Violence, Desire, and the Sacred – serie

Central to identity, personal responsibility, economic systems, theology, and the political and military imaginaries, the practice of sacrifice has inspired, disturbed, and abused. Mimesis and Sacrifice brings together scholars from the humanities, military, business, and social sciences to examine the role that sacrifice plays in different present-day settings, from economics to gender relations. Inspired by Rene Girard’s work, chapters explore (i) the extent to which the social character of human living makes us mimetic, (ii) whether mimesis necessarily leads to competitive aggression, (iii) whether aggression must be defused by aggressive sacrificial rituals—and whether all sacrifice has this aim, and (iv) the role of the “second lesson of the cross” (as Girard called it), the lesson of self-giving for others, in addressing present societal problems. By investigating sacrifice across this span of arenas and questions yet within one volume, Mimesis and Sacrifice presents a new appreciation of its influence and consequences in the world today, contributing not only to mimetic theory but to greater understanding of which societal arrangement enable us to live well together and what hobbles that goal.

Central to identity, personal responsibility, economic systems, theology, and the political and military imaginaries, the practice of sacrifice has inspired, disturbed, and abused. Mimesis and Sacrifice brings together scholars from the humanities, military, business, and social sciences to examine the role that sacrifice plays in different present-day settings, from economics to gender relations. Inspired by Rene Girard''s work, chapters explore (i) the extent to which the social character of human living makes us mimetic, (ii) whether mimesis necessarily leads to competitive aggression, (iii) whether aggression must be defused by aggressive sacrificial rituals-and whether all sacrifice has this aim, and (iv) the role of the “second lesson of the cross” (as Girard called it), the lesson of self-giving for others, in addressing present societal problems. By investigating sacrifice across this span of arenas and questions yet within one volume, Mimesis and Sacrifice presents a new appreciation of its influence and consequences in the world today, contributing not only to mimetic theory but to greater understanding of which societal arrangement enable us to live well together and what hobbles that goal.

Central to identity, personal responsibility, economic systems, theology, and the political and military imaginaries, the practice of sacrifice has inspired, disturbed, and abused. Mimesis and Sacrifice brings together scholars from the humanities, military, business, and social sciences to examine the role that sacrifice plays in different present-day settings, from economics to gender relations. Inspired by Rene Girard''s work, chapters explore (i) the extent to which the social character of human living makes us mimetic, (ii) whether mimesis necessarily leads to competitive aggression, (iii) whether aggression must be defused by aggressive sacrificial rituals-and whether all sacrifice has this aim, and (iv) the role of the “second lesson of the cross” (as Girard called it), the lesson of self-giving for others, in addressing present societal problems. By investigating sacrifice across this span of arenas and questions yet within one volume, Mimesis and Sacrifice presents a new appreciation of its influence and consequences in the world today, contributing not only to mimetic theory but to greater understanding of which societal arrangement enable us to live well together and what hobbles that goal.

This book draws on the philosopher René Girard to argue that three twentieth-century American novels (Jeffrey Eugenides’s The Virgin Suicides, Rick Moody’s The Ice Storm, and Richard Yates’s Revolutionary Road) are tragedies.Until now, Girardian literary analysis has generally focused on representations of human desire in texts, and neglected both other emotions and the place of tragedy. Carly Osborn addresses these omissions by using Girardian theory to present evidence that novels can indeed be tragedies. The book advances the scholarship of tragedy that has run from Aristotle to Nietzsche to Terry Eagleton, proposing a new way to read modern novels through ancient traditions. In addition, this is the first work to examine the place of women as victims, or in Girardian terms, ‘scapegoats’, in twentieth century fiction, specifically by considering the representation of women’s bodies and ambivalence about their identities.In deploying a rich and vivid array of tragic tropes, The Virgin Suicides, The Ice Storm, and Revolutionary Road participate in a deep-rooted American tragic tradition. Tragic Novels, the American Dream and René Girard will be of interest to those working at the intersection of philosophy and literature, as well as Girard specialists.

This book draws on the philosopher René Girard to argue that three twentieth-century American novels (Jeffrey Eugenides''s The Virgin Suicides, Rick Moody''s The Ice Storm, and Richard Yates''s Revolutionary Road) are tragedies.Until now, Girardian literary analysis has generally focused on representations of human desire in texts, and neglected both other emotions and the place of tragedy. Carly Osborn addresses these omissions by using Girardian theory to present evidence that novels can indeed be tragedies. The book advances the scholarship of tragedy that has run from Aristotle to Nietzsche to Terry Eagleton, proposing a new way to read modern novels through ancient traditions. In addition, this is the first work to examine the place of women as victims, or in Girardian terms, ''scapegoats'', in twentieth century fiction, specifically by considering the representation of women''s bodies and ambivalence about their identities.In deploying a rich and vivid array of tragic tropes, The Virgin Suicides, The Ice Storm, and Revolutionary Road participate in a deep-rooted American tragic tradition. Tragic Novels, the American Dream and René Girard will be of interest to those working at the intersection of philosophy and literature, as well as Girard specialists.

This book draws on the philosopher René Girard to argue that three twentieth-century American novels (Jeffrey Eugenides''s The Virgin Suicides, Rick Moody''s The Ice Storm, and Richard Yates''s Revolutionary Road) are tragedies.Until now, Girardian literary analysis has generally focused on representations of human desire in texts, and neglected both other emotions and the place of tragedy. Carly Osborn addresses these omissions by using Girardian theory to present evidence that novels can indeed be tragedies. The book advances the scholarship of tragedy that has run from Aristotle to Nietzsche to Terry Eagleton, proposing a new way to read modern novels through ancient traditions. In addition, this is the first work to examine the place of women as victims, or in Girardian terms, ''scapegoats'', in twentieth century fiction, specifically by considering the representation of women''s bodies and ambivalence about their identities.In deploying a rich and vivid array of tragic tropes, The Virgin Suicides, The Ice Storm, and Revolutionary Road participate in a deep-rooted American tragic tradition. Tragic Novels, the American Dream and René Girard will be of interest to those working at the intersection of philosophy and literature, as well as Girard specialists.

This book traces the trajectory of militant jihadism to show how violence is more intentionally embraced as the centre of worship, social order and ideology. Undertaking an in-depth analysis of militant jihadist groups and utilising the work of René Girard, Joel Hodge argues that the extreme violence of militant jihadists is a response to modernity in two ways that have not been sufficiently explored by the existing literature. Firstly, it is a manifestation of the unrestrained and escalating state of desire and rivalry in modernity, which militant jihadists seek to counter with extreme violence. Secondly, it is a response to the unveiling and discrediting of sacred violence, which militant jihadists seek to reverse by more purposefully valorising sacred violence in what they believe to be jihad. Relevant to anyone interested in Islam, philosophy of religion, theology, and terrorism, Violence in the Name of God imagines new ways of thinking about militancy in the name of Islam in the twenty-first century.

This book traces the trajectory of militant jihadism to show how violence is more intentionally embraced as the centre of worship, social order and ideology. Undertaking an in-depth analysis of militant jihadist groups and utilising the work of René Girard, Joel Hodge argues that the extreme violence of militant jihadists is a response to modernity in two ways that have not been sufficiently explored by the existing literature. Firstly, it is a manifestation of the unrestrained and escalating state of desire and rivalry in modernity, which militant jihadists seek to counter with extreme violence. Secondly, it is a response to the unveiling and discrediting of sacred violence, which militant jihadists seek to reverse by more purposefully valorising sacred violence in what they believe to be jihad. Relevant to anyone interested in Islam, philosophy of religion, theology, and terrorism, Violence in the Name of God imagines new ways of thinking about militancy in the name of Islam in the twenty-first century.

This book traces the trajectory of militant jihadism to show how violence is more intentionally embraced as the centre of worship, social order and ideology. Undertaking an in-depth analysis of militant jihadist groups and utilising the work of René Girard, Joel Hodge argues that the extreme violence of militant jihadists is a response to modernity in two ways that have not been sufficiently explored by the existing literature. Firstly, it is a manifestation of the unrestrained and escalating state of desire and rivalry in modernity, which militant jihadists seek to counter with extreme violence. Secondly, it is a response to the unveiling and discrediting of sacred violence, which militant jihadists seek to reverse by more purposefully valorising sacred violence in what they believe to be jihad. Relevant to anyone interested in Islam, philosophy of religion, theology, and terrorism, Violence in the Name of God imagines new ways of thinking about militancy in the name of Islam in the twenty-first century.

In a new historical interpretation of the relationship between Australia and East Timor, Susan Connelly draws on the mimetic theory of René Girard to show how the East Timorese people were scapegoated by Australian foreign policy during the 20th century.Charting key developments in East Timor’s history and applying three aspects of Girard’s framework – the scapegoat, texts of persecution and conversion – Connelly reveals Australia’s mimetic dependence on Indonesia and other nations for security. She argues that Australia’s complicity in the Indonesian invasion and occupation of East Timor perpetuated the sacrifice of the Timorese people as victims, thus calling into question the traditional Australian values of egalitarianism and fairness. Connelly also examines the embryonic conversion process apparent in levels of recognition of the innocent victim and of the Australian role in East Timor’s suffering, as well as the consequent effects on Australian self-perception.Emphasising Girardian considerations of fear, suffering, forgiveness and conversion, this book offers a fresh perspective on Australian and Timorese relations that in turn sheds light on the origins and operations of human violence.

In a new historical interpretation of the relationship between Australia and East Timor, Susan Connelly draws on the mimetic theory of René Girard to show how the East Timorese people were scapegoated by Australian foreign policy during the 20th century.Charting key developments in East Timor''s history and applying three aspects of Girard''s framework – the scapegoat, texts of persecution and conversion – Connelly reveals Australia''s mimetic dependence on Indonesia and other nations for security. She argues that Australia''s complicity in the Indonesian invasion and occupation of East Timor perpetuated the sacrifice of the Timorese people as victims, thus calling into question the traditional Australian values of egalitarianism and fairness. Connelly also examines the embryonic conversion process apparent in levels of recognition of the innocent victim and of the Australian role in East Timor''s suffering, as well as the consequent effects on Australian self-perception.Emphasising Girardian considerations of fear, suffering, forgiveness and conversion, this book offers a fresh perspective on Australian and Timorese relations that in turn sheds light on the origins and operations of human violence.

In a new historical interpretation of the relationship between Australia and East Timor, Susan Connelly draws on the mimetic theory of René Girard to show how the East Timorese people were scapegoated by Australian foreign policy during the 20th century.Charting key developments in East Timor''s history and applying three aspects of Girard''s framework – the scapegoat, texts of persecution and conversion – Connelly reveals Australia''s mimetic dependence on Indonesia and other nations for security. She argues that Australia''s complicity in the Indonesian invasion and occupation of East Timor perpetuated the sacrifice of the Timorese people as victims, thus calling into question the traditional Australian values of egalitarianism and fairness. Connelly also examines the embryonic conversion process apparent in levels of recognition of the innocent victim and of the Australian role in East Timor''s suffering, as well as the consequent effects on Australian self-perception.Emphasising Girardian considerations of fear, suffering, forgiveness and conversion, this book offers a fresh perspective on Australian and Timorese relations that in turn sheds light on the origins and operations of human violence.

Central to identity, personal responsibility, economic systems, theology, and the political and military imaginaries, the practice of sacrifice has inspired, disturbed, and abused. Mimesis and Sacrifice brings together scholars from the humanities, military, business, and social sciences to examine the role that sacrifice plays in different present-day settings, from economics to gender relations. Inspired by Rene Girard’s work, chapters explore (i) the extent to which the social character of human living makes us mimetic, (ii) whether mimesis necessarily leads to competitive aggression, (iii) whether aggression must be defused by aggressive sacrificial rituals—and whether all sacrifice has this aim, and (iv) the role of the “second lesson of the cross” (as Girard called it), the lesson of self-giving for others, in addressing present societal problems. By investigating sacrifice across this span of arenas and questions yet within one volume, Mimesis and Sacrifice presents a new appreciation of its influence and consequences in the world today, contributing not only to mimetic theory but to greater understanding of which societal arrangement enable us to live well together and what hobbles that goal.

This book traces the trajectory of militant jihadism to show how violence is more intentionally embraced as the centre of worship, social order and ideology. Undertaking an in-depth analysis of militant jihadist groups and utilising the work of René Girard, Joel Hodge argues that the extreme violence of militant jihadists is a response to modernity in two ways that have not been sufficiently explored by the existing literature. Firstly, it is a manifestation of the unrestrained and escalating state of desire and rivalry in modernity, which militant jihadists seek to counter with extreme violence. Secondly, it is a response to the unveiling and discrediting of sacred violence, which militant jihadists seek to reverse by more purposefully valorising sacred violence in what they believe to be jihad. Relevant to anyone interested in Islam, philosophy of religion, theology, and terrorism, Violence in the Name of God imagines new ways of thinking about militancy in the name of Islam in the twenty-first century.

In a new historical interpretation of the relationship between Australia and East Timor, Susan Connelly draws on the mimetic theory of René Girard to show how the East Timorese people were scapegoated by Australian foreign policy during the 20th century.Charting key developments in East Timor’s history and applying three aspects of Girard’s framework – the scapegoat, texts of persecution and conversion – Connelly reveals Australia’s mimetic dependence on Indonesia and other nations for security. She argues that Australia’s complicity in the Indonesian invasion and occupation of East Timor perpetuated the sacrifice of the Timorese people as victims, thus calling into question the traditional Australian values of egalitarianism and fairness. Connelly also examines the embryonic conversion process apparent in levels of recognition of the innocent victim and of the Australian role in East Timor’s suffering, as well as the consequent effects on Australian self-perception.Emphasising Girardian considerations of fear, suffering, forgiveness and conversion, this book offers a fresh perspective on Australian and Timorese relations that in turn sheds light on the origins and operations of human violence.

This book draws on the philosopher René Girard to argue that three twentieth-century American novels (Jeffrey Eugenides’s The Virgin Suicides, Rick Moody’s The Ice Storm, and Richard Yates’s Revolutionary Road) are tragedies.Until now, Girardian literary analysis has generally focused on representations of human desire in texts, and neglected both other emotions and the place of tragedy. Carly Osborn addresses these omissions by using Girardian theory to present evidence that novels can indeed be tragedies. The book advances the scholarship of tragedy that has run from Aristotle to Nietzsche to Terry Eagleton, proposing a new way to read modern novels through ancient traditions. In addition, this is the first work to examine the place of women as victims, or in Girardian terms, ‘scapegoats’, in twentieth century fiction, specifically by considering the representation of women’s bodies and ambivalence about their identities.In deploying a rich and vivid array of tragic tropes, The Virgin Suicides, The Ice Storm, and Revolutionary Road participate in a deep-rooted American tragic tradition. Tragic Novels, the American Dream and René Girard will be of interest to those working at the intersection of philosophy and literature, as well as Girard specialists.

As artificial intelligence assumes increasing prominence in our lives, a host of questions arise, particularly if one holds a view of humans as inherently social or mimetic, such as René Girard. Does the potential for self-awareness in artificial intelligence come with mimetic desire in the way Girard claims it does for human beings?Thomas Ryba and Sandor Goodhart bring together a team of renowned scholars to theorize artificial intelligence from a Girardian perspective for the first time. Chapters present cutting edge reflections on Girard’s mimetic theory in connection with science, humans, fiction, film, philosophy and God, shedding light on artificial intelligence and the consequences of the implementation of humanoid robots into daily life. In Part I, each argument is followed by a response, spanning topics from the philosophic foundations of mimetic theory and cognitive science through to scapegoating, mimesis, and the human future. Drawing on close interpretative readings of films, including A.I. Artificial Intelligence, Ex Machina and HER, as well as literary productions, philosophic essays and theological concepts, it offers a novel approach to utilize the seminal ideas of Girard. Setting out new challenges and insights, this interdisciplinary volume is an essential starting point for students and scholars of Girard, mimetic theory, artificial intelligence, robotics, film, philosophy of religion and ethics.

As artificial intelligence assumes increasing prominence in our lives, a host of questions arise, particularly if one holds a view of humans as inherently social or mimetic, such as Ren Girard. Does the potential for self-awareness in artificial intelligence come with mimetic desire in the way Girard claims it does for human beings?Thomas Ryba and Sandor Goodhart bring together a team of renowned scholars to theorize artificial intelligence from a Girardian perspective for the first time. Chapters present cutting edge reflections on Girard's mimetic theory in connection with science, humans, fiction, film, philosophy and God, shedding light on artificial intelligence and the consequences of the implementation of humanoid robots into daily life. In Part I, each argument is followed by a response, spanning topics from the philosophic foundations of mimetic theory and cognitive science through to scapegoating, mimesis, and the human future. Drawing on close interpretative readings of films, including A.I. Artificial Intelligence, Ex Machina and HER, as well as literary productions, philosophic essays and theological concepts, it offers a novel approach to utilize the seminal ideas of Girard. Setting out new challenges and insights, this interdisciplinary volume is an essential starting point for students and scholars of Girard, mimetic theory, artificial intelligence, robotics, film, philosophy of religion and ethics.

As artificial intelligence assumes increasing prominence in our lives, a host of questions arise, particularly if one holds a view of humans as inherently social or mimetic, such as Ren Girard. Does the potential for self-awareness in artificial intelligence come with mimetic desire in the way Girard claims it does for human beings?Thomas Ryba and Sandor Goodhart bring together a team of renowned scholars to theorize artificial intelligence from a Girardian perspective for the first time. Chapters present cutting edge reflections on Girard's mimetic theory in connection with science, humans, fiction, film, philosophy and God, shedding light on artificial intelligence and the consequences of the implementation of humanoid robots into daily life. In Part I, each argument is followed by a response, spanning topics from the philosophic foundations of mimetic theory and cognitive science through to scapegoating, mimesis, and the human future. Drawing on close interpretative readings of films, including A.I. Artificial Intelligence, Ex Machina and HER, as well as literary productions, philosophic essays and theological concepts, it offers a novel approach to utilize the seminal ideas of Girard. Setting out new challenges and insights, this interdisciplinary volume is an essential starting point for students and scholars of Girard, mimetic theory, artificial intelligence, robotics, film, philosophy of religion and ethics.

A one-of-a-kind overview of the lasting impact of mimetic theory and the extent of its interdisciplinary applications, a century after René Girard's birth.Bringing together a team of established scholars from different disciplines, this collection assesses how much the theory has developed over Girard's lifetime and beyond. Literary texts and myths are analysed through a mimetic lens, revealing the underlying patterns of rivalry, violence, and sacrifice. Mimetic theory is then applied to real-world phenomena, such as terrorism, social conflict, and ecological crises, demonstrating its relevance in the 21st century.Each chapter collected here demonstrates mimetic theory’s on-going capacity to open up new avenues in philosophy, disability studies, literature and beyond. Girard argued that texts, whether religious, literary, or anthropological reveal fundamental aspects of the world. Inspired by this chapters drawing on a rich selection of works and authors including DH Lawrence, Oedipus Rex, Hannah Arendt, and Michel Houellebecq to reveal innovative uses of his theory.By illustrating how Girard's ideas are being used by specialists and practitioners across diverse fields, this expansive exploration of mimetic theory tackles timely topics from social media and terrorism prevention to toxic masculinity and conspiracy theories. It is for anyone interested in understanding human behavior and culture from multiple perspectives.

A one-of-a-kind overview of the lasting impact of mimetic theory and the extent of its interdisciplinary applications, a century after Ren Girard's birth.Bringing together a team of established scholars from different disciplines, this collection assesses how much the theory has developed over Girard's lifetime and beyond. Literary texts and myths are analysed through a mimetic lens, revealing the underlying patterns of rivalry, violence, and sacrifice. Mimetic theory is then applied to real-world phenomena, such as terrorism, social conflict, and ecological crises, demonstrating its relevance in the 21st century.Each chapter collected here demonstrates mimetic theory's on-going capacity to open up new avenues in philosophy, disability studies, literature and beyond. Girard argued that texts, whether religious, literary, or anthropological reveal fundamental aspects of the world. Inspired by this chapters drawing on a rich selection of works and authors including DH Lawrence, Oedipus Rex, Hannah Arendt, and Michel Houellebecq to reveal innovative uses of his theory.By illustrating how Girard's ideas are being used by specialists and practitioners across diverse fields, this expansive exploration of mimetic theory tackles timely topics from social media and terrorism prevention to toxic masculinity and conspiracy theories. It is for anyone interested in understanding human behavior and culture from multiple perspectives.

A one-of-a-kind overview of the lasting impact of mimetic theory and the extent of its interdisciplinary applications, a century after Ren Girard's birth.Bringing together a team of established scholars from different disciplines, this collection assesses how much the theory has developed over Girard's lifetime and beyond. Literary texts and myths are analysed through a mimetic lens, revealing the underlying patterns of rivalry, violence, and sacrifice. Mimetic theory is then applied to real-world phenomena, such as terrorism, social conflict, and ecological crises, demonstrating its relevance in the 21st century.Each chapter collected here demonstrates mimetic theory's on-going capacity to open up new avenues in philosophy, disability studies, literature and beyond. Girard argued that texts, whether religious, literary, or anthropological reveal fundamental aspects of the world. Inspired by this chapters drawing on a rich selection of works and authors including DH Lawrence, Oedipus Rex, Hannah Arendt, and Michel Houellebecq to reveal innovative uses of his theory.By illustrating how Girard's ideas are being used by specialists and practitioners across diverse fields, this expansive exploration of mimetic theory tackles timely topics from social media and terrorism prevention to toxic masculinity and conspiracy theories. It is for anyone interested in understanding human behavior and culture from multiple perspectives.

Violence, Desire and the Sacred presents the most up-to-date inter-disciplinary work being developed with the ground-breaking insights of René Girard''s mimetic theory. The collection showcases the work of outstanding scholars in mimetic theory and how they are applying and developing Girard''s insights in a variety of fields. Girard''s mimetic insight has provided a fruitful way for different disciplines, such as literature, anthropology, theology, religion studies, cultural studies, and philosophy, to engage on common anthropological ground, with a shared understanding of the human person. The aim of this edited collection is to present this interdisciplinary work and to illustrate how Girard''s insights provide fertile ground for bringing together disparate disciplines in a shared purpose. As academic work on Girard''s insights is growing, this collection would meet the need to show the critical, interdisciplinary applications of these insights.

Violence, Desire and the Sacred presents the most up-to-date inter-disciplinary work being developed with the ground-breaking insights of René Girard''s mimetic theory. The collection showcases the work of outstanding scholars in mimetic theory and how they are applying and developing Girard''s insights in a variety of fields. Girard''s mimetic insight has provided a fruitful way for different disciplines, such as literature, anthropology, theology, religion studies, cultural studies, and philosophy, to engage on common anthropological ground, with a shared understanding of the human person. The aim of this edited collection is to present this interdisciplinary work and to illustrate how Girard''s insights provide fertile ground for bringing together disparate disciplines in a shared purpose. As academic work on Girard''s insights is growing, this collection would meet the need to show the critical, interdisciplinary applications of these insights.

Violence, Desire and the Sacred presents the most up-to-date inter-disciplinary work being developed with the ground-breaking insights of René Girard's mimetic theory. The collection showcases the work of outstanding scholars in mimetic theory and how they are applying and developing Girard's insights in a variety of fields. Girard's mimetic insight has provided a fruitful way for different disciplines, such as literature, anthropology, theology, religion studies, cultural studies, and philosophy, to engage on common anthropological ground, with a shared understanding of the human person. The aim of this edited collection is to present this interdisciplinary work and to illustrate how Girard's insights provide fertile ground for bringing together disparate disciplines in a shared purpose. As academic work on Girard's insights is growing, this collection would meet the need to show the critical, interdisciplinary applications of these insights.

The brilliant and ground-breaking mimetic theory of the French-American theorist René Girard (1923-2015)has gained wide-ranging recognition, yet its development has received less attention. This volume presents the important correspondence—conducted in French and as yet unpublished, let alone translated into English—between Girard and his major theological interlocutor Raymund Schwager SJ (1935-2004). It presents the personal relationship between two great thinkers that led to the development of a significant break-through in the humanities. In particular it reveals the theological development of Girard’s thought in dialogue with Schwager, who was concerned to assist Girard in areas where he had little expertise and had encountered major criticism, such as the theological application of sacrifice. These issues in particular had placed major barriers to Girard’s acceptance in theological circles. These letters reveal how Girard, with Schwager’s help, entered the mainstream of theological debate.

The brilliant and ground-breaking mimetic theory of the French-American theorist René Girard (1923-2015)has gained wide-ranging recognition, yet its development has received less attention. This volume presents the important correspondence-conducted in French and as yet unpublished, let alone translated into English-between Girard and his major theological interlocutor Raymund Schwager SJ (1935-2004). It presents the personal relationship between two great thinkers that led to the development of a significant break-through in the humanities. In particular it reveals the theological development of Girard's thought in dialogue with Schwager, who was concerned to assist Girard in areas where he had little expertise and had encountered major criticism, such as the theological application of sacrifice. These issues in particular had placed major barriers to Girard's acceptance in theological circles. These letters reveal how Girard, with Schwager's help, entered the mainstream of theological debate.

The brilliant and ground-breaking mimetic theory of the French-American theorist René Girard (1923-2015)has gained wide-ranging recognition, yet its development has received less attention. This volume presents the important correspondence-conducted in French and as yet unpublished, let alone translated into English-between Girard and his major theological interlocutor Raymund Schwager SJ (1935-2004). It presents the personal relationship between two great thinkers that led to the development of a significant break-through in the humanities. In particular it reveals the theological development of Girard's thought in dialogue with Schwager, who was concerned to assist Girard in areas where he had little expertise and had encountered major criticism, such as the theological application of sacrifice. These issues in particular had placed major barriers to Girard's acceptance in theological circles. These letters reveal how Girard, with Schwager's help, entered the mainstream of theological debate.

Building on the growing recognition and critical acclaim of volumes 1 and 2 of Violence, Desire, and the Sacred, this third volume in the series showcases the most groundbreaking, interdisciplinary research in mimetic theory, with a focus on well-known films, television series, and other media. Mimesis, Movies, and Media reaches beyond the traditional boundaries of continental theory to demonstrate how scholars apply and develop René Girard’s insights in light of contemporary media. It brings together major Australian and international scholars working at the intersection of popular culture and philosophy.