Cambridge Library Collection - British and Irish History, 19th Century – serie
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250 produkter
250 produkter
Progress and Poverty
An Inquiry into the Cause of Industrial Depressions and of Increase of Want with Increase of Wealth; The Remedy
Häftad, Engelska, 2009
649 kr
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Henry George (1839-97) was an American journalist and newspaper editor. In Progress and Poverty, his most famous work (1879), he seeks to explain the apparent paradox that the gulf between rich and poor in a developed city (or nation) is much less that that in a less developed community: 'Like a flash it came over me that there was the reason of advancing poverty with advancing wealth. With the growth of population, land grows in value, and the men who work it must pay more for the privilege.' His economic ideas were widely debated, and this volume also contains a response to the 1881 English edition of the book from Isaac B. Cooke, a cotton broker from Liverpool, and Andrew Mearns's The Bitter Cry of Outcast London (1883), a short but telling description of the reality of the poverty then to be found in the world's richest city.
454 kr
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In 1901, George Sturt (using the pen-name George Bourne) published this biography of his gardener, Frederick Bettesworth. This unusual ethnographic account, written in a modified dialect, uniquely captures rural life in late nineteenth-century England. The book bridges the class divide between 'master and man' as Sturt, through many interviews, gets to know his down-to-earth day labourer, and comes to understand peasant life and poverty as seen through the eyes of Bettesworth. In the introduction, Sturt precisely lays out his interviewing methodology, which allows the reader to understand both men as the conversations, and the book, progress. Through 35 chapters, he opens a window on the social relationships between the classes amid descriptions of the work, childhood, education, and family life of the region's agricultural workers. Sturt is humbled and enriched by his friendship with Bettesworth, calling him the 'voice of Britain', a man 'rugged, unresting, irresistible'.
370 kr
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William Cobbett (1763-1835) was at various times a soldier, a farmer, a radical activist and politician, and a journalist. At a time when the Industrial Revolution was dramatically changing the face of rural Britain, Cobbett was constantly concerned with improving the living conditions of the labouring classes. First published in 1821 as a series of pamphlets that sold over 30,000 copies, Cottage Economy demonstrates Cobbett's philosophy that the labourer should be taught industry, sobriety, frugality and 'the duty of using his best exertions for the rearing of his family'. With practical instructions, still relevant to those who seek to become self-reliant, Cobbett teaches the labouring classes of the nineteenth century the arts of brewing beer, keeping livestock, making bread, and 'other matters deemed useful in the conducting of the Affairs of a Labourer's Family.' Cottage Economy performs timelessly as the quintessential guide to self-sufficiency.
Rural Rides in the Counties
Surrey, Kent, Sussex, Hampshire, Wiltshire,Gloucestershire, Herefordshire, Worcestershire, Somersetshire, Oxfordshire, Berkshire, Essex, Suffolk, Norfolk and Hertfordshire
Häftad, Engelska, 2009
817 kr
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With a reported 8,000 people attending his funeral in 1835, William Cobbett (1763-1835) is remembered as one of the most vocal and committed champions of political reform in eighteenth- and nineteenth-century Britain. Returning to England in 1800 from self-imposed political exile, Cobbett was deeply shocked by the advances of the Industrial Revolution. The rural culture to which he was devoted was being destroyed and, a truly modern journalist, he suddenly desired 'to see the country, to see the farmers at home, and to see the labourers in the fields'. Cobbett rode through the towns and villages of England, giving voice to the plight of the oppressed labouring classes. His observations, first published in serial form between 1822 and 1826, were titled Rural Rides. They are an elegy to traditional agriculture, and one of the most extensive social commentaries ever published on agrarian life in the early nineteenth century.
356 kr
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Richard Jefferies (1848-87) remains one of the most thoughtful and most lyrical writers on the English countryside. He had aspirations to make a living as a novelist, but it was his short factually based articles for The Live Stock Journal and other magazines, drawn from a wealth of knowledge of the rural community into which he had been born, which when brought together in book form brought him recognition (though not wealth) and which continued to be read and admired after his early death. The Gamekeeper at Home (also reissued in this series) and The Amateur Poacher were both collections of essays in the style of reminiscences of a rural way of life which, though never idyllic, was by the 1870s beginning to undergo a period of rapid change, through both the onset of mechanisation and agricultural depression.
370 kr
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Richard Jefferies (1848-87) remains one of the most thoughtful and most lyrical writers on the English countryside. He had aspirations to make a living as a novelist, but it was his short factually based articles for The Live Stock Journal and other magazines, drawn from a wealth of knowledge of the rural community into which he had been born, which when brought together in book form brought him recognition (though not wealth) and which continued to be read and admired after his early death. The Gamekeeper at Home and The Amateur Poacher (also reissued in this series) were both collections of essays in the style of reminiscences of a rural way of life which, though never idyllic, was by the 1870s beginning to undergo a period of rapid change, through both the onset of mechanisation and agricultural depression.
The Whistler at the Plough
Containing Travels, Statistics, and Descriptions of Scenery and Agricultural Customs in most parts of England
Häftad, Engelska, 2009
622 kr
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Alexander Somerville (1811-85) was an extraordinary figure, notorious in his own lifetime for his espousal of political reform. The youngest child of impoverished farmers from the Scottish border country, he was the last soldier to be flogged publicly in Britain, after openly stating that his regiment would not fire on Reform agitators. In his subsequent journalistic career his stance was influenced by his concern that violent revolution would inevitably be crushed and so lead to greater suffering among the working class, and he therefore supported the less radical reform movement urged by Cobden. He was a passionate opponent of the Corn Laws, and The Whistler at the Plough (published in 1852) is a collection of his letters and essays for the Anti-Corn-Law League, based on information gathered during his own travels around the country. The volume also contains his eyewitness account of the Irish famine of 1847.
An Inquiry, whether Crime and Misery are Produced or Prevented, by our Present System of Prison Discipline
Häftad, Engelska, 2009
342 kr
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Thomas Fowell Buxton, M. P. (1786-1845) was a philanthropist who had many connections with the Quaker movement through the family of his wife, who was the sister of Henry Gurney and Elizabeth Fry. He was a passionate opponent of slavery, and campaigned to end it at a time when most British people believed that enough had been done by the abolition of slave trading in 1807. His other great interest was the punishment of crime: he wanted the death sentence abolished, and his campaign succeeded in reducing the number of capital crimes from over two hundred to eight. This book is a plea for a complete change in the purpose and operation of prisons, and an argument (still valid today) that prisons actually encourage crime and produce recidivists rather than reformed characters. Buxton draws on own his experience as a visitor to produce a harrowing account of Victorian prison conditions.
A Letter to the Queen on Lord Chancellor Cranworth's Marriage and Divorce Bill
Häftad, Engelska, 2010
351 kr
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Caroline Norton (1808-1877) was a Victorian author and campaigner for social reform, especially reform of women's legal rights. In this lucidly written account Norton describes how upon marriage in 1855 women became legally 'non-existent': they could not bring cases to court; they could not enter into a contract; they could not instigate a divorce and their possessions, earnings and any bequests made to them automatically became their husband's property. Norton explains how this lack of legal autonomy affected women if they became estranged from their husbands, using her own experiences for illustration and recommending changes which would improve women's legal position. Published in 1855 when Parliament was debating the subject of divorce reform, this volume shows the legal position of women at this time. It provides the opinions of contemporary legislators in support and opposition on the issues of women's legal rights and reform of divorce laws.
Conversations on Political Economy
In Which the Elements of that Science are Familiarly Explained
Häftad, Engelska, 2010
549 kr
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Published at a pivotal moment in the economic development of Britain, Conversations on Political Economy (1816) influenced a generation of economists, politicians and intellectuals. Employing her trademark format of dialogues between Mrs. Bryan and her pupil Caroline, Marcet introduces readers to theories surrounding property, population, and the 'condition of the poor'. Despite a target audience of young women, there is little evidence of feminine sentimentality, nor does the author's commitment to female education prevent her from propounding challenging, often controversial arguments; an approach which won her admiration. As one of her avid readers, Anne Romilly wrote, 'those, who like me know very little ... are delighted with the knowledge they have acquired'. In fact, the first edition was so well received that a second was called for before the author had time to make corrections. Marcet had become, as one of her obituarists later put it, the 'instructress of a generation'.
412 kr
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Sydney, Lady Morgan (?1783-1859) is best remembered as a novelist whose highly successful historical romances often dealt with sexual, religious and racial discrimination. This work, published in 1840, examines the role of women in history. Morgan originally planned to write four volumes, but owing to her ill health only the first two, focusing on the Old Testament and classical civilization, were completed. Morgan proposes the view that women were really the dominant sex that shaped human society. She criticizes the legal discrimination against women that persists even in an age when superiority is no longer defined by physical strength. In Volume 1 she focuses on 'savage' and 'semi-civilized' peoples, and examples of societies as described in the Old Testament. Morgan writes vividly and passionately about the indignities to which women are subjected by men. For more information on this author, see http://orlando.cambridge.org/public/svPeople?person_id=morgsy
356 kr
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Charlotte Montefiore (1818-1854) published A Few Words to the Jews anonymously in 1853. The volume is a collection of essays on Anglo-Jewish life, covering topics including the Sabbath, Jewish women, religious reform and practice, Jewish materialism, immortality, the idea of truth, and religious festivals. The essays, like Montefiore's collection of short stories, The Cheap Jewish Library, and her novel, Caleb Asher, carry a strong message of social justice. Montefiore, a wealthy, aristocratic and influential Jew, was deeply involved in social welfare and the education of young people within her community, establishing a number of foundations to aid underprivileged Jews, including the Jewish Emigration Society. In A Few Words Montefiore argued her case against inequality and economic exploitation within Jewish communities. The work offers a fascinating insight into the life and politics of Victorian Jews. For more information on this author, see http://orlando.cambridge.org/public/svPeople?person_id=montc2
373 kr
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Frances Power Cobbe (1822-1904) was an Irish writer, social reformer and activist best known for her contributions to Victorian feminism and women's suffrage. After the death of her father in 1857, Cobbe travelled extensively across Europe before becoming a leader-writer addressing public issues for the London newspaper The Echo in 1868. She continued to publish on the topics of feminism, social problems and theology for the rest of her life. This volume, first published in 1863, contains a series of essays discussing topics of importance to early feminists. Cobbe explores sexual and matrimonial inequality and the changing status of and opportunities for single women, and advocates greater and more extensive female education. Cobbe also discusses possible reasons behind the inequality and limitations experienced by singe and married women, providing insights into the lives experienced by Victorian women and exemplifying the ideas and concerns of contemporary feminists.
468 kr
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Dinah Craik (1826-1887) was a prolific writer of fiction, poetry and essays. She was best known for her novels, which appropriated well-worked narratives of individuals triumphing over adversity through hard work and moral integrity against a backdrop of industrialisation and the ascent of the middle classes. The most successful, John Halifax, Gentleman, tells the tale of a boy who works his way out of poverty. Craik herself was familiar with hardship: her father Thomas Mulock, a nonconformist minister, had spent periods confined to a lunatic asylum, and abandoned his children after his wife's death in 1854. In this work (originally published serially in Chambers's Journal of Popular Literature, Science and Arts), Craik provided support and advice for single women like herself. She was highly critical of learned helplessness and advocated independence and cross-class sympathy, believing women should 'lead active, intelligent, industrious lives: lives complete in themselves'.
412 kr
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In the preface to this 1859 book Harriet Martineau (1802-1876) tells the reader that this 'is not a work of invention' or a 'fancy-piece' and thereby sets the tone for a study that is partly historical and partly sociological. In the writing of the book, Martineau collaborated with another prominent nineteenth-century figure, Florence Nightingale. They wished to gain political support for improvements in military hygiene and health care. Martineau draws on Nightingale's experiences when nursing wounded soldiers during the Crimean War and builds it into a strong narrative that describes the conditions that soldiers experienced in the barracks, in hospitals and on the field, making practical recommendations as to how to improve these areas, by legislation if necessary, so as to ensure the future good health of Britain's armed forces. For more information on this author, see http://orlando.cambridge.org/public/svPeople?person_id=martha
413 kr
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The publication of Queen Victoria's journals in 1858 made her a best-selling author almost immediately. Dedicated to her late husband, Victoria's diary entries detail her Highland holidays at Balmoral in Aberdeenshire, frequented by the royal family since 1848. Writing of mountain adventures, boating, and other outdoor activities, the Queen portrays an idyllic family life far away from the politics and prying eyes of the London public. Her Highland exploits are supplemented with accounts of travels in England and Ireland and yachting expeditions. As Victoria had retreated from public life following the death of Albert, the publication of her journals gave the public access to their monarch in a different form, and the popularity of this book resulted in the subsequent publication, More Leaves from a Journal of a Life in the Highlands in 1884. For more information on this author, see http://orlando.cambridge.org/public/svPeople?person_id=victqu
566 kr
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Henry Grey, 3rd Earl Grey (1802-1894) served as Great Britain's Secretary of State for War and the Colonies during the 1846-1852 administration of Prime Minister Lord John Russell. Following his time in office, Grey composed the two-volume Colonial Policy (1853) as a means of illuminating the actions and policies of the government he helped lead. Written in the form of letters addressed to Lord John himself, its goal was to give readers curious about colonial policy 'the means of knowing the real character and scope of those measures, and the grounds upon which they were adopted'. In this first volume, Grey offers some preliminary remarks before focusing on the Caribbean, British North America, and Australia. Seen in its entirety, this 'insider' work remains an important resource for students of colonial policy during this period of the expansion of British rule.
496 kr
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Henry Grey, 3rd Earl Grey (1802-1894) served as Great Britain's Secretary of State for War and the Colonies during the 1846 to 1852 administration of Prime Minister Lord John Russell. Following his time in office, Grey composed the two-volume Colonial Policy (1853) as a means of illuminating the actions and policies of the government he helped lead. Written in the form of letters addressed to Lord John himself, its goal was to give readers curious about colonial policy 'the means of knowing the real character and scope of those measures, and the grounds upon which they were adopted'. In this second volume, Grey focuses on Australia, New Zealand, Hong Kong, and Africa before offering some concluding observations. Seen in its entirety, this 'insider' work remains an important resource for students of colonial policy during this period of the expansion of British rule.
373 kr
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Bessie Rayner Parkes (1829-1925) was an English poet, writer and prominent early feminist best known for her campaigns for women's right to work and receive professional training. After meeting fellow feminist activist Barbara Bodichon (1827-1891) they founded the first English feminist journal, The English Woman's Review in 1858. Parkes served as its principal editor between 1858-1864. This volume, first published in 1865 and containing several essays from The English Woman's Review, advocates for young middle-class women to be given the opportunity to work and earn a living in safe conditions with fair pay. Parkes links the changes in society caused by the Industrial Revolution to the need for women to work. Her reassurance that married women should still be supported by their husbands illustrates how Parkes, like other contemporary feminists, worked within the contemporary social framework and used existing social norms to justify her aims.
Autobiography of Mrs. Fletcher of Edinburgh
With Selections from Her Letters and Other Family Memorials
Häftad, Engelska, 2010
491 kr
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Eliza Fletcher (born Eliza Dawson) (1770-1858) was an English writer, literary patron and supporter of parliamentary reform and liberal politics. Fletcher became a patron of the poets Ann Yearsley and Hannah More, and later in life formed friendships with prominent writers Elizabeth Gaskell and Harriet Martineau. After her marriage to politician and electoral reformer Archibald Fletcher in 1791, she became more radical in her political views. This volume, first published in 1874, contains Fletcher's autobiography, edited by her daughter, Lady Mary Richardson. Fletcher describes her life chronologically, providing fascinating detail on her childhood and adolescence, and citing correspondence illustrating her relationships with her friends. She provides sharp observations on political issues and describes the social and literary circles in which she moved, giving valuable information on literary society and politics during the early nineteenth century. For more information on this author, see http://orlando.cambridge.org/public/svPeople?person_id=fletel
332 kr
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Josephine Elizabeth Butler (1828-1906) was a prominent English feminist who was best known for her controversial campaigns concerning the welfare and civil rights of prostitutes. In 1869 she became the leader of the campaign to limit the extension of the Contagious Diseases Acts. These Acts aimed to control the spread of venereal diseases in the armed forces through mandatory internal examinations and imprisonment for women accused of prostitution. Butler's campaign was instrumental in having the Acts repealed in 1886. In this volume of 1871, Butler denounces the Acts for denying accused women their civil rights, and discusses how repeal, together with universal suffrage and constitutional reform, would prevent this situation from recurring. Butler was one of the first feminists to frame her arguments explicitly through female experiences, and this volume illustrates her approach. For more information on this author, see http://orlando.cambridge.org/public/svPeople?person_id=butljo
549 kr
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First published in 1869, this influential volume contains a compilation of essays written by prominent Victorian feminists and their supporters, both men and women, discussing a variety of issues which were considered of importance to the early feminist movement. Edited by campaigner Josephine Butler (1828-1906), the contributions from activists and supporters including Frances Power Cobbe (1822-1904) and Sophia Jex-Blake (1840-1912) challenge the widespread assumption that 'women's sphere is the home', through discussion of the contemporary attitude to and condition of women. Various aspects of the inequality which women experienced, including the need for female suffrage, the ending of women's legal non-existence, and the right of women to access higher education and careers including medicine and science, are explored and advocated, illustrating the central concerns of the early feminist movement and the areas in which the movement had success in later years.
265 kr
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Frances Power Cobbe (1822-1904) was an Irish writer, social reformer and activist best known for her contributions to Victorian feminism. After the death of her father in 1857, Cobbe travelled extensively across Europe before becoming a leader-writer for the London newspaper The Echo in 1868. She continued to publish on the topics of feminism, social problems and theology for the rest of her life. This volume, first published in 1881, contains a series of essays discussing the ethical practice of feminism. Written during a transitional period for the movement, when calls for universal suffrage were becoming the defining feature of feminism, Cobbe advocates the need for women to practice a form of emancipation which does not conform to stereotypical views, in order to avoid a public backlash against universal suffrage. Emphasising the political importance of private behaviours, this volume demonstrates feminist responses to changes in nineteenth century feminism.
Women and Work
An Essay Treating on the Relation to Health and Physical Development, of the Higher Education of Girls, and the Intellectual or More Systematised Effort of Women
Häftad, Engelska, 2010
332 kr
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Emily Pfeiffer (1827-1890) was a British poet, writer and feminist. Best known for her poetry and sonnets, Pfeiffer also published essays and articles for numerous publications addressing the status of women in contemporary society. This volume, first published in 1888, contains Pfeiffer's analysis of social attitudes towards higher education and professional work for women. She explores in detail the social attitudes which discouraged women from attempting higher education, and describes and refutes contemporary medical opinions concerning the supposed dangers to health women faced in pursuit of it. She also presents an economic argument advocating the entry of women both to higher education and to professional employment. This volume provides a valuable analysis of contemporary attitudes to women's education during a period when the beginnings of change were accompanied by much controversy. For more information on this author, see http://orlando.cambridge.org/public/svPeople?person_id=pfeiem
491 kr
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Sarah Stickney Ellis (1799-1872) was a prolific writer on female education and women's role in the world. She established a school at Rawdon House, Hertfordshire, to give girls an intellectual and moral training, as well as purely domestic skills, since as future mothers they would be the primary teachers and moulders of the next generation of society. The Women of England, published in 1839, was one of her most successful works, and was an important contribution to the debate on the position of women in society, particularly for the middle classes. Although she argues that women were equal to men, and morally superior, she does not question their legal and social subordination, but intends them to use their influence in their own sphere, and subtly, for the good of the family and society in general. For more information on this author, see http://orlando.cambridge.org/public/svPeople?person_id=ellisa
370 kr
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Francis Scougal was one of the pseudonyms of Felicia Skene (1821-1899), a writer and philanthropist, who also wrote fiction and religious works. She was particularly noted for her work with 'fallen women' and in the campaign for penal reform. This 1889 work was the result of ten years prison-visiting at Oxford Gaol. She argues for greater emphasis on rehabilitation of prisoners: they will be bound to re-offend if they are treated inhumanly while imprisoned and as outcasts when released. She argues against mandatory sentencing, on the grounds that individual cases cannot be treated identically; and opposes capital punishment, both because miscarriages of justice are bound to occur at times, and also because it does not act as a deterrent. Her non-judgmental account is remarkably modern. For more information on this author, see http://orlando.cambridge.org/public/svPeople?person_id=skenfe
265 kr
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Sir Ebenezer Howard (1850-1928) travelled to the USA and was inspired by the rebuilding of Chicago, as well as his interest in social welfare, to found the Garden City Association in 1899. Howard believed that the solution to overcrowding and poor conditions in modern industrial towns was to produce new planned communities which created a 'joyous union' of town and country. The goal of the garden city was to combine the attractions of town life with access to nature and a healthier lifestyle. The first of these communities, Letchworth Garden City, was established in the early 1900s, followed by Welwyn Garden City in the 1920s. This volume, first published in 1898, sets out Howard's utopian vision in full; explaining how a garden city would be financed, planned and administered. Energetic and conversational in style, this book is a charming introduction to Howard's ground-breaking and influential ideas.
491 kr
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Lady Jane Francesca Wilde (1821-1896) is today best known as the mother of Oscar Wilde (1854-1900), but in her lifetime was famous in her own right as a fervent supporter of Irish Nationalism. After the death of her husband in 1876, Lady Wilde wrote to support herself, her other works including essays, literary criticism and travel writing. She was also a strong supporter of feminism and the campaign for female suffrage and legal rights. This volume, first published in 1893, contains a collection of essays on various topics of importance to Lady Wilde, including feminism, good manners and aesthetic clothing, with short biographies of Irish Nationalist leaders. This volume was Lady Wilde's last published work, and provides a valuable example of her writing style and the influence of the aesthetic movement on social behaviour. For more information on this author, see http://orlando.cambridge.org/public/svPeople?person_id=wildja
496 kr
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Josephine Butler (1828-1906) was a prominent English feminist who was best known for her controversial campaigns concerning the welfare and civil rights of prostitutes. In 1869 she became the leader of the movement to limit the extension of the Contagious Diseases Acts, and was instrumental in having the Acts repealed in 1886. She later became involved in campaigns to stop child trafficking and child prostitution, which led to the age of consent being raised to 16 from 13 in 1885. This volume, first published in 1893, contains Butler's memoirs of her many campaigns. Focusing on the years 1869-1880, Butler explains the political background to the Contagious Diseases Acts, describes the moral and political opposition to the legislation, explores the ideology of the repeal campaign and describes her role. For more information on this author, see http://orlando.cambridge.org/public/svPeople?person_id=butljo
373 kr
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Mona Caird (1854-1932) was a British novelist and early radical feminist social critic who insisted on maintaining her independence after marrying. Her 1888 article 'Marriage', in which she criticised marriage for limiting and subordinating women and called for equality between partners, sparked a furious controversy, and brought her widespread recognition. This volume, first published in 1897, contains a collection of Caird's feminist essays. She analyses the indignities marriage caused for women, both historically and contemporaneously, and advocates both equality in marriage (including in domestic duties) and women's economic independence. Caird also examines and criticises contemporary ideals of motherhood, discussing legislation and changes in social attitudes which would improve the lives of mothers. This volume presents a detailed account of controversial late-Victorian radical feminist views and criticisms. For more information on this author, see http://orlando.cambridge.org/public/svPeople?person_id=cairmo