Planning Theory

Ali Madanipour is Professor of Urban Design and the Director of Global Urban Research Unit at Newcastle University, UK. His books include Urban Design, Space and Society (2014); Reconsidering Localism (forthcoming 2015); Public Space and the Challenges of Urban Transformation in Europe (co-edited, 2014); Knowledge Economy and the City (2011); Whose Public Space? International Case Studies in Urban Design and Development (edited, 2010); Designing the City of Reason (2007); Public and Private Spaces of the City (2003).

• Volume I: Planning with Creativity Part 1: Terrain and Trajectory 1. John Friedmann, ‘Two Centuries of Planning Theory: An Overview’, in Planning in the Public Domain: From Knowledge to Action (Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 1987), pp.51-85.2. M. Christine Boyer, ‘The Rise of the Planning Mentality’, in Dreaming the Rational City: The Myth of American City Planning (Cambridge, MA: The MIT Press, 1983), pp.59-82. 3. Harvey Perloff, ‘Education of City Planners: Past, Present and Future’, Journal of the American Institute of Planners, 1956, 22, 4, 186-217. 4. Nigel Taylor, ‘Anglo-American Town Planning Theory Since 1945: Three Significant Developments But No Paradigm Shifts’, Planning Perspectives, 1999, 14, 327–345.5. Ali Madanipour, ‘Connectivity and Contingency in Planning’, Planning Theory, 2010, 9, 4, 351-368.6. Michael Brooks, ‘Running the Gauntlet of Planning Critics’, in Planning Theory for Practitioners (Chicago: Planners Press, 2002), pp.35-49.Part 2: Groundwork for Planning7. Frederick Winslow Taylor, ‘Introduction’, in The Principles of Scientific Management (New York: Harper & Brothers Publishers, 1919), pp.5-8. 8. John Dewey, ‘Search for the Great Community’, in The Public and Its Problems (New York: H. Holt, 1927), pp.143-184.9. Max Weber, ‘Technical Advantages of Bureaucratic Organizations’, in H. H. Gerth and C. Wright Mills (eds), From Max Weber: Essays in Sociology (London: Routledge & Kegan Paul, 1948), pp.214-216.10. John Maynard Keynes, ‘The End of Laissez-Faire’, in Essays in Persuasion (London: Macmillan, 1931), pp.312-322.11. Karl Mannheim, ‘The Concept of Social Control: Planning as the Rational Mastery of the Irrational’, in Man and Society in an Age of Reconstruction (London: Kegan Paul, Trench, Trubner & Co, 1940), pp.265-273.12. Friedrich Hayek, ‘Individualism and Collectivism’, in The Road to Serfdom (London: Routledge, 1944), pp.24-31. 13 Joseph Schumpeter, ‘The Process of Creative Destruction’, in Capitalism, Socialism and Democracy (London: Routledge, 1943), pp.81-86.14. Karl Popper, ‘Interpreting versus Planning Social Change’, in The Poverty of Historicism (London: Routledge & Kegan Paul, 1957), pp.44-46.15. Max Weber, ‘The Formal and Substantive Rationality of Economic Action’, in The Theory of Social and Economic Organization (New York: The Free Press, 1947), pp.184-186.16. Herbert Simon, ‘From Substantive to Procedural Rationality’, in S.J.Latsis (ed.), Method and Appraisal in Economics (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1976), pp.129-148. Part 3: Spatial Visions and Social Orders 17. Michel Foucault, ‘The Eye of Power’, in Colin Gordon (ed.), Power/Knowledge (Harlow: Pearson Education Limited, 1980), pp.146-165. 18. Leonardo Benevolo, ‘Preface’, in The Origins of Modern Town Planning (London: Routledge and Kegan Paul, 1967), pp. xi-xiv.19. Francoise Choay, ‘Regularization’, in The Modern City: Planning in the 19th Century (New York: George Braziller, 1969), pp.15-27.20. Camillo Sitte, ‘The Artless and Prosaic Character of Modern City Planning’, in The Art of Building Cities: City Building according to its Artistic Fundamentals (New York: Reinhold, 1945), pp.53-58.21. Ebenezer Howard, ‘Author’s Introduction’, in Garden Cities of To-Morrow (London: Swan and Sonnenschein & Co. Ltd, 1902), pp. 9-19.22. Patrick Geddes, ‘Ways to the Neotechnic City’, in Cities in Evolution (London: Williams & Norgate Ltd, 1915, 1949), pp.84-108.23. Raymond Unwin, ‘Of Civic Art as the Expression of Civic Life’, in Town Planning in Practice (New York: Benjamin Blom, 1934), pp.2-14.24. Lewis Mumford, ‘The Neighborhood and the Neighborhood Unit’, The Town Planning Review, 1954, 24, 4, 256-270.25. Le Corbusier, ‘The Great City’, in The City of To-morrow and Its Planning (London: The Architectural Press, 1929, 1971), pp.85-105.26. CIAM, ‘The Town-Planning Chart, Fourth C.I.A.M Congress, Athens 1933’, in J.L.Sert, Can Our Cities Survive? (Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 1944), pp.246-249.27. Frank Lloyd Wright, ‘The Usonian Vision’ in When Democracy Builds (Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1945), pp.65-71.28. Christopher Tunnard, ‘Creative Urbanism’, The Town Planning Review, 1951, 22, 3, 216-236.Volume II: Planning with EfficiencyPart 1: Rational Planning: Ends and Means 29. Martin Meyerson and Edward Banfield, ‘Note on a conceptual scheme’, in Politics, Planning, and the Public Interest (New York: Free Press, 1955), pp.303-329. 30. Martin Meyerson, ‘Building the Middle-Range Bridge for Comprehensive Planning’, Journal of the American Institute of Planners, 1956, 22, 2, 58-64.31. Edward Banfield, ‘Ends and Means in Planning’, International Social Science Journal, 1959, 11, 3, 361-368.32. Herbert Simon, 1961, ‘Decision Making and Planning’, in H.S.Perloff (ed.), Planning and the Urban Community (Pittsburgh: Carnegie Institute of Technology and the University of Pittsburgh Press, 1961), pp.188-192.33. Paul Davidoff and Thomas Reiner, ‘A Choice Theory of Planning’, Journal of the American Institute of Planners, 1962, 28, 2, 103-115. 34. Alan Altshuler, ‘The Goals of Comprehensive Planning’, Journal of the American Institute of Planners, 1965, 31, 3, 186-195.Part 2: Incremental Planning: Engagement and Adjustment 35. Frank Sorauf, ‘The Public Interest Reconsidered’, The Journal of Politics, 1957, 19, 4, 616-639.36. Charles Lindblom, ‘The Science of "Muddling Through"’, Public Administration Review, 1959, 19, 2, 79-88.37. Amitai Etzioni, ‘Mixed-Scanning: A "Third" Approach to Decision-Making’, Public Administration Review, 1967, 27, 5, 385-392. 38. Dennis Rondinelli, ‘Urban Planning as Policy Analysis: Management of Urban Change’, Journal of the American Institute of Planners, 1973, 39, 1, 13-22.39. Aaron Wildavsky, ‘If Planning is Everything, Maybe It’s Nothing’, Policy Sciences, 1973, 4, 2, 127-53.Part 3: Plural Planning: Participation, Advocacy, and Equity40. Paul Davidoff, ‘Advocacy and Pluralism in Planning’, Journal of the American Institute of Planners, 1965, 31, 4, 331-38. 41. Herbert Gans, ‘City Planning in America: A Sociological Analysis’, in People and Plans (New York: Basic Books, 1968), pp.57-77. 42. Sherry Arnstein, ‘A Ladder of Citizen Participation’, Journal of the American Institute of Planners, 1969, 35, 4, 216-224. 43. Norman Krumholz, ‘A Retrospective View of Equity Planning: Cleveland, 1969-1979’, Journal of the American Planning Association, 1982, 48, 2, 163-174.44. Susan Fainstein and Norman Fainstein, ‘City Planning and Political Values’, Urban Affairs Review, 1971, 6, 341-62.45. Peter Marcuse, ‘Professional Ethics and Beyond: Values in Planning’, Journal of the American Institute of Planners, 1976, 42, 3, 264-274. Part 4: Complexity Planning: Systems and Linkages 46. Jane Jacobs, ‘The Kind of Problem a City Is’, in The Death and Life of Great American Cities (New York: Random House, 1961), pp.428-448. 47. Richard Bolan, ‘Emerging Views of Planning’, Journal of the American Institute of Planners, 1967, 33, 4, 233-245. 48. Brian McLoughlin, ‘The Guidance and Control of Change: Physical Planning as the Control of Complex Systems’, in Urban and Regional Planning: A Systems Approach (London: Faber and Faber, 1969), pp.75-91.49. Horst Rittel and Melvin Webber, ‘Dilemmas in a General Theory of Planning’, Policy Sciences, 1973, 4, 2, 155-169.50. Andreas Faludi, ‘The Rationale of Planning Theory’, in Planning Theory (Oxford: Pergamon Press, 1973), pp.35-53.51. Seymour Mandelbaum, ‘A Complete General Theory of Planning Is Impossible’, Policy Sciences, 1979, 11, 1, 59-71.52. Ernest Alexander, ‘After Rationality, What? A Review of Responses to Paradigm Breakdown’, Journal of the American Planning Association, 1984, 50, 1, 62-69. Volume III: Planning with FlexibilityPart 1: Critical Planning: Structures, Institutions, and Environment53. David Harvey, ‘On Planning the Ideology of Planning’, in Robert Burchell and George Sternlieb (eds), Planning Theory in the 1980s (New Brunswick, N.J.: Center for Urban Policy Research, Rutgers University, 1978), pp.213-233. 54. Gwyneth Kirk, ‘Theoretical Approaches to Urban Planning’, in Urban Planning in a Capitalist Society (London: Croom Helm, 1980), pp.55-94.55. Henri Lefebvre, ‘Philosophy of the City and Planning Ideology’, in Eleonore Kofman and Elizabeth Lebas (eds), Writings on Cities: Henri Lefebvre (Oxford: Blackwell, 1996), pp.97-99.56. Richard Klosterman, ‘Arguments For and Against Planning’, Town Planning Review, 1985, 56, 1, 5-20.57. Todd Swanstrom, ‘The Limits of Strategic Planning for Cities’, Journal of Urban Affairs, 1987, 9, 2, pp.139-157.58. Robert Beauregard, ‘Between Modernity and Postmodernity: The Ambiguous Position of US Planning’, Environment and Planning D: Society and Space, 1989, 7, 381-395.59. Timothy Beatley, ‘Environmental Ethics and Planning Theory’, Journal of Planning Literature, 1989, 4, 1, 1-32.60. Scott Campbell, ‘Green Cities, Growing Cities, Just Cities?: Urban Planning and the Contradictions of Sustainable Development’, Journal of the American Planning Association, 1996, 62, 3, 296-312.Part 2: Diversity Planning: Race, Gender, and Culture 61. Beth Moore Milroy, ‘Taking Stock of Planning, Space, and Gender’, Journal of Planning Literature, 1991, 6, 1, 3-15. 62. Marsha Ritzdorf, ‘Feminist Thoughts on the Theory and Practice of Planning’, Planning Theory, 1992, 7/8, 13-19. 63. Iris Marion Young, ‘Concrete Imagination and Piecemeal Transformation’, Planning Theory, 1992, 7/8, 59-62.64. June Manning Thomas, ‘Planning History and the Black Urban Experience: Linkages and Contemporary Implications’, Journal of Planning Education and Research, 1994, 14, 1, 1-11.65. Mohammad Qadeer, ‘Pluralistic Planning for Multicultural Cities: The Canadian Practice’, Journal of the American Planning Association, 1997, 63, 4, 481-494.66. Leonie Sandercock, ‘When Strangers Become Neighbors: Managing Cities of Difference’, Planning Theory & Practice, 2000, 1, 1, 13-30. Part 3: Dialogical Planning: Communication, Negotiation, and Collaboration 67. John Friedmann, ‘Toward a Non-Euclidian Mode of Planning’, Journal of the American Planning Association, 1993, 59, 4, 482-485.68. John Forester, ‘Planning in the Face of Conflict: Negotiation and Mediation Strategies in Local Land Use Regulation’, Journal of the American Planning Association, 1987, 53, 3, 303-314.69. Patsy Healey, ‘Planning Through Debate: The Communicative Turn in Planning Theory’, Town Planning Review, 1992, 63, 2, 143-162. 70. Bent Flyvbjerg, ‘Aristotle, Foucault and Progressive Phronesis: Outline of an Applied Ethics for Sustainable Development’, Planning Theory, 1992, 7-8, 65- 83. 71. Tore Sager, ‘Dialogical Incrementalism’, in Communicative Planning Theory (Aldershot: Avebury, 1994), pp.3-25.72. Judith Innes, ‘Planning Through Consensus Building: A New View of the Comprehensive Planning Ideal’, Journal of the American Planning Association, 1996, 62, 4, 460-472.73. James Throgmorton, 'The Argumentative or Rhetorical Turn in Planning' , in Planning as Persuasive Storytelling: The Rhetorical Construction of Chicago 's Electric Future (Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1996), pp.36- 54.Volume IV: Planning with Contingency Part 1: Critical Planning: Power, Conflict, and Social Justice74. Bent Flyvberg, ‘Habermas and Foucault: Thinkers for Civil Society?’, The British Journal of Sociology, 1998, 49, 2, 210-233.75. Susan Fainstein, ‘New Directions in Planning Theory’, Urban Affairs Review, 2000, 35, 4, 451-478.76. Margo Huxley and Oren Yiftachel, ‘New Paradigm or Old Myopia? Unsettling the Communicative Turn in Planning Theory’, Journal of Planning Education and Research, 2000, 19, 333-342.77. Neil Smith, ‘New Globalism, New Urbanism: Gentrification as Global Urban Strategy’, Antipode, 2002, 34, 3, 427-450.78. David Harvey, ‘The Right to the City’, International Journal of Urban and Regional Research, 2003, 27, 4, 939-41.79. Heather Campbell, ‘Just Planning: The Art of Situated Ethical Judgment’, Journal of Planning Education and Research, 2006, 26, 92-106. 80. Vanessa Watson, ‘Deep Difference: Diversity, Planning and Ethics’, Planning Theory, 2006, 5, 1, 31-50. 81. John Pløger, ‘Strife: Urban Planning and Agonism’, Planning Theory, 2004, 3, 1, 71-92.82. Michael Gunder, ‘Planning as the Ideology of (Neoliberal) Space’, Planning Theory, 2010, 9, 4, 298-314.Part 2: Deliberative Planning: Participation, Communication and Consensus83. Patsy Healey, ‘The Pragmatic Tradition in Planning Thought’, Journal of Planning Education and Research, 2009, 28, 277-292.84. Charles Hoch, ‘Pragmatic Communicative Action Theory’, Journal of Planning Education and Research, 2007, 26, 272-283.85. John Forester, ‘On the Theory and Practice of Critical Pragmatism: Deliberative Practice and Creative Negotiations’, Planning Theory, 2013, 12, 1, 5-22. 86. Stanley Stein and Thomas Harper, ‘Rawls's 'Justice as Fairness': A Moral Basis for Contemporary Planning Theory’, Planning Theory, 2005, 4, 2, 147-172.87. Judith Innes and David Booher, ‘Reframing Public Participation: Strategies for the 21st Century, Planning Theory and Practice, 2004, 5, 4, 419-436.88. Niraj Verma and HaeRan Shin, ‘Communicative Action and the Network Society: A Pragmatic Marriage?’, Journal of Planning Education and Research, 2004, 24, 131-140. Part 3: Spatial Planning: Adaptive Systems, Networks, and Strategies 89. Michael Batty and Paul Torrens, ‘Modelling and Prediction in a Complex World’, Futures, 2005, 37, 745–766. 90. David Byrne, ‘Complexity Theory and Planning Theory: A Necessary Encounter’, Planning Theory, 2003, 2, 3, 171-178. 91. Robert Beauregard, ‘Planning and the Network City: Discursive Correspondences', in Louis Albrechts and Seymour Mandelbaum (eds), The Network Society: A New Context for Planning (London: Routledge, 2005), pp.24-33. 92. Michael Hebbert, ‘New Urbanism – The Movement in Context’, Built Environment, 2003, 29, 3, 193-209.93. Jill Grant, ‘Two Sides of a Coin? New Urbanism and Gated Communities, Housing Policy Debate, 2007, 18, 3, 481-501.94. Jean Hillier, ‘Plan(e) Speaking: a Multiplanar Theory of Spatial Planning’, Planning Theory, 2008, 7, 1, 24-50.95. Louis Albrechts, ‘Strategic (Spatial) Planning Re-examined’, Environment and Planning B: Planning and Design, 2004, 31, 743-758.96. Klaus Kunzmann, ‘Strategic Planning: A Chance for Spatial Innovation and Creativity’, disP: The Planning Review, 2013, 49, 3, 28-31.97. Luigi Mazza, ‘If Strategic "Planning Is Everything, Maybe It's Nothing"’, disP - The Planning Review, 2013, 49, 3, 40-42.