Advanced Courses in Mathematics - CRM Barcelona – serie

This book is aimed at mathematicians, scientists, and engineers, studying models that involve a discontinuity, or studying the theory of nonsmooth systems for its own sake. It is divided in two complementary courses: piecewise smooth flows and maps, respectively. Starting from well known theoretical results, the authors bring the reader into the latest challenges in the field, going through stability analysis, bifurcation, singularities, decomposition theorems and an introduction to kneading theory. Both courses contain many examples which illustrate the theoretical concepts that are introduced.

This book collects the notes of the lectures given at the Advanced Course on Crossed Products, Groupoids, and Rokhlin dimension, that took place at the Centre de Recerca Matemàtica (CRM) from March 13 to March 17, 2017.

This book is directed towards graduate students that wish to start from the basic theory of C*-algebras and advance to an overview of some of the most spectacular results concerning the structure of nuclear C*-algebras. The text is divided into three parts.

This book contains a clear exposition of two contemporary topics in modern differential geometry:distance geometric analysis on manifolds, in particular, comparison theory for distance functions in spaces which have well defined bounds on their curvaturethe study of scalar curvature rigidity and positive mass theorems using spinors and the Dirac operatorIt is intended for both graduate students and researchers.This second edition has been updated to include recent developments such as promising results concerning the geometry of exit time moment spectra and potential analysis in weighted Riemannian manifolds, as well as results pertaining to an early conjecture on the geometry of the scalar curvature and speculations on new geometric approaches to the Index Theorem.

This textbook contains the lecture series originally delivered at the "Advanced Course on Limit Cycles of Differential Equations" in the Centre de Recerca Matemàtica Barcelona in 2006. The topics covered are the center-focus problem for polynomial vector fields, and the application of Abelian integrals to limit cycle bifurcations.

This book presents the notes originating from five series of lectures given at the CRM Barcelona in 21-25 June, 2021, during the “Higher homotopical structures” programme.Since their introduction 60 years ago, the notions of infinity algebras (Stasheff, Sugawara), higher categories (Boardman-Vogt), operads (May), and model categories (Quillen) have given rise to powerful new tools which made possible the resolution of open problems and prompted revolutions in many domains like algebraic topology (rational homotopy theory, faithful algebraic invariants of the homotopy type of spaces), deformation theory (formality theorems, formal moduli problems), and mathematical physics (quantization of Poisson manifolds, quantum field theories), to name but a few. This theory of higher structures using operadic calculus is currently under rapid development. The aim of this book is to provide the community with an accessible state-of-the-art, while at the same time giving interested researchers and advanced students a brief overview on the subject.

mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">Graduate students and early-stage researchers with basic knowledge in differential and symplectic geometry, together with established researchers that are keen to dive into this rapidly growing field of research, will find this book a useful resource.

Geometric flows have many applications in physics and geometry. The mean curvature flow also has many geometric applications, in analogy with the Ricci flow of metrics on abstract riemannian manifolds.

This book is an introduction to two higher-categorical topics in algebraic topology and algebraic geometry relying on simplicial methods. It is based on lectures - livered at the Centre de Recerca Matem ati ca in February 2008, as part of a special year on Homotopy Theory and Higher Categories. Ieke Moerdijk's lectures constitute an introduction to the theory ofdendroidal sets, an extension of the theory of simplicial sets designed as a foundation for the homotopy theory of operads. The theory has many features analogous to the theory of simplicial sets, but it also reveals many new phenomena, thanks to the presence of automorphisms of trees. Dendroidal sets admit a closed symmetric monoidal structure related to the Boardman{Vogt tensor product. The lecture notes develop the theory very carefully, starting from scratch with the combinatorics of trees, and culminating with a model structure on the category of dendroidal sets for which the brant objects are the inner Kan dendroidal sets. The important concepts are illustrated with detailed examples.

The theory of optimization, understood in a broad sense, is the basis of modern applied mathematics, covering a large spectrum of topics from theoretical considerations (structure, stability) to applied operational research and engineering applications. The compiled material of this book puts on display this versatility, by exhibiting the three parallel and complementary components of optimization: theory, algorithms, and practical problems.The book contains an expanded version of three series of lectures delivered by the authors at the CRM in July 2009. The first part is a self-contained course on the general moment problem and its relations with semidefinite programming. The second part is dedicated to the problem of determination of Nash equilibria from an algorithmic viewpoint. The last part presents congestion models for traffic networks and develops modern optimization techniques for finding traffic equilibria based on stochastic optimization and game theory.

This book contains an expanded version of lectures delivered by the authors at the CRM in Spring of 2009. It contains four series of lectures. The first one is an application of harmonic analysis and the Heisenberg group to understand human vision. The second and third series of lectures cover some of the main topics on linear and multilinear harmonic analysis. The last one is a clear introduction to a deep result of De Giorgi, Moser and Nash on regularity of elliptic partial differential equations in divergence form.

The notes in this volume correspond to advanced courses held at the Centre de Recerca Matemàtica as part of the research program in Arithmetic Geometry in the 2009-2010 academic year.The notes by Laurent Berger provide an introduction to p-adic Galois representations and Fontaine rings, which are especially useful for describing many local deformation rings at p that arise naturally in Galois deformation theory.The notes by Gebhard Böckle offer a comprehensive course on Galois deformation theory, starting from the foundational results of Mazur and discussing in detail the theory of pseudo-representations and their deformations, local deformations at places l ≠ p and local deformations at p which are flat. In the last section,the results of Böckle and Kisin on presentations of global deformation rings over local ones are discussed.The notes by Mladen Dimitrov present the basics of the arithmetic theory of Hilbert modular forms and varieties, with an emphasis on the study of the images of the attached Galois representations, on modularity lifting theorems over totally real number fields, and on the cohomology of Hilbert modular varieties with integral coefficients.The notes by Lassina Dembélé and John Voight describe methods for performing explicit computations in spaces of Hilbert modular forms. These methods dependon the Jacquet-Langlands correspondence and on computations in spaces of quaternionic modular forms, both for the case of definite and indefinite quaternion algebras. Several examples are given, and applications to modularity of Galois representations are discussed.The notes by Tim Dokchitser describe the proof, obtained by the author in a joint project with Vladimir Dokchitser, of the parity conjecture for elliptic curves over number fields under the assumption of finiteness of the Tate-Shafarevich group. The statement of the Birch and Swinnerton-Dyer conjecture is included, as well as a detailed study of local and global root numbers of elliptic curves and their classification.

This book targets graduate students and researchers who want to learn about Lebesgue spaces and solutions to hyperbolic equations. It is divided into two parts.Part 1 provides an introduction to the theory of variable Lebesgue spaces: Banach function spaces like the classical Lebesgue spaces but with the constant exponent replaced by an exponent function. These spaces arise naturally from the study of partial differential equations and variational integrals with non-standard growth conditions. They have applications to electrorheological fluids in physics and to image reconstruction. After an introduction that sketches history and motivation, the authors develop the function space properties of variable Lebesgue spaces; proofs are modeled on the classical theory. Subsequently, the Hardy-Littlewood maximal operator is discussed. In the last chapter, other operators from harmonic analysis are considered, such as convolution operators and singular integrals. The text is mostly self-contained, with only some more technical proofs and background material omitted. Part 2 gives an overview of the asymptotic properties of solutions to hyperbolic equations and systems with time-dependent coefficients. First, an overview of known results is given for general scalar hyperbolic equations of higher order with constant coefficients. Then strongly hyperbolic systems with time-dependent coefficients are considered. A feature of the described approach is that oscillations in coefficients are allowed. Propagators for the Cauchy problems are constructed as oscillatory integrals by working in appropriate time-frequency symbol classes. A number of examples is considered and the sharpness of results is discussed. An exemplary treatment of dissipative terms shows how effective lower order terms can change asymptotic properties and thus complements the exposition.

This volume collects the texts of five courses given in the Arithmetic Geometry Research Programme 2009-2010 at the CRM Barcelona. All of them deal with characteristic p global fields; the common theme around which they are centered is the arithmetic of L-functions (and other special functions), investigated in various aspects. Three courses examine some of the most important recent ideas in the positive characteristic theory discovered by Goss (a field in tumultuous development, which is seeing a number of spectacular advances): they cover respectively crystals over function fields (with a number of applications to L-functions of t-motives), gamma and zeta functions in characteristic p, and the binomial theorem. The other two are focused on topics closer to the classical theory of abelian varieties over number fields: they give respectively a thorough introduction to the arithmetic of Jacobians over function fields (including the current status of the BSD conjecture and its geometric analogues, and the construction of Mordell-Weil groups of high rank) and a state of the art survey of Geometric Iwasawa Theory explaining the recent proofs of various versions of the Main Conjecture, in the commutative and non-commutative settings.

Steven Hurder's lectures apply ideas from smooth dynamical systems to develop useful concepts in the study of foliations: limit sets and cycles for leaves, leafwise geodesic flow, transverse exponents, Pesin Theory and hyperbolic, parabolic and elliptic types of foliations.

In the last years there has been significant progress in the theory of valuations, which in turn has led to important achievements in integral geometry. This book originated from two courses delivered by the authors at the CRM and provides a self-contained introduction to these topics, covering most of the recent advances. The first part, by Semyon Alesker, provides an introduction to the theory of convex valuations with emphasis on recent developments. In particular, it presents the new structures on the space of valuations discovered after Alesker's irreducibility theorem. The newly developed theory of valuations on manifolds is also described. In the second part, Joseph H. G. Fu gives a modern introduction to integral geometry in the sense of Blaschke and Santaló. The approach is new and based on the notions and tools presented in the first part. This original viewpoint not only enlightens the classical integral geometry of euclidean space, but it also allows the computation of kinematic formulas in other geometries, such as hermitian spaces. The book will appeal to graduate students and interested researchers from related fields including convex, stochastic, and differential geometry. ​

​This book provides an introduction to h-harmonics and Dunkl transforms. These are extensions of the ordinary spherical harmonics and Fourier transforms, in which the usual Lebesgue measure is replaced by a reflection-invariant weighted measure. The authors’ focus is on the analysis side of both h-harmonics and Dunkl transforms.Graduate students and researchers working in approximation theory, harmonic analysis, and functional analysis will benefit from this book.

This book systematically presents recent fundamental results on greedy approximation with respect to bases.Motivated by numerous applications, the last decade has seen great successes in studying nonlinear sparse approximation. Recent findings have established that greedy-type algorithms are suitable methods of nonlinear approximation in both sparse approximation with respect to bases and sparse approximation with respect to redundant systems. These insights, combined with some previous fundamental results, form the basis for constructing the theory of greedy approximation. Taking into account the theoretical and practical demand for this kind of theory, the book systematically elaborates a theoretical framework for greedy approximation and its applications. The book addresses the needs of researchers working in numerical mathematics, harmonic analysis, and functional analysis. It quickly takes the reader from classical results to the latest frontier, but is written at the level of a graduate course and does not require a broad background in the field.

This book focuses on a large class of geometric objects in moduli theory and provides explicit computations to investigate their families. Concrete examples are developed that take advantage of the intricate interplay between Algebraic Geometry and Combinatorics. Compactifications of moduli spaces play a crucial role in Number Theory, String Theory, and Quantum Field Theory – to mention just a few. In particular, the notion of compactification of moduli spaces has been crucial for solving various open problems and long-standing conjectures. Further, the book reports on compactification techniques for moduli spaces in a large class where computations are possible, namely that of weighted stable hyperplane arrangements (shas).

This book focusses on a large class of objects in moduli theory and provides different perspectives from which compactifications of moduli spaces may be investigated.Three contributions give an insight on particular aspects of moduli problems. In the first of them, various ways to construct and compactify moduli spaces are presented. In the second, some questions on the boundary of moduli spaces of surfaces are addressed. Finally, the theory of stable quotients is explained, which yields meaningful compactifications of moduli spaces of maps. Both advanced graduate students and researchers in algebraic geometry will find this book a valuable read.

The notes of this book originate from three series of lectures given at the Centre de Recerca Matemàtica (CRM) in Barcelona. The first one is dedicated to the study of periodic solutions of autonomous differential systems in Rn via the Averaging Theory and was delivered by Jaume Llibre. The second one, given by Richard Moeckel, focusses on methods for studying Central Configurations. The last one, by Carles Simó, describes the main mechanisms leading to a fairly global description of the dynamics in conservative systems.The book is directed towards graduate students and researchers interested in dynamical systems, in particular in the conservative case, and aims at facilitating the understanding of dynamics of specific models. The results presented and the tools introduced in this book include a large range of applications.

This volume contains lecture notes from the coursesgiven by Vlad Bally and Rama Cont at the Barcelona Summer School on StochasticAnalysis (July 2012). The notes of the course by Vlad Bally, co-authoredwith Lucia Caramellino, develop integration by parts formulas in an abstractsetting, extending Malliavin's work on abstract Wiener spaces.

Based on lectures given at an advanced course on integrable systems at the Centre de Recerca Matemàtica in Barcelona, these lecture notes address three major aspects of integrable systems: obstructions to integrability from differential Galois theory;

It presents both background information and recent developments on selected topics that are experiencing extraordinary growth within the broad research area of geometry and quantization of moduli spaces.

This volume presents an elaborated version of lecture notes for two advanced courses: (Re)Emerging methods in Commutative Algebra and Representation Theory and Building Bridges Between Algebra and Topology, held at the CRM in the spring of 2015. Homological algebra is a rich and ubiquitous area;

Christopher Phillips, serves as an introduction to group actions on C*-algebras and their crossed products, with emphasis on the simple case and when the crossed products are classifiable.

This book contains the notes of the lectures delivered at an Advanced Course on Combinatorial Matrix Theory held at Centre de Recerca Matemàtica (CRM) in Barcelona. These notes correspond to five series of lectures. The first series is dedicated to the study of several matrix classes defined combinatorially, and was delivered by Richard A. Brualdi. The second one, given by Pauline van den Driessche, is concerned with the study of spectral properties of matrices with a given sign pattern. Dragan Stevanović delivered the third one, devoted to describing the spectral radius of a graph as a tool to provide bounds of parameters related with properties of a graph. The fourth lecture was delivered by Stephen Kirkland and is dedicated to the applications of the Group Inverse of the Laplacian matrix. The last one, given by Ángeles Carmona, focuses on boundary value problems on finite networks with special in-depth on the M-matrix inverse problem.