682.3. Victorian Acting and ScenographyHeadnote42. William Bodham Donne, ‘The Drama’, Essays on the Drama (London: John W. Parker & Son, 1858), pp. 120-128, 153-155.43. G. H Lewes, ‘On Natural Acting’, in On Actors and the Art of Acting (New York: Henry Holt, 1880), pp. 100-112.44. Henry Irving, ‘Preface’, to Denis Diderot, Paradox of the Actor, translated by Walter Herries Pollock (London: Chatto & Windus, 1883), p. ix – xx.45. William Archer, ‘Diderot’s "Paradox of Acting"’, Theatre (1884: Mar.), pp.117-126. 2.4 Sensation MelodramasHeadnote46. Dion Boucicault, The Corsican Brothers a) ‘The Theatrical Examiner,’ The Examiner, 28 February, 1852, p. 134.b) ‘Princess’s’ The Athenaeum, 28 February, 1852, p. 259. c) ‘Metropolitan Theatres,’ Theatrical Journal, March 1852, p. 66. d) ‘Our Little Chatter Box’ Theatrical Journal, March 1852. e) Clement Scott on Henry Irving’s revival of The Corsican Brothers, From ‘The Bells’ to ‘King Arthur’ (London: John McQueen, 1897) p. 177-181.47. Wilkie Collins, The Woman in White (adaptation by Wilkie Collins, 1871)a) ‘The Woman in White at the Olympic’, The Examiner, 14 October, 1871, p. 1018.b) ‘The Woman in White’, Pall Mall Gazette, 11 October, 1871.48. Lady Audley’s Secret (adaptations of the novel by Mary Elizabeth Braddon)a) The Musical World (Vol. 41, No. 11), 14 March, 1863, p. 169.b) ‘Public Amusements of the Metropolis’, New Sporting Magazine, (No. 268) April, 1863, pp. 351-353.c) ‘The Theatrical Examiner’, The Examiner, 18 April, 1863, p. 248.d) ‘Amusements,’ The Penny Illustrated Paper, 7 March, 1863, p. 155.49. Wilson Barrett, The Sign of the Cross a) ‘The "Sign of the Cross" at the Lyric,’ The Sketch, January 1896, p. 547-548b) ‘Waftings from the Wings’, Fun, 14 January, 1896, p. 18.c) William Archer, ‘Daughters of Babylon’, Theatrical World, 1897, pp. 23-30.50. Paul M. Potter, Trilby (adapted from the novel by George du Maurier)a) ‘Mr Tree’s "Trilby" at Manchester’, Morning Post, 9 September, 1895.b) ‘"Trilby" at the Haymarket’, The Era, 2 November, 1895. 51. Arthur Wing Pinero, The Second Mrs Tanqueray a) ‘Last Night’s Theatricals’, Reynolds’s Newspaper, 28 May, 1893.b) ‘St James’s Theatre’, Morning Post, 29 May, 1893.c) ‘St James’s Theatre’, The Times, 29 May 1893. 2.5 The New DramaHeadnote52. Edward Aveling & Eleanor Marx, ‘The Woman Question: from a Socialist Point of View’, Westminster Review, January 1886, pp. 221-222.53. W. A. Lewis Bettany, ‘Criticism and the Renascent Drama’, The Theatre, June 1892, pp. 277-283. 54. ‘Ibsen’s "Ghosts" at the Theatre Libre, Pall Mall Gazette, 5 June, 1890. 55. ‘Ibsen at the Opéra Comique’, Pall Mall Gazette, 18 July 1889. 56. ‘Novelty Theatre’ Daily Telegraph, 8 June 1889. 57. ‘Novelty Theatre,’ Illustrated Sporting and Dramatic News, 15 June 1889. 58. ‘The Independent Theatre,’ The Times, 1 May 1893.59. A. B. W., ‘The Drama,’ The Speaker, 6 May 1893, p. 512. Volume III. Authorship, Journalism and the Nineteenth-Century PressEdited by Joanne ShattockAcknowledgmentsGeneral introductionVolume III introductionFurther ReadingPart 1. The Literary Profession Headnote1.1 The 1830s and 1840s: the argument for professionalisation1. [Edward Bulwer-Lytton], ‘Literature Considered as a Profession’, New Monthly Magazine 32 (September 1831), 227-232. 2. [Edward Bulwer-Lytton], ‘Proposals for a Literary Union’, New Monthly Magazine 35 (November 1832), 418-422. 3. ‘Authorship as a Profession’, The London Saturday Journal’, 9 January 1841. 20-1. 4. ‘The Position of Literary Men’, Chambers’s Journal, 5 July 1845. 10-11. 5. W. M. Thackeray, ‘A brother of the press on the history of a literary man, Laman Blanchard, and the chances of the literary profession, in a letter to the Reverend Francis Sylvester at Rome, from Michael Angelo Titmarsh, Esq.’, Fraser’s Magazine 33 (March 1846), 332-335, 342.6. [G. H. Lewes], ‘The Condition of Authors in England, Germany and France’, Fraser’s Magazine 35 (March 1847), 285-290, 293-295.1.2 The ‘Dignity of Literature’ debate 7. W. M. Thackeray, ‘The Dignity of Literature’, Morning Chronicle 12 January 1850, 4. 8. [John Forster], ‘The Dignity of Literature’, Examiner, 19 January 1850, 35. 9. [Charles Dickens], ‘The Guild of Literature and Art’, Household Words 10 May 1851, 145-147. 1.3 The Professional Writer from mid-century 10. [anon], ‘The Profession of Literature’, Westminster Review 58 n.s. 2 (October 1852), 511-515, 518-519, 524-527. 11. [Alexander Innes Shand,], ‘The Outlying Professions’ , Blackwood’s Magazine 136 (November 1884), 589-590. 12. Walter Besant, ‘Literature as a Career’, Review of Reviews (September 1892), 258. 13. G. Herbert Thring, ‘The Society of Authors’, appendix to Walter Besant, The Pen and the Book (London: Thomas Burleigh, 1899), pp. 322-325.14. ‘Literature as a Pursuit and as a Profession’, Saturday Review 18 November 1899, 640-641. Part 2. Periodical Writers and Periodical WritingHeadnote 2.1 The Expansion of the Periodical Press 15. [William Hazlitt], ‘The Periodical Press’, Edinburgh Review 38 (May 1823), 349-350, 358-359, 377-8. 16. [James Mill], ‘Periodical Literature: Edinburgh Review I’, Westminster Review 1 (January 1824), 206-2011.17. ‘Claims of Periodical Writers to Participate in the Benefits of ‘The Literary Fund’, Hood’s Magazine 6, 2 (August 1846), 161-164.18. ‘Periodical Writing’, Saturday Review 12 February 1859, 180-181. 19. ‘Mr Sala on Life in London’, Saturday Review 3 December 1859, 676-677.20. ‘The Gradations of Periodical Literature’, The London Review of Politics, Society, Literature, Art and Science 13, 24 November 1866, 567-568.21. ‘Periodical Writers’, Saturday Review 25 April 1868. 543-544. 2.2 The Higher Journalism 22. Walter Bagehot, ‘The First Edinburgh Reviewers’, National Review 1 (October 1855), 253-257, 271-273, 275-276.23. Alexander Innes Shand, ‘Contemporary Literature 1. Journalists’, Blackwood’s Magazine 124 (December 1878), 661-662. 24. Alexander Innes Shand, ‘Contemporary Literature III. Magazine Writers’, Blackwood’s Magazine 125 (February 1879), 241-243.Part 3. The Profession of JournalismHeadnote3.1 An Emerging Profession25. ‘English Journalism’, Fraser’s Magazine 34 (December 1846), 632-640. 26. [James Hannay], ‘A New Type of Journalist’, Pall Mall Gazette, 18 February 1865, 6. 27. [Alexander Innes Shand], ‘Contemporary Literature 1. Journalists’, Blackwood’s Magazine 124 (December 1878), 646-652.28. [Margaret Oliphant] ‘The Old Saloon. The Literature of the Last Fifty Years’, Blackwood’s Magazine 141 (June 1887), 761.3.2 The 1880s and after29. H. R. Fox Bourne, English Newspapers. Chapters in the History of Journalism, 2 vols. (London: Chatto and Windus, 1887), vol. 2. pp. 371-376. 30. ‘An Old Journalist’, ‘In Correspondence: The Institute of Journalists’, National Review 20 (October 1892), 274-278. 31. Henri Blowitz, ‘Journalism as a Profession’, Contemporary Review 63 (January 1893), 37-46. 32. ‘Journalism as a Profession’, Review of Reviews July 1894, 44.33. Fred Wilson, ‘Journalism as a Profession’, Westminster Review 146 (October 1896), 433-436.34. William Newton Shansfield, ‘Journalism as a Profession: A Rejoinder’, Westminster Review 146 (December 1896), 686-688. 35. Arthur Shadwell, ‘Journalism as a Profession’, National Review 31 (August 1898), 845-855. 36. ‘A Veteran Journalist’ [Sidney J. Low], ‘Journalism as a Career: A Reply to "Journalism as a Profession"’, National Review 32 (October 1898), 211-219. 37. ‘Is Journalism a Career for Men over Forty?’, The Bookman (January 1899), 105-109; Charles A. Cooper, The Bookman (February 1899), p. 131 and Charles Russell, The Bookman (March 1899), p. 167. Part 4. The Fourth Estate: The Power of the PressHeadnote38. [Gibbons Merle], ‘Journalism’, Westminster Review 18 (January 1833), 195-196, 198-203, 205-206. 39. [W. R. Greg], ‘The Newspaper Press’, Edinburgh Review 102 (October 1855), 470, 477-485, 487-489, 491-492, 496-498. 40. [E. S. Dallas], ‘Popular Literature – the Periodical Press’, Blackwood’s Magazine 85 (January 1859), 100-107. 41. [Fitzjames Stephen], ‘Journalism’, Cornhill Magazine 6 (July 1862), 52-57, 60-62. 42. W. T. Stead, ‘Government by Journalism’, Contemporary Review 49 (May 1886), 653-658, 660-666, 669-671, 673-674. 43. W. T. Stead, ‘The Future of Journalism’, Contemporary Review 50 (November 1886), 663-666, 668-672, 675-679. Part 5. Anonymity Headnote44. ‘Anonymous Journalism’, Saturday Review 20 (November 1858), 499-500. 45. Thomas Hughes, ‘Anonymous Journalism’, Macmillan’s Magazine 5 (December 1861), 157-168. 46. Anthony Trollope, ‘On Anonymous Literature’, Fortnightly Review 1 (1 July 1865), 491-498. 47. J. Boyd Kinnear, ‘Anonymous Journalism’, Contemporary Review 5 (July 1867), 324-332, 337-339. 48. John Morley, ‘Anonymous Journalism’, Fortnightly Review 8 o.s.2 n.s. (September 1867), 289-292.49. [Tighe Hopkins], ‘Anonymity? Part I’, New Review 1 (November 1889), 522-524.50. [Tighe Hopkins], ‘Anonymity? Part II. Concl’. New Review, 2 (March 1890), 272-274. Part 6. Newspaper Writers Headnote 51. Arnot Reid, ‘Twenty-Four Hours in a Newspaper Office’, Nineteenth Century 21 (March 1887), 452-459. 52. Michael MacDonagh, ‘A Night in the Reporters’ Gallery’, Nineteenth Century 37 (March 1895), 516-523, 525-526. 53. [William Scott], ‘Our Own Correspondent’, Saturday Review 17 (November 1855), 44-46. 54. ‘The Special Correspondent’, Saturday Review (10 Sept 1870), 325-326. 55. G. A. Sala, ‘The Special Correspondent: His Life and Crimes’, Belgravia: A London Magazine 4 (April 1871), 214-222.56. ‘The Special Staff’, Chambers’s Journal of Literature, Science and Art (11 January 1873), 17-20. 57. [Alexander Innes Shand], ‘Contemporary Literature 1. Journalists’, Blackwood’s Magazine 124 (December 1878), 655-660. 58. W. F. Butler, W. F., ‘The War Campaign and the War Correspondent’, Macmillan’s Magazine 37 (March 1878,) 398-401.59. ‘The Rise and Fall of the War Correspondent’, Macmillan’s Magazine 90 (August 1904), 301-310. Part 7. The New Journalism Headnote60. Theodore Child, ‘The American Newspaper Press’, Fortnightly Review 44 o.s. 38 n.s. (December 1885), 828-839. 61. T. P. O’Connor, ‘The New Journalism’, New Review 1 (October 1889), 423-434. 62. Edward Delille, ‘The American Newspaper Press’, Nineteenth Century 32 (July 1892), 13-17, 19-28. 63. Evelyn March Phillipps, ‘The New Journalism’, New Review 13 (August 1895), 182-189. 64. Elizabeth L. Banks, ‘American "Yellow Journalism"’, Nineteenth Century 44 (August 1898), 328-340. 65. ‘Journalism Then and Now’, Saturday Review 8 (April 1905), 447-448.Part 8. Women journalistsHeadnote66. [Charlotte O’Connor Eccles], ‘The Experiences of a Woman Journalist’, Blackwood’s Magazine 153 (June 1893), 830-838. 67. Emily Crawford, ‘Journalism as a Profession for Women’, Contemporary Review 64 (September1893), 362-371. 68. Mrs Oliphant, ‘Things in General’, Atalanta (August 1894), 732-734. 69. Mrs Belloc Lowndes, ‘Journalism as a Profession for Women’, Leisure Hour (December 1901), 121-127. 70. ‘The Woman Journalist’, The Academy and Literature 27 September 1902, 309-310. 71. Arnold E. Bennett, Journalism for Women. A Practical Guide (London: John Lane. The Bodley Head, 1898), 54-55, 57-59, 69-77, 97-8]. Part 9. Guides to Authorship and JournalismHeadnote72. John Oldcastle, Journals and Journalism: With a Guide for Literary Beginners (London: Field and Tuer, 1880), 39-42, 44-45, 54-58. 73. E. P. Davies, The Reporter’s Hand-Book and, Vade Mecum. With Appendix. By a Reporter (London: Guilbert Pitman, S. W. Partridge, 1884), revised by T. A. Reed, n.d., iii-iv, 7-8, 73-74, 7974. John Dawson, Practical Journalism. How to Enter Thereon and Succeed (London: Upcott Gill, 1885) Originally published in The Bazaar, 1884, 2-5, 46-49.75. A. Arthur Reade, Literary Success: being a Guide to Practical Journalism (London: Wyman & Sons, 1885), 104-105, 111-112, 132-133, 135-136.76. S. Squire Sprigge, Methods of Publishing (Society of Authors. London: Henry Glaisher, 1890), 10-15.77. Walter Besant, The Pen and the Book (London: Thomas Burleigh, 1899), v-viii, 20-25, 238-241. Volume IV: Women Critics Edited by Joanne WilkesAcknowledgmentsGeneral IntroductionIntroduction – volume IVFurther ReadingPart 1. Anna Letitia Barbauld, née Aikin (1743-1825)Headnote1. ‘Introduction to Dr Johnson’s Rasselas’, British Novelists (1810), vol. 26, pp. i-viii. Part 2. Maria Jane Jewsbury, later Fletcher (1800-33)Headnote2. ‘Shelley’s "Wandering Jew"’, Athenaeum, 16 July 1831, 456-457. 3. ‘Literary Women. – No. 2 Jane Austen’, Athenaeum, 27 August 1831, 553-554.Part 3. Christian Isobel Johnstone, née Todd (1781-1857)Headnote4. ‘Death of Sir Walter Scott’ and ‘On the Political Tendency of Sir Walter Scott’s Writings’, The Schoolmaster and Edinburgh Weekly Magazine, 29 September 1832, pp. 129-1335. ‘The Writings of Hazlitt. No. II. Political and Literary Portraits’, Tait’s Edinburgh Magazine, 3, no. 36 (December 1836), pp. 758, 763-766.6. ‘Mrs Jameson’s Winter Studies and Summer Rambles in Canada’, Tait’s Edinburgh Magazine 6, no. 62 (February 1839), pp. 69-71. Part 4. Lady Morgan, née Sydney Owenson (1781-1859) Headnote7. ‘The Works of the Rev. Sydney Smith’, Athenaeum, 13 July 1839, 518-520.8. ‘William Harrison Ainsworth, Jack Sheppard: A Romance’, Athenaeum, 26 October 1839, 803-805.Part 5. Geraldine Jewsbury (1812-80) Headnote9. Charles Kingsley, Yeast, Athenaeum, 19 April 1851, 428.10. Catherine Helen Spence, Tender and True, Athenaeum, 18 October 1856, 1272-1273. 11. Julia Kavanagh, English Women of Letters, Athenaeum, 25 October 1862, 527-528. 12. Anthony Trollope, The Small House at Allington, Athenaeum, 26 March 1864, 437-438.Part 6. Jane Williams (1806-85) Headnote13. ‘Felicia Dorothea Hemans’, The Literary Women of England (London: Saunders Otley, 1861), pp. 479-494.Part 7. Julia Kavanagh (1824-77) Headnote14. ‘Aphra Behn’, English Women of Letters: Biographical Sketches, 2 vols (London: Hurst and Blackett, 1862), vol. 1, pp. 1-7, 19-23, 30-48.15. ‘Miss Austen’s Six Novels’, English Women of Letters: Biographical Sketches, 2 vols, (London: Hurst and Blackett, 1862), vol. 2, pp. 188-220, 222-236.Part 8. Hannah Lawrance (1795-1875) Headnote16. ‘The English Writers Before Chaucer’, British Quarterly Review, 40 (July 1864), 199-225. 17. ‘Mrs Browning’s Poetry’, British Quarterly Review, 42 (October 1865), 359-364, 372-383.Part 9. Anne Mozley (1809-91) Headnote18. Margaret Oliphant, Miss Marjoribanks, from ‘Youth as Depicted in Modern Fiction’, Christian Remembrancer, no. 133 (July 1866), 184-186, 197-211.Part 10. Elisabeth Julia Hasell (1830-87)Headnote19. ‘Elegies’, Blackwood’s Edinburgh Magazine, 154 (September 1875), 345-360. Part 11. Margaret Oliphant, née Wilson (1828-97)Headnote20. Thomas Hardy, Tess of the d’Urbervilles, from ‘The Old Saloon’, Blackwood’s Edinburgh Magazine, 151 (March 1892), 464-474.Part 12. Augusta Webster, née Davies (1837-94)Headnote21. ‘Children’s Literature’, A Housewife’s Opinions (London: Macmillan, 1879), pp. 114-120.22. ‘The Novel-Making Trade’, A Housewife’s Opinions (London: Macmillan, 1879), pp. 187-192. 23. Michael Field, Underneath the Bough, Athenaeum, 9 (September 1893), 345-346. Part 13. Mathilde Blind (1841-96)Headnote24. ‘Mary Wollstonecraft’, New Quarterly Magazine, 10 (July 1878), 390-412. Part 14. Edith Simcox (1844-1901) Headnote25. Review of two books on Anna Laetitia Barbauld by Grace A. Ellis and Anna Le Breton, Academy, (23 May 1874), 565-567. 26. Dorothy Wordsworth, Recollections of a Tour made in Scotland, A.D. 1803, ed. J. C. Shairp, Academy, 25 (July 1874), 91-93.Part 15. Alice Meynell (1847-1922)Headnote27. ‘The English Women-Humorists’, North American Review, 181 (December 1905), 857-864, 866-872 (slightly condensed). Part 16. Mary A. (Mrs Humphry) Ward, née Arnold (1851-1920)Headnote28. 2‘A New Edition of Keats’, Macmillan’s Magazine, 49 (March 1884), 330-40 (slightly condensed).29. Introduction to the Haworth edition of Jane Eyre (Smith Elder, 1899), pp. ix-xiv, xix-xxxviii.Part 17. Katharine de Mattos, née Stevenson (1851-1939)Headnote30. George Gissing, New Grub Street, 9 May 1891, 601; The Odd Women, 27 May 1893, 667.31. Henry James: The Tragic Muse, 26 July 1890, 124; The Lesson of the Master, 19 March 1892, 369-370; Terminations, 15 June 1895, 769-770; Embarrassments, 1 August 1896, 158; What Maisie Knew, 6 November 1897, 629. Part 18. Arabella Shore (1822-1900)Headnote32. ‘Modern English Novels’, Westminster Review, 134 (July 1890), 143-145, 148-152, 155-157. Part 19. Amy Levy (1861-89)Headnote 33. ‘The Poetry of Christina Rossetti’, The Woman’s World, I (1888), 178-180. Part 20. Vernon Lee, pseudonym of Violet Paget (1856-1935)Headnote 34. ‘On Literary Construction’, Contemporary Review, 68 (September 1895), 404-419.