Jay H. Lehr, PhD, is the senior scientist at AR Environmental Services Inc. and Science Director at The Heartland Institute. The author of twelve books and over 400 articles on groundwater science, Dr. Lehr has worked extensively with the federal government to develop key environmental regulations regarding surface and groundwater. Wiley empowers learners, researchers, universities, and corporations to achieve their goals in an ever-changing world. For over 200 years, Wiley has been helping people and organizations develop the skills and knowledge they need to succeed. Wiley develops digital education, learning, assessment, and certification solutions to help universities, businesses, and individuals move between education and employment and achieve their ambitions. By partnering with learned societies, we support researchers to communicate discoveries that make a difference. Our online scientific, technical, medical, and scholarly journals, books, and other digital content build on a 200-year heritage of quality publishing.

"The author deserves an A+ on the effort regarding the technologies recognized and evaluated…" (Environmental Practice, March 2005) "...a concise reference...where all the information is in one volume...a welcome addition to the libraries of environmental consultants, regulators, and brownfield developers…" (Ground Water, May/June 2005)"...a must-have for all stakeholders in the contaminated sites industry." (Journal of Environmental Quality, May/June 2005)"...a worthwhile addition to the libraries of environmental consultants, regulators, and brownfield developers…" (The Professional Geologist, March/April 2005)"…compiles enough useful information for site remediation to make it a valuable library addition." (E-STREAMS, February 2005)"…a valuable reference text as well as an excellent educational resource regarding remediation technologies. It will look good standing next to all the other handbooks on my bookshelf." (Chemical Health & Safety, November/December 2004)"…the book represents a very useful compilation of site remediation information. It should save those seeking cost and technical data much time in literature search." (Journal of Hazardous Materials, September 2004)

• Preface ixChemicals Sorted by Chemical Groups 1Technologies Applicable to Specific Chemicals 11Alcohols 11Aldehydes 12Aldehydes and Ketones 13Aldehydes or Ketones with Other Functional Groups 13Aliphatic Hydrocarbons 14Aliphatic Nitriles and Cyanates 20Aliphatic Nitrosamines 21Aliphatic Organophosphorous Compounds 21Alkanes and Cyclic Alkanes 21Alkenes, Cyclic Alkenes, and Dienes 26Alkyl Halides 27Alkynes 28Aluminum 28Americium 29Amides 30Amines 30Antimony 31Aromatic Amines and Diamines 31Aromatic Nitriles and Cyanates 34Aromatic Nitro Compounds 34Aromatic Nitro Compounds with Other Functional Groups 35Aromatic Organophosphorous Compounds 35Aromatics with Halogenated Side Chain 35Arsenic 37Azo Compounds 40Azo Compounds, Hydrazine Derivatives 40Barium 40Benzene and Monosubstituted Benzene Hydrocarbons 42Benzene and Substituted Benzene Hydrocarbons 67Benzene, Toluene, Ethylbenzene, and Xylene (BTEX) 67Beryllium 73Bismuth 73Bromide Ion 73Cadmium 73Calcium 77Carbon Compounds 77Carboxylic Acids 77Carboxylic Acids and Derivatives 79Carboxylic Acids with Other Functional Groups 79Cesium 80Chlorine and Chlorine Compounds 81Chlorine Compounds 81Chlorine, Ionic Species 81Chromium 83Chromium-Containing Ionic Species 87Cobalt 88Copper 89Cyclic Ethers 91Dihalogenated and Polyhalogenated Ethers 92Dioxin and Related Compounds 94Disubstituted and Polysubstituted Benzene Hydrocarbons 97Elemental Sulfur 109Esters 109Ethers 112Fluoride Ion 113Glycols 113Glycols, Epoxides 115Gold 115Halogenated Aromatic Compounds 115Halogenated Ethers and Epoxides 116Halogenated Phenolic Compounds 116Halophenols 116Heterocyclic Nitrogen Compounds 123Heterocyclic Oxygen Compounds 123Heterocyclic Oxygen Compounds with Three or More Rings 123Hydrazine Derivatives 124Iodine 124Ionic Species Containing Iron 125Ions Containing Phosphorus 125Ions Containing Sulfur 125Ions with Nitrogen 126Iron 130Ketones 131Lanthanides 138Lead 138Lead Compounds 142Lithium 143Magnesium 143Manganese 144Mercury 145Molybdenum 147Monohydric Phenols 148Nickel 151Nitrogen Compounds 154Nitrophenolic Compounds 155Nitrophenols 155Nitrosamines 156Noncyclic Aliphatic or Aromatic Ethers 156Organophosphonates 159Organophosphorus Compounds 159Organosulfur Compounds with Other Functional Groups 159Other Nitrophenols 160Pesticides 160Phenols 165Platinum 166Plutonium 166Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons with More Than Five Fused Rings 167Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons, Four-Ring Compounds 168Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons, Two- or Three-Ring Compounds 175Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons; PAH; PNA; POM 187Polycyclic Hydrocarbons, Nonalternant Compounds with Four FusedRings 192Polycyclic Hydrocarbons, Nonalternant Compounds with Five FusedRings 195Polycyclic Hydrocarbons, Nonalternant Compounds with Fused Rings 198Polycyclic Hydrocarbons, Nonalternant Compounds with More ThanFive Fused Rings 204Polycyclic Hydrocarbons, Nonalternant Compounds with Two or ThreeFused Rings 205Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons, Five-Ring Compounds 208Potassium 212Primary Alcohols 212Primary Aliphatic Amines and Diamines 214Pyridine and Substituted Pyridines 215Pyrrole and Fused-Ring Derivatives of Pyrrole 215Radionuclides 216Radium 220Ring-Substituted Aromatics 220Saturated Alkyl Halides 236Secondary Alcohols 257Secondary Aliphatic Amines 258Selenium 260Silicon Compounds—Other Significant 261Silver 261Simple Aromatic Nitro Compounds 263Single-Ring Heterocyclic Sulfur Compounds 266Sodium 267Strontium 267Sulfides, Disulfides 268Sulfur 269Sulfur Compounds 269Sulfur Compounds—Other Significant 270Technetium 270Tertiary Alcohols 270Thallium 270Thiols 271Thiols, Sulfides, and Disulfides 271Thorium 271Tin 272Titanium 272Total Petroleum Hydrocarbons (TPH) 273Tungsten 282Unsaturated Alkyl Halides 282Uranium 304Vanadium 306Volatile Organic Compounds 307Zinc 316Zirconium 319Technologies with Abstracts and Technology Costs 320[Based on the Remediation Information Management System (RIMS)]References 1148Specific Chemical Index 1264

Jay H. Lehr, PhD, is the senior scientist at AR Environmental Services Inc. and Science Director at The Heartland Institute. The author of twelve books and over 400 articles on groundwater science, Dr. Lehr has worked extensively with the federal government to develop key environmental regulations regarding surface and groundwater. Wiley empowers learners, researchers, universities, and corporations to achieve their goals in an ever-changing world. For over 200 years, Wiley has been helping people and organizations develop the skills and knowledge they need to succeed. Wiley develops digital education, learning, assessment, and certification solutions to help universities, businesses, and individuals move between education and employment and achieve their ambitions. By partnering with learned societies, we support researchers to communicate discoveries that make a difference. Our online scientific, technical, medical, and scholarly journals, books, and other digital content build on a 200-year heritage of quality publishing.

"The author deserves an A+ on the effort regarding the technologies recognized and evaluated…" (Environmental Practice, March 2005) "...a concise reference...where all the information is in one volume...a welcome addition to the libraries of environmental consultants, regulators, and brownfield developers…" (Ground Water, May/June 2005)"...a must-have for all stakeholders in the contaminated sites industry." (Journal of Environmental Quality, May/June 2005)"...a worthwhile addition to the libraries of environmental consultants, regulators, and brownfield developers…" (The Professional Geologist, March/April 2005)"…compiles enough useful information for site remediation to make it a valuable library addition." (E-STREAMS, February 2005)"…a valuable reference text as well as an excellent educational resource regarding remediation technologies. It will look good standing next to all the other handbooks on my bookshelf." (Chemical Health & Safety, November/December 2004)"…the book represents a very useful compilation of site remediation information. It should save those seeking cost and technical data much time in literature search." (Journal of Hazardous Materials, September 2004)

• Preface ixChemicals Sorted by Chemical Groups 1Technologies Applicable to Specific Chemicals 11Alcohols 11Aldehydes 12Aldehydes and Ketones 13Aldehydes or Ketones with Other Functional Groups 13Aliphatic Hydrocarbons 14Aliphatic Nitriles and Cyanates 20Aliphatic Nitrosamines 21Aliphatic Organophosphorous Compounds 21Alkanes and Cyclic Alkanes 21Alkenes, Cyclic Alkenes, and Dienes 26Alkyl Halides 27Alkynes 28Aluminum 28Americium 29Amides 30Amines 30Antimony 31Aromatic Amines and Diamines 31Aromatic Nitriles and Cyanates 34Aromatic Nitro Compounds 34Aromatic Nitro Compounds with Other Functional Groups 35Aromatic Organophosphorous Compounds 35Aromatics with Halogenated Side Chain 35Arsenic 37Azo Compounds 40Azo Compounds, Hydrazine Derivatives 40Barium 40Benzene and Monosubstituted Benzene Hydrocarbons 42Benzene and Substituted Benzene Hydrocarbons 67Benzene, Toluene, Ethylbenzene, and Xylene (BTEX) 67Beryllium 73Bismuth 73Bromide Ion 73Cadmium 73Calcium 77Carbon Compounds 77Carboxylic Acids 77Carboxylic Acids and Derivatives 79Carboxylic Acids with Other Functional Groups 79Cesium 80Chlorine and Chlorine Compounds 81Chlorine Compounds 81Chlorine, Ionic Species 81Chromium 83Chromium-Containing Ionic Species 87Cobalt 88Copper 89Cyclic Ethers 91Dihalogenated and Polyhalogenated Ethers 92Dioxin and Related Compounds 94Disubstituted and Polysubstituted Benzene Hydrocarbons 97Elemental Sulfur 109Esters 109Ethers 112Fluoride Ion 113Glycols 113Glycols, Epoxides 115Gold 115Halogenated Aromatic Compounds 115Halogenated Ethers and Epoxides 116Halogenated Phenolic Compounds 116Halophenols 116Heterocyclic Nitrogen Compounds 123Heterocyclic Oxygen Compounds 123Heterocyclic Oxygen Compounds with Three or More Rings 123Hydrazine Derivatives 124Iodine 124Ionic Species Containing Iron 125Ions Containing Phosphorus 125Ions Containing Sulfur 125Ions with Nitrogen 126Iron 130Ketones 131Lanthanides 138Lead 138Lead Compounds 142Lithium 143Magnesium 143Manganese 144Mercury 145Molybdenum 147Monohydric Phenols 148Nickel 151Nitrogen Compounds 154Nitrophenolic Compounds 155Nitrophenols 155Nitrosamines 156Noncyclic Aliphatic or Aromatic Ethers 156Organophosphonates 159Organophosphorus Compounds 159Organosulfur Compounds with Other Functional Groups 159Other Nitrophenols 160Pesticides 160Phenols 165Platinum 166Plutonium 166Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons with More Than Five Fused Rings 167Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons, Four-Ring Compounds 168Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons, Two- or Three-Ring Compounds 175Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons; PAH; PNA; POM 187Polycyclic Hydrocarbons, Nonalternant Compounds with Four FusedRings 192Polycyclic Hydrocarbons, Nonalternant Compounds with Five FusedRings 195Polycyclic Hydrocarbons, Nonalternant Compounds with Fused Rings 198Polycyclic Hydrocarbons, Nonalternant Compounds with More ThanFive Fused Rings 204Polycyclic Hydrocarbons, Nonalternant Compounds with Two or ThreeFused Rings 205Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons, Five-Ring Compounds 208Potassium 212Primary Alcohols 212Primary Aliphatic Amines and Diamines 214Pyridine and Substituted Pyridines 215Pyrrole and Fused-Ring Derivatives of Pyrrole 215Radionuclides 216Radium 220Ring-Substituted Aromatics 220Saturated Alkyl Halides 236Secondary Alcohols 257Secondary Aliphatic Amines 258Selenium 260Silicon Compounds—Other Significant 261Silver 261Simple Aromatic Nitro Compounds 263Single-Ring Heterocyclic Sulfur Compounds 266Sodium 267Strontium 267Sulfides, Disulfides 268Sulfur 269Sulfur Compounds 269Sulfur Compounds—Other Significant 270Technetium 270Tertiary Alcohols 270Thallium 270Thiols 271Thiols, Sulfides, and Disulfides 271Thorium 271Tin 272Titanium 272Total Petroleum Hydrocarbons (TPH) 273Tungsten 282Unsaturated Alkyl Halides 282Uranium 304Vanadium 306Volatile Organic Compounds 307Zinc 316Zirconium 319Technologies with Abstracts and Technology Costs 320[Based on the Remediation Information Management System (RIMS)]References 1148Specific Chemical Index 1264

Jay H. Lehr, PhD, is the senior scientist at AR Environmental Services Inc. and Science Director at The Heartland Institute. The author of twelve books and over 400 articles on groundwater science, Dr. Lehr has worked extensively with the federal government to develop key environmental regulations regarding surface and groundwater. Wiley empowers learners, researchers, universities, and corporations to achieve their goals in an ever-changing world. For over 200 years, Wiley has been helping people and organizations develop the skills and knowledge they need to succeed. Wiley develops digital education, learning, assessment, and certification solutions to help universities, businesses, and individuals move between education and employment and achieve their ambitions. By partnering with learned societies, we support researchers to communicate discoveries that make a difference. Our online scientific, technical, medical, and scholarly journals, books, and other digital content build on a 200-year heritage of quality publishing.

"The author deserves an A+ on the effort regarding the technologies recognized and evaluated…" (Environmental Practice, March 2005) "...a concise reference...where all the information is in one volume...a welcome addition to the libraries of environmental consultants, regulators, and brownfield developers…" (Ground Water, May/June 2005)"...a must-have for all stakeholders in the contaminated sites industry." (Journal of Environmental Quality, May/June 2005)"...a worthwhile addition to the libraries of environmental consultants, regulators, and brownfield developers…" (The Professional Geologist, March/April 2005)"…compiles enough useful information for site remediation to make it a valuable library addition." (E-STREAMS, February 2005)"…a valuable reference text as well as an excellent educational resource regarding remediation technologies. It will look good standing next to all the other handbooks on my bookshelf." (Chemical Health & Safety, November/December 2004)"…the book represents a very useful compilation of site remediation information. It should save those seeking cost and technical data much time in literature search." (Journal of Hazardous Materials, September 2004)

• Preface ixChemicals Sorted by Chemical Groups 1Technologies Applicable to Specific Chemicals 11Alcohols 11Aldehydes 12Aldehydes and Ketones 13Aldehydes or Ketones with Other Functional Groups 13Aliphatic Hydrocarbons 14Aliphatic Nitriles and Cyanates 20Aliphatic Nitrosamines 21Aliphatic Organophosphorous Compounds 21Alkanes and Cyclic Alkanes 21Alkenes, Cyclic Alkenes, and Dienes 26Alkyl Halides 27Alkynes 28Aluminum 28Americium 29Amides 30Amines 30Antimony 31Aromatic Amines and Diamines 31Aromatic Nitriles and Cyanates 34Aromatic Nitro Compounds 34Aromatic Nitro Compounds with Other Functional Groups 35Aromatic Organophosphorous Compounds 35Aromatics with Halogenated Side Chain 35Arsenic 37Azo Compounds 40Azo Compounds, Hydrazine Derivatives 40Barium 40Benzene and Monosubstituted Benzene Hydrocarbons 42Benzene and Substituted Benzene Hydrocarbons 67Benzene, Toluene, Ethylbenzene, and Xylene (BTEX) 67Beryllium 73Bismuth 73Bromide Ion 73Cadmium 73Calcium 77Carbon Compounds 77Carboxylic Acids 77Carboxylic Acids and Derivatives 79Carboxylic Acids with Other Functional Groups 79Cesium 80Chlorine and Chlorine Compounds 81Chlorine Compounds 81Chlorine, Ionic Species 81Chromium 83Chromium-Containing Ionic Species 87Cobalt 88Copper 89Cyclic Ethers 91Dihalogenated and Polyhalogenated Ethers 92Dioxin and Related Compounds 94Disubstituted and Polysubstituted Benzene Hydrocarbons 97Elemental Sulfur 109Esters 109Ethers 112Fluoride Ion 113Glycols 113Glycols, Epoxides 115Gold 115Halogenated Aromatic Compounds 115Halogenated Ethers and Epoxides 116Halogenated Phenolic Compounds 116Halophenols 116Heterocyclic Nitrogen Compounds 123Heterocyclic Oxygen Compounds 123Heterocyclic Oxygen Compounds with Three or More Rings 123Hydrazine Derivatives 124Iodine 124Ionic Species Containing Iron 125Ions Containing Phosphorus 125Ions Containing Sulfur 125Ions with Nitrogen 126Iron 130Ketones 131Lanthanides 138Lead 138Lead Compounds 142Lithium 143Magnesium 143Manganese 144Mercury 145Molybdenum 147Monohydric Phenols 148Nickel 151Nitrogen Compounds 154Nitrophenolic Compounds 155Nitrophenols 155Nitrosamines 156Noncyclic Aliphatic or Aromatic Ethers 156Organophosphonates 159Organophosphorus Compounds 159Organosulfur Compounds with Other Functional Groups 159Other Nitrophenols 160Pesticides 160Phenols 165Platinum 166Plutonium 166Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons with More Than Five Fused Rings 167Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons, Four-Ring Compounds 168Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons, Two- or Three-Ring Compounds 175Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons; PAH; PNA; POM 187Polycyclic Hydrocarbons, Nonalternant Compounds with Four FusedRings 192Polycyclic Hydrocarbons, Nonalternant Compounds with Five FusedRings 195Polycyclic Hydrocarbons, Nonalternant Compounds with Fused Rings 198Polycyclic Hydrocarbons, Nonalternant Compounds with More ThanFive Fused Rings 204Polycyclic Hydrocarbons, Nonalternant Compounds with Two or ThreeFused Rings 205Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons, Five-Ring Compounds 208Potassium 212Primary Alcohols 212Primary Aliphatic Amines and Diamines 214Pyridine and Substituted Pyridines 215Pyrrole and Fused-Ring Derivatives of Pyrrole 215Radionuclides 216Radium 220Ring-Substituted Aromatics 220Saturated Alkyl Halides 236Secondary Alcohols 257Secondary Aliphatic Amines 258Selenium 260Silicon Compounds—Other Significant 261Silver 261Simple Aromatic Nitro Compounds 263Single-Ring Heterocyclic Sulfur Compounds 266Sodium 267Strontium 267Sulfides, Disulfides 268Sulfur 269Sulfur Compounds 269Sulfur Compounds—Other Significant 270Technetium 270Tertiary Alcohols 270Thallium 270Thiols 271Thiols, Sulfides, and Disulfides 271Thorium 271Tin 272Titanium 272Total Petroleum Hydrocarbons (TPH) 273Tungsten 282Unsaturated Alkyl Halides 282Uranium 304Vanadium 306Volatile Organic Compounds 307Zinc 316Zirconium 319Technologies with Abstracts and Technology Costs 320[Based on the Remediation Information Management System (RIMS)]References 1148Specific Chemical Index 1264