AMS Chelsea Publishing – serie

Differential Topology provides an elementary and intuitive introduction to the study of smooth manifolds. In the years since its first publication, Guillemin and Pollack's book has become a standard text on the subject. It is a jewel of mathematical exposition, judiciously picking exactly the right mixture of detail and generality to display the richness within. The text is mostly self-contained, requiring only undergraduate analysis and linear algebra. By relying on a unifying idea-transversality-the authors are able to avoid the use of big machinery or ad hoc techniques to establish the main results. In this way, they present intelligent treatments of important theorems, such as the Lefschetz fixed-point theorem, the Poincare-Hopf index theorem, and Stokes theorem. The book has a wealth of exercises of various types. Some are routine explorations of the main material. In others, the students are guided step-by-step through proofs of fundamental results, such as the Jordan-Brouwer separation theorem. An exercise section in Chapter 4 leads the student through a construction of de Rham cohomology and a proof of its homotopy invariance. The book is suitable for either an introductory graduate course or an advanced undergraduate course.

From the Preface by C.M. Jessop: 'The important character of the extensive investigations into the theory of line-geometry renders it desirable that a treatise should exist for the purpose of presenting these investigations in a form easily accessible to the English student of mathematics. With this end in view, the present work on the Line Complex has been written'.

From the Preface (1960): “This book is devoted to an account of one of the branches of functional analysis, the theory of commutative normed rings, and the principal applications of that theory. It is based on [the authors'] paper written ... in 1940, hard on the heels of the initial period of the development of this theory ... The book consists of three parts. Part one, concerned with the theory of commutative normed rings and divided into two chapters; the first containing foundations of the theory and the second dealing with more special problems. Part two deals with applications to harmonic analysis and is divided into three chapters. The first chapter discusses the ring of absolutely integrable functions on a line with convolution as multiplication and finds the maximal ideals of this ring and some of its analogues. In the next chapter, these results are carried over to arbitrary commutative locally compact groups and they are made the foundation of the construction of harmonic analysis and the theory of characters. A new feature here is the construction of an invariant measure on the group of characters and a proof of the inversion formula for Fourier transforms that is not based on theorems on the representation of positive-definite functions or positive functionals ... The last chapter of the second part-the most specialized of all the chapters-is devoted to the investigation of the ring of functions of bounded variation on a line with multiplication defined as convolution, including the complete description of the maximal ideals of this ring. The third part of the book is devoted to the discussion of two important classes of rings of functions: regular rings and rings with uniform convergence. The first of the chapters essentially studies the structure of ideals in regular rings. The chapter ends with an example of a ring of functions having closed ideals that cannot be represented as the intersections of maximal ideals. The second chapter discusses the ring $C(S)$ of all bounded continuous complex functions on completely regular spaces $S$ and various of its subrings ... Since noncommutative normed rings with an involution are important for group-theoretical applications, the paper by I. M. Gelfand and N. A. Naimark, ‘Normed Rings with an Involution and their Representations', is reproduced at the end of the book, slightly abridged, in the form of an appendix ... This monograph also contains an account of the foundations of the theory of commutative normed rings without, however, touching upon the majority of its analytic applications ... The reader [should] have knowledge of the elements of the theory of normed spaces and of set-theoretical topology. For an understanding of the fourth chapter, [the reader should] also know what a topological group is. It stands to reason that the basic concepts of the theory of measure and of the Lebesgue integral are also assumed to be known ...”

The famous equation that bears Erwin Schrodinger's name encapsulates his profound contributions to quantum mechanics using wave mechanics. This third, augmented edition of his papers on the topic contains the six original, famous papers in which Schrodinger created and developed the subject of wave mechanics as published in the original edition. As the author points out, at the time each paper was written the results of the later papers were largely unknown to him. This edition also contains three papers that were written shortly after the original edition was published and four lectures delivered by Schrodinger at the Royal Institution in London in 1928. The papers and lectures in this volume were revised by the author and translated into English, and afford the reader a striking and valuable insight into how wave mechanics developed.

This famous work is a textbook that emphasizes the conceptual and historical continuity of analytic function theory. The second volume broadens from a textbook to a textbook-treatise, covering the ""canonical"" topics (including elliptic functions, entire and meromorphic functions, as well as conformal mapping, etc.) and other topics nearer the expanding frontier of analytic function theory. In the latter category are the chapters on majorization and on functions holomorphic in a half-plane.

A circulant matrix is one in which a basic row of numbers is repeated again and again, but with a shift in position. Such matrices have connection to problems in physics, signal and image processing, probability, statistics, numerical analysis, algebraic coding theory, and many other areas. At the same time, the theory of circulants is easy, relative to the general theory of matrices. Practically every matrix-theoretic question for circulants may be resolved in closed form. Consequently, circulant matrices constitute a nontrivial but simple set of objects that the reader may use to practice, and ultimately deepen, a knowledge of matrix theory. They can also be viewed as special instances of structured or patterned matrices. This book serves as a general reference on circulants, as well as provides alternate or supplemental material for intermediate courses on matrix theory. There is some general discussion of matrices: block matrices, Kronecker products, decomposition theorems, generalised inverses. These topics were chosen because of their application to circulants and because they are not always found in books on linear algebra. More than 200 problems of varying difficulty are included.

From the Preface to the First Edition (1906): ``There are no definitely accepted landmarks in the didactic treatment of Georg Cantor's magnificent theory, which is the subject of the present volume. A few of the most modern books on the Theory of Functions devote some pages to the establishment of certain results belonging to our subject, and required for the special purposes in hand ... But we may fairly claim that the present work is the first attempt at a systematic exposition of the subject as a whole.''In this second edition, notes have been added by I. Grattan-Guinness drawn from extensive annotations in the author's own copy. A further appendix has been added.

This second edition includes exercises at the end of each chapter, revised bibliographies, references and an index.

A special feature of Nagell's well-known text is the rather extensive treatment of Diophantine equations of second and higher degree. A large number of non-routine problems are given.

This book is based on notes from a course on set theory and metric spaces taught by Edwin Spanier, and also incorporates with his permission numerous exercises from those notes. The volume includes an Appendix that helps bridge the gap between metric and topological spaces, a Selected Bibliography, and an Index.

In the early twentieth century, Hausdorff developed an axiomatic approach to topology, which continues to be the foundation of modern topology. The present book, the English translation of the third edition of Hausdorff's Mengenlehre, is a thorough introduction to his theory of point-set topology.The treatment begins with topics in the foundations of mathematics, including the basics of abstract set theory, sums and products of sets, cardinal and ordinal numbers, and Hausdorff's well-ordering theorem. The exposition then specializes to point sets, where major topics such as Borel systems, first and second category, and connectedness are considered in detail. Next, mappings between spaces are introduced. This leads naturally to a discussion of topological spaces and continuous mappings between them. Finally, the theory is applied to the study of real functions and their properties.The book does not presuppose any mathematical knowledge beyond calculus, but it does require a certain maturity in abstract reasoning; qualified college seniors and first-year graduate students should have no difficulty in making the material their own.

Leopold Infeld was one of the nine eminent scientists who, together with Albert Einstein, signed Bertrand Russell's famous letter warning that in this nuclear age, only a ban on war itself could save this planet (July, 1955). Infeld was born in the Jewish ghetto of Cracow, Poland in 1898, and this autobiography contains a vivid description of this long-since-vanished world. He was assistant to and then a scientific collaborator with Albert Einstein at the Institute for Advanced Study, Princeton, NJ (1936-1938), and this collaboration continued for twelve years while Infeld was at the University of Toronto. In 1938 he wrote a book together with Albert Einstein that became a number one bestseller, The Evolution of Physics. Infeld was lecturer and then Professor of Applied Mathematics at the University of Toronto from 1938--1950. From 1945-1950 he gave many lectures all over Canada on the elementary physics of the atom bomb, warning that Russia would soon have the bomb and urging that the short period of U.S. monopoly be used constructively, for peace. In 1950 he left Canada to become Professor of Theoretical Physics at the University of Warsaw as well as the founding director of the Institute of Theoretical Physics at that university, where he remained until 1967, the year before he died.

David Hilbert was particularly interested in the foundations of mathematics. Among many other things, he is famous for his attempt to axiomatize mathematics. This now classic text is his treatment of symbolic logic. This translation is based on the second German edition and has been modified according to the criticisms of Church and Quine. In particular, the authors' original formulation of Godel's completeness proof for the predicate calculus has been updated.In the first half of the twentieth century, an important debate on the foundations of mathematics took place. Principles of Mathematical Logic represents one of Hilbert's important contributions to that debate. Although symbolic logic has grown considerably in the subsequent decades, this book remains a classic.

Why does $2 \times 2 = 4$? What are fractions? Imaginary numbers? Why do the laws of algebra hold? And how do we prove these laws? What are the properties of the numbers on which the Differential and Integral Calculus is based? In other words, what are numbers? And why do they have the properties we attribute to them? Thanks to the genius of Dedekind, Cantor, Peano, Frege, and Russell, such questions can now be given a satisfactory answer. This English translation of Landau's famous Grundlagen der Analysis answers these important questions.

The theory of analytic functions of several complex variables enjoyed a period of remarkable development in the middle part of the twentieth century. After initial successes by Poincare and others in the late 19th and early 20th centuries, the theory encountered obstacles that prevented it from growing quickly into an analogue of the theory for functions of one complex variable. Beginning in the 1930s, initially through the work of Oka, then H. Cartan, and continuing with the work of Grauert, Remmert, and others, new tools were introduced into the theory of several complex variables that resolved many of the open problems and fundamentally changed the landscape of the subject. These tools included a central role for sheaf theory and increased uses of topology and algebra. The book by Gunning and Rossi was the first of the modern era of the theory of several complex variables, which is distinguished by the use of these methods.The intention of Gunning and Rossi's book is to provide an extensive introduction to the Oka-Cartan theory and some of its applications, and to the general theory of analytic spaces.Fundamental concepts and techniques are discussed as early as possible. The first chapter covers material suitable for a one-semester graduate course, presenting many of the central problems and techniques, often in special cases. The later chapters give more detailed expositions of sheaf theory for analytic functions and the theory of complex analytic spaces. Since its original publication, this book has become a classic resource for the modern approach to functions of several complex variables and the theory of analytic spaces.Further information about this book, including updates, can be found at the following URL: www.ams.org/publications/authors/books/postpub/chel-368.

This is an easily accessible account of the approximation of functions. It is simple and without unnecessary details, but complete enough to include the classical results of the theory. With only a few exceptions, only functions of one real variable are considered. A major theme is the degree of uniform approximation by linear sets of functions. This encompasses approximations by trigonometric polynomials, algebraic polynomials, rational functions, and polynomial operators. The chapter on approximation by operators does not assume extensive knowledge of functional analysis. Two chapters cover the important topics of widths and entropy. The last chapter covers the solution by Kolmogorov and Arnol‴d of Hilbert's 13th problem. There are notes at the end of each chapter that give information about important topics not treated in the main text. Each chapter also has a short set of challenging problems, which serve as illustrations.

This book is the sixth edition of the classic Spaces of Constant Curvature, first published in 1967, with the previous (fifth) edition published in 1984. It illustrates the high degree of interplay between group theory and geometry. The reader will benefit from the very concise treatments of riemannian and pseudo-riemannian manifolds and their curvatures, of the representation theory of finite groups, and of indications of recent progress in discrete subgroups of Lie groups.Part I is a brief introduction to differentiable manifolds, covering spaces, and riemannian and pseudo-riemannian geometry. It also contains a certain amount of introductory material on symmetry groups and space forms, indicating the direction of the later chapters. Part II is an updated treatment of euclidean space form. Part III is Wolf's classic solution to the Clifford-Klein Spherical Space Form Problem. It starts with an exposition of the representation theory of finite groups. Part IV introduces riemannian symmetric spaces and extends considerations of spherical space forms to space forms of riemannian symmetric spaces. Finally, Part V examines space form problems on pseudo-riemannian symmetric spaces. At the end of Chapter 12 there is a new appendix describing some of the recent work on discrete subgroups of Lie groups with application to space forms of pseudo-riemannian symmetric spaces. Additional references have been added to this sixth edition as well.

This book presents modern algebra from first principles and is accessible to undergraduates or graduates. It combines standard materials and necessary algebraic manipulations with general concepts that clarify meaning and importance.This conceptual approach to algebra starts with a description of algebraic structures by means of axioms chosen to suit the examples, for instance, axioms for groups, rings, fields, lattices, and vector spaces. This axiomatic approach--emphasized by Hilbert and developed in Germany by Noether, Artin, Van der Waerden, et al., in the 1920s--was popularized for the graduate level in the 1940s and 1950s to some degree by the authors' publication of A Survey of Modern Algebra. The present book presents the developments from that time to the first printing of this book. This third edition includes corrections made by the authors.

The investigation of three problems, perfect numbers, periodic decimals, and Pythagorean numbers, has given rise to much of elementary number theory. In this book, Daniel Shanks, past editor of Mathematics of Computation, shows how each result leads to further results and conjectures. The outcome is a most exciting and unusual treatment. This edition contains a new chapter presenting research done between 1962 and 1978, emphasizing results that were achieved with the help of computers.

Sigurdur Helgason's Differential Geometry and Symmetric Spaces was quickly recognized as a remarkable and important book. For many years, it was the standard text both for Riemannian geometry and for the analysis and geometry of symmetric spaces. Several generations of mathematicians relied on it for its clarity and careful attention to detail. Although much has happened in the field since the publication of this book, as demonstrated by Helgason's own three-volume expansion of the original work, this single volume is still an excellent overview of the subjects. For instance, even though there are now many competing texts, the chapters on differential geometry and Lie groups continue to be among the best treatments of the subjects available. There is also a well-developed treatment of Cartan's classification and structure theory of symmetric spaces. The last chapter, on functions on symmetric spaces, remains an excellent introduction to the study of spherical functions, the theory of invariant differential operators, and other topics in harmonic analysis. This text is rightly called a classic.

In this highly recommended high school text by two eminent scholars, the authors deduce plane Euclidean geometry by utilizing only five fundamental postulates. Incorporation of the system of real numbers in three of the five postulates of this geometry gives these assumptions great breadth and power. They lead the reader at once to the heart of geometry. It is because of the underlying power, simplicity, and compactness of this geometry that the authors called the book Basic Geometry. The book is designed for a one-year course in plane geometry. For advanced students, the authors incorporated certain material from three-dimensional and so-called modern geometry. A rich variety of exercises as well as many illustrations applying the abstract geometrical concepts to real life provide an excellent source of teaching material. A highly recommended high-school text by two eminent scholars.

Review of the original edition: “This is an inspiring textbook for students who know the theory of functions of real and complex variables and wish further knowledge of mathematical analysis. There are no problems displayed and labelled ""problems,"" but one who follows all of the arguments and calculations of the text will find use for his ingenuity and pencil. The book deals with interesting and important problems and topics in many fields of mathematical analysis, to an extent very much greater than that indicated by the titles of the chapters. It is, of course, an indispensable handbook for those interested in divergent series. It assembles a considerable part of the theory of divergent series, which has previously existed only in periodical literature. Hardy has greatly simplified and improved many theories, theorems and proofs. In addition, numerous acknowledgements show that the book incorporates many previously unpublished results and improvements of old results, communicated to Hardy by his colleagues and by others interested in the book.” - Mathematical Reviews

Originally published in 1977, the book is devoted to the theory and numerical analysis of the Navier-Stokes equations for viscous incompressible fluid. On the theoretical side, results related to the existence, the uniqueness, and, in some cases, the regularity of solutions are presented. On the numerical side, various approaches to the approximation of Navier-Stokes problems by discretization are considered, such as the finite dereference method, the finite element method, and the fractional steps method. The problems of stability and convergence for numerical methods are treated as completely as possible.The new material in the present book (as compared to the preceding 1984 edition) is an appendix reproducing a survey article written in 1998. This appendix touches upon a few aspects not addressed in the earlier editions, in particular a short derivation of the Navier-Stokes equations from the basic conservation principles in continuum mechanics, further historical perspectives, and indications on new developments in the area. The appendix also surveys some aspects of the related Euler equations and the compressible Navier-Stokes equations.The book is written in the style of a textbook and the author has attempted to make the treatment self-contained. It can be used as a textbook or a reference book for researchers. Prerequisites for reading the book include some familiarity with the Navier-Stokes equations and some knowledge of functional analysis and Sololev spaces.

After completing his famous Foundations of Analysis, Landau turned his attention to this book on calculus. The approach is that of an unrepentant analyst, with an emphasis on functions rather than on geometric or physical applications. The book is another example of Landau's formidable skill as an expositor. It is a masterpiece of rigor and clarity.

From the Preface: The book consists of two parts. In the first part, I have made an attempt to simplify the presentation of the theory of partial differential equations to the first order so that its study will require little time and also be accessible to the average student of mathematics ... The second part, which contains the Calculus of Variations, can also be read independently if one refers back to earlier sections in Part I ... I have never lost sight of the fact that the Calculus of Variations, as it is presented in Part II, should above all be a servant of Mechanics. Therefore, I have in particular prepared everything from the very outset for treatment in multidimensional spaces. In this second English edition of Caratheodory's famous work, the two volumes of the first edition have been combined into one (with a combination of the two indexes into a single index). There is a deep and fundamental relationship between the differential equations that occur in the calculus of variations and partial differential equations of the first order: in particular, to each such partial differential equation there correspond variational problems. This basic fact forms the rationale for Caratheodory's masterpiece.

A classic title based on lectures given at Harvard University during the academic year 1960-1961 by one of the luminaries in the mathematical world. This timeless book addresses standard material and includes exercise throughout.

The theory of finite simple groups enjoyed a period of spectacular activity in the 1950s and 1960s. The first edition of Gorenstein's book was published in 1968, at the time of some of the first major classification results. The second edition was published in 1980, when it was clear that the classification was understood and the proof was within reach. Gorenstein's treatment of the subject proved prescient, as many of the developments between the two editions could be seen as continuations of the material in the book. Even now, the book remains one of the best sources for an introduction to finite groups and the classification of the simple groups. Gorenstein's insight provides a guiding light through the many pages that have been dedicated to the proof.