Portraits of Confucius

Kevin DeLapp is Harold E. Fleming Professor of Philosophy at Converse University, USA. He has published articles in the fields of metaethics, moral psychology, and cross-cultural philosophy, and he is the author of Moral Realism (2013) and Partial Values: A Comparative Study in the Limits of Objectivity (2018) and the co-editor of Lying and Truthfulness (2016).

[This] anthology is a trove of Confucian teachings.

• VOLUME IList of IllustrationsPrefaceEditorial IntroductionPart I. First ImpressionsIntroduction1. Galeote Pereira, “The First European Observations of Confucians” (1562)2. Gaspar da Cruz, “The Life and Habits of the Confucian Class” (1569)3. Bernardino de Escalante, “The Religion of the Lawyers” (1577)4. Juan González de Mendoza, “The Education of the Chinese” (1585)5. Richard Hakluyt, “Dialogue on China” (1599)6. Matteo Ricci, “A Confucian Catechism” (1603)7. Samuel Purchas, “Of the Religion Used in China” (1614)8. Nicolas Trigault, “The Prince of Chinese Philosophers” (1615)Part II. Second ThoughtsIntroduction9. Nicolò Longobardo, “Dissent within the Jesuit Reception” (1624)10. Álvaro Semedo, “The Scientific and Moral Teachings of the Literati” (1643)11. Martino Martini, “First Western Biography of Confucius” (1659)12. Domingo Navarrete, “A Dominican Portrait of Confucius” (1676)13. Prospero Intorcetta & Philippe Couplet, “Confucius, Philosopher of the Chinese” (1687)14. Louis Le Comte, “The Life and Maxims of Confucius” (1696)Part III. European ControversiesIntroduction15. François La Mothe le Vayer, “Confucius the Virtuous Pagan” (1642)16. Alexander Ross, “The Idolatry of Confucius” (1653)17. François Bernier, “The Confused Method of Chinese Philosophy” (1688)18. William Temple, “The Heroic Virtue of Confucius” (1692)19. John Locke, “The Incoherent Apothegms of Confucius” (1695)20. Gottfried Leibniz, “The News from China” (1700-1716)21. Pope Clement XI, “Rome Condemns Confucius” (1715)22. Christian Wolff, “Oration on the Practical Philosophy of the Chinese” (1721)Part IV. The Emerging Western ConsensusIntroduction23. Jean-Baptiste Du Halde, “Description of the Empire of China” (1734)24. Johann Brucker, “Confucius in a Critical History of Philosophy” (1744)25. John Jackson, “Confucius and Other Chronological Antiquities” (1752)26. Denis Diderot, “The Philosophy of the Chinese” (1753)27. Jean Leclerc, “Confucius in the Great Historical Dictionary” (1759)28. The Chinese Traveler, “A Biography of Confucius: Synthesized and Popularized” (1772)29. Lord Kames, “Confucius and Universal History” (1778)30. Lévesque de Burigny, “Moral Thoughts of Confucius” (1782)31. Jean-Joseph Amiot & Isidore-Stanislaus Helman, “The Life of Confucius, Illustrated” (1786)Part V. Early Comparisons and AppropriationsIntroduction32. François Fénelon, “Confucius and Socrates: A Dialogue of the Dead” (1700)33. Alexander Pope, “Confucius, Superior and Alone” (1715)34. John Toland, “A Pantheist Liturgy with Confucius” (1720)35. Matthew Tindal, “Confucius and Christian Morality” (1730)36. Marquis d’Argens, “A Confucian in Europe: A (Faux) Travelogue” (1735)37. Samuel Johnson, “Confucian Governance” (1738)38. Baron de Montesquieu, “The Consequences of Confucianism” (1748)39. Lord Bolingbroke, “Confucius, Atheism, and Chinese Antiquity” (1734-1754)40. Voltaire, “Confucius in the Philosophical Dictionary” (1764-1769)41. Johann Gottfried von Herder, “Confucianism Despite Nature” (1784)42. John Bell, “Eucharist to Confucius the Demi-God” (1790)Part VI. Confucius in Early AmericaIntroduction43. Benjamin Franklin, “From the Morals of Confucius” (1738)44. John Bartram, “Life and Character of the Chinese Philosopher Confucius” (1738)45. John Adams, “Assorted Remarks on Confucius” (1776-1818)46. Joel Barlow, “Confucius and Columbia” (1787-1807)47. Hannah Adams, “Confucianism as a Religion” (1791)48. Elias Boudinot, “Confucianism, Revelation or Infidelity?” (1801)Part VII. The Nineteenth-Century MissionsIntroduction49. Joshua Marshman, “The Works of Confucius” (1809)50. Robert Morrison, “A Chinese Decalogue” (1812)51. William Milne, “The Fallen State of Modern Confucianism” (1820)52. David Collie, “Memoirs of Confucius” (1828)53. Karl Gützlaff, “Thank God for Confucius” (1834)54. Walter Medhurst, “Confucius is an Impediment to Missionary Efforts” (1838)55. Samuel Kidd, “The Spirituality and Moral Teachings of Confucius” (1841)56. Elijah Bridgman & Samuel Williams, “Portrait of Confucius by the First American Missionaries” (1833-1849)57. Nikita Bichurin, “Confucius in Early Russian Sinology” (1844-1848)58. Samuel Williams, “The Power of Confucian Teachings” (1848)59. Évariste Huc, “Confucius, the Simple Citizen” (1855)60. Alexander Williamson, “The Enigma of Confucius” (1870)61. James Legge, “The Life and Works of Confucius” (1861-1880)62. John Ross, “Our Attitude toward Confucianism” (1887)63. John MacGowan, “Confucius Versus Christianity and Western Civilization” (1889-1913)64. Joseph Edkins, “Confucianism Unsatisfying” (1890)65. Rudolf Lechler, “Confucian Spiritual Yearnings” (1890)66. D.Z. Sheffield, “Confucian and Christian Education” (1886-1890)VOLUME II Part VIII. Nineteenth-Century PopularizationsIntroduction67. William Mavor, “Confucius the Reformer” (1802)68. The Literary Panorama, “Confucius and Muhammad Contrasted” (1813)69. The Penny Cyclopedia, “Confucius and the Diffusion of Useful Knowledge” (1837)70. The Ladies’ Repository, “Confucius for Nineteenth-Century Women” (1862)71. Epiphanius Wilson, “Confucius the Stoic” (1900)Part IX. The American TranscendentalistsIntroduction72. Ralph Waldo Emerson & Henry David Thoreau, “The Ethnical Scriptures of Confucius” (1843)73. Henry David Thoreau, “Confucius at Walden Pond” (1854)74. Ralph Waldo Emerson, “Praise for Confucius at the Chinese Embassy” (1868)75. Samuel Johnson, “The Relation of Confucius to Universal Religion” (1877)Part X. Confucius in the AcademyIntroduction76. Jean Pierre Abel-Rémusat, “Names and Honors of Confucius” (1814)77. Wilhelm Schott, “Life and Work of Confucius” (1826)78. G.W.F. Hegel, “Confucius and the Oriental Mind” (1826)79. Arthur Schopenhauer, “Confucius and the Will in Nature” (1836)80. Guillaume Pauthier, “Confucian Democracy versus Western Democracy” (1841)81. Friedrich Nietzsche, “Confucius and Truth” (1889-1895)82. Edward Parker, “The Life, Labors, and Doctrines of Confucius” (1897)83. J.J.M. de Groot, “Toward an Idealist Anthropology of Confucianism” (1910)84. William Soothill, “The Life and Times of Confucius” (1910)85. Georg Misch, “The Confucian Weltanschauung” (1950)Part XI. Economic and Political InterestsIntroduction86. Lorents Lang, “A Russian at the Court of the Mandarins” (1720)87. George Staunton, “Literary Habits and Character of the Chinese” (1798-1828)88. John Davis, “General History of China and Its Inhabitants” (1836)89. Ferdinand von Richthofen, “Confucius, Rigid and Cold” (1869)90. Archibald Colquhoun, “Across Chrysê” (1883)91. James Wilson, “Confucius, the Most Prescient Sage?” (1887)92. Henry Norman, “Confucius Blocks the Door to Civilization” (1895)93. Pierre Leroy-Beaulieu, “Confucius and the Awakening of the East” (1900)94. Edward Holden, “Confucius and American Immigration” (1902)95. Reginald Johnston, “Stop Blaming Confucius for Everything” (1910)96. Max Weber, “Confucius and the Protestant Ethic” (1915)97. Yvette Borup Andrews, “The Women Bound to Confucius” (1918)98. Bertrand Russell, “The Problems of China” (1922-1926)Part XII. The Rise of Comparative ReligionIntroduction99. Charles Hardwick, “Christ, Confucius, and Other Masters” (1858)100. George Matheson, “Confucius and the Spirit of Conservatism” (1882)101. G.T. Bettany, “The Primitive Religion of Confucius” (1890)102. G.G. Alexander, “Confucius the Great Teacher” (1890)103. Peng Guangyu, “Presentation of Confucius at the World’s Parliament of Religions” (1893)104. Kong Xianhe, “A Different View of Confucius at the World’s Parliament of Religions” (1893)105. Ernst Faber, “Confucianism and Christianity Compared at the World’s Parliament of Religions” (1893)106. J.G.R. Forlong, “A Short Study of Confucius in the Science of Comparative Religion” (1897)Part XIII. Confucius and the ModernistsIntroduction107. Goldsworthy Dickinson, “A Confucian at Cambridge” (1901)108. Dmitry Merezhkovsky, “Confucius, a Perfect Positivist” (1914)109. Ezra Pound, “Assorted Writings on Confucius” (1919-1943)110. Sadakichi Hartmann, “Confucius, a Play in Two Acts” (1923)Part XIV. Confucius Goes Mainstream in the Twentieth CenturyIntroduction111. Gu Hongming, “Confucius and the Spirit of the Chinese People” (1915)112. Elsie McCormick, “Audacious Angles on Confucius” (1922)113. Lin Yutang, “Confucius As I Know Him” (1930-1938)114. Paul Robeson, “Confucius and African American Identity” (1934-1955)115. Carl Crow, “Confucius versus Kongzi” (1938)116. H.G. Creel, “Confucius and Democracy” (1949)117. Karl Jaspers, “Confucius, A Paradigmatic Individual” (1957)Appendix: Confucius in Modern ChinaTimelinesGuides to Transliteration & PronunciationPermissions AcknowledgementsBibliographyIndex