Biomedical Materials for Multi-functional Applications – serie

At the convergence of biomechanics, tribology, and safety engineering, this book ‘Friction and Wear in Footwear’ explores how friction and wear jointly govern footwear performance, safety, and durability. Addressing slips and falls, one of the leading causes of injuries worldwide, this book highlights wear as a critical, time-dependent factor that alters frictional behavior and increases slip risk over a footwear’s lifecycle. The book examines outsole degradation, tread pattern evolution, and material fatigue, focusing on how wear progressively reduces traction. It integrates experimental and computational approaches, including studies on worn footwear, coefficient of friction measurements, biofidelic and robotic slip testing devices, and advanced simulation frameworks. These insights are applied to healthcare, occupational safety, and performance footwear design, emphasizing the need for wear-based evaluation and innovation. This book covers slips and falls, gait biomechanics, advanced slip testing technologies, outsole tread modifications, and frameworks for assessing worn footwear friction. It concludes with emerging trends focused on designing for wear resilience and long-term safety.This book is essential for footwear designers, engineers, ergonomists, and researchers aiming to develop safer, durable, and performance-optimized footwear solutions.

Handbook of Artificial Tissues Volume I offers a comprehensive entry into the rapidly advancing field of artificial tissue development. Bridging fundamental biomedical engineering principles with emerging technologies, the book addresses growing needs in regenerative medicine, surgical simulation, and soft tissue replacement.It provides a structured overview of materials, methods, and multidisciplinary design principles underlying artificial tissues. Key topics covered here include soft tissue biomechanics, biomaterials, hydrogels, polymers, biocomposites, nanotechnology, and 3D printing. This volume focuses on biofabrication techniques, multi-material modelling, and mechanical as well as biocompatibility evaluation. The book highlights real-world applications in surgical training, biomechanical testing, and medical device development, while also exploring advanced areas such as sensor-integrated systems and biohybrid tissue design. The book progresses from fundamental concepts such as tissue structure and imaging to material-specific approaches and advanced fabrication technologies, providing both theoretical grounding and practical insight.This book is ideal for graduate students, early-career researchers, and professionals in biomedical engineering, biomaterials, and healthcare, offering a strong foundation for those working in tissue engineering, medical simulation, and next-generation biomimetic technologies.

This handbook provides a comprehensive, structured, and application-oriented understanding of dental materials as a cornerstone of modern dentistry and biomedical sciences. It integrates fundamental material science with clinical performance, safety, and regulatory considerations, enabling readers to understand how dental materials influence functional rehabilitation, aesthetics, durability, and patient outcomes.The book covers a wide spectrum of materials, including metals and alloys, amalgam, noble metals, polymers, impression materials, waxes, gypsum products, cements, ceramics, and implant materials, along with emerging biodegradable and nanotechnology-based systems. It highlights key aspects such as composition, structure, properties, manipulation techniques, and clinical applications, with strong emphasis on biocompatibility, corrosion behavior, surface modification, biomedical waste management, and long-term performance. Advanced topics such as additive manufacturing, biomimetics, nanomaterials, and future trends are also addressed, supporting both academic and translational applications. The book progresses from historical foundations and regulatory frameworks to material-specific science and clinical applications, ensuring a logical and cohesive learning experience.This handbook is ideal for researchers, biomedical engineers, dental professionals, medical practitioners, and undergraduate and postgraduate students, serving as a reliable resource for education, research, and advanced clinical practice in dental materials.

This book dives into the forefront of biosensing technology, focusing on the groundbreaking innovations in dopamine and nitric oxide neurotransmitter detection. From fundamental principles to advanced applications, this book explores how biomimetic sensor technologies are revolutionizing biomedical research and clinical diagnostics. Methods, results, and topics of interest explore the intricate world of biomimetic materials, from their principles and design to cutting-edge synthesis techniques, unlocking the secrets behind their exceptional performance in sensing applications. Through multiple case studies and real-world examples, this book witnesses the transformative impact of biomimetic strategies in enhancing sensitivity and selectivity for dopamine and nitric oxide detection. Additionally, this book explores the antibacterial properties of nitrogen-doped carbon nanosheets and their relevance to biosensing environments, providing a holistic understanding of biomimetic sensor technologies. Illustrations, tables, and concise-yet-comprehensive explanations contribute to a visually engaging journey for the reader, making complex concepts easily understandable. The book’s didactic approach ensures a seamless learning experience, guiding readers through the intricacies of biomimetic sensor development and characterization techniques. Whether you're a researcher, practitioner, or student, this book unlocks practical insights and strategies to overcome current challenges and explore emerging trends in neurotransmitter biosensing. This book gains a deeper understanding of biomimetic sensor development and characterization techniques, equipping the reader to make meaningful contributions to biomedical research and clinical diagnostics.

This book explores the use of biodegradable metals for biological applications in the developing field of Biomaterials research. Iron, Magnesium and zinc are the most common biodegradable metals that have been discussed here. With an excellent mechanical integrity, adequate biocompatibility, and intrinsic biodegradability, these metals are suitable for implants, and have led to multiple studies on the creation of new alloys for degradable biological applications. The book begins with an introductory chapters to introduce the basics of metals and has three main sections. The first section provides readers with an overview of iron-based metallic biomaterials, unveils the current state of biodegradable metal technology, and discusses its potential applications for bio-implants. The second section discusses a paradigm shift from iron to magnesium-based metallic biomaterials, from material discovery and testing to implant production. This section provides an example of biodegradable metals from idea to application. Biomaterials based on magnesium have the potential to be utilized as next-generation biodegradable metals. Since magnesium (Mg) dissolves in bodily fluids, implanted Mg may deteriorate during the healing process; provided, however, that degradation is regulated, no debris will remain once healing is completed. Therefore, there may be no need for a second surgical procedure (or procedures) to remove the implant. This section demonstrates a thorough analysis that gathers, evaluates, and critically examines the most recent research on the crucial facets of magnesium-based biomaterials. This book is expected to be a fundamental resource for research in biodegradable metallic materials, fabrication of implants, tissue engineering, and biomedical engineering. A viewpoint on the application of biodegradable metals for biomedical purposes in the tissue engineering age closes the book.

This monograph offers an in-depth investigation of Diabetic foot ulceration through the lens of biomechanics and computational modelling. It addresses a critical healthcare challenge faced predominantly by elderly diabetic patients i.e. foot ulcers resulting from peripheral neuropathy, arterial disorders, and irregular plantar loading. Despite extensive clinical attention, the biomechanical mechanisms behind ulcer progression remain inadequately understood, limiting the effectiveness of current prevention and management strategies. This book consolidates advanced research methodologies and experimental approaches to explore the onset and evolution of Diabetic foot ulcers. Key sections of the book focus on the development of computational models for different foot types (normal foot and flatfoot) and further discuss the ulceration progression and recurrence due to repetitive plantar loading. Based on the computational results and ulcer-prone regions, a modular pressure offloading insole was developed and clinically tested for the effectiveness analysis. The outcomes of this monograph are intended to guide clinicians, biomedical engineers, and researchers in developing improved diagnostic tools, orthotic interventions, and patient-specific monitoring techniques. Furthermore, it serves as an important resource for understanding the underlying mechanics of ulcer formation and progression, offering potential translational impact in diabetic foot care and preventative medicine.

This monograph focuses on the surface modification of medical-grade Co-Cr (ASTM F75) alloy using the Electrical Discharge Machining (EDM) to enhance the biological response, corrosion resistance, and surface properties of metallic implants. The aim is to improve long-term implant functionality by addressing critical challenges such as inflammatory responses, bacterial infections, wear, corrosion, and loosening, which often lead to implant failure and revision surgeries. The work is structured into three stages: in Stage I, a full factorial experimental array was designed by varying current and pulse-on-time to analyze the influence of spark energy on the Co-Cr alloy surface; in Stage II, Taguchi’s L18 orthogonal array was employed to examine the effects of discharge current, pulse-on-time, pause time, dielectric medium, and tool electrode, with corrosion reactivity assessed in biological environments using potentiodynamic techniques; in Stage III, tribological properties and in-vitro cytotoxicity were studied through wear rate and coefficient of friction tests on a pin-on-disc tribometer in ringer solution. Surface characterization using SEM, EDX, and XRD provided detailed insights into the impact of EDM on surface features. This book will serve as a valuable resource for researchers and students in biomaterials, offering guidance on recent trends and applications for enhancing implant bioactivity, adaptability, and durability.

This book explores the rapidly advancing intersection of biomaterials science and clinical diagnostics and therapeutics, collectively known as Theranostics. It focuses on the design, development, and translational application of extracellular matrix (ECM)–mimicking biomaterials as next-generation platforms for improving diagnostic accuracy, therapeutic delivery, and treatment predictability—particularly in cancer, tissue regeneration, and personalized medicine.At its core, the book examines how biomimetic ECM systems replicate the structural, biochemical, and mechanical cues of native tissues, enabling more physiologically relevant in vitro and in vivo environments. By emulating the dynamic and hierarchical architecture of the ECM, these materials demonstrate significant potential in enhancing drug delivery, predicting therapeutic efficacy, and facilitating tissue repair and regeneration.The book provides in-depth coverage of advanced fabrication strategies, including 3D bioprinting, molecular self-assembly, and decellularization-based approaches, for creating functional ECM analogs. Each chapter presents case studies, experimental findings, and applied methodologies, illustrating how ECM biomimicry is being integrated into theranostic systems across diverse biomedical applications. A distinguishing feature of this volume is its incorporation of high-quality illustrations, 3D renderings, and comprehensive tables, which visually elucidate complex mechanisms, material architectures, and data interpretation. This book offers a holistic framework for leveraging ECM biomimicking in Theranostics by bridging fundamental biomaterials research with applied clinical translation. It serves as a valuable resource for biomaterials scientists, bioengineers, clinicians, and translational researchers seeking to stay at the forefront of regenerative medicine, cancer therapy, and diagnostic innovation.

Soft tissue simulants, essential for automotive and ballistic testing, medical, and surgical training, have traditionally relied on cadavers and animal tissues. However, their biomechanical properties change with time due to dehydration after death and the biomechanics of the animal models cannot be translated and compared with the human tissues. This book compiles various synthetic tissues used in these applications, addressing their characterization and industry-wide applications. While older simulants lack biofidelity, recent advancements in biofidelic soft tissue simulants offer promising alternatives, yet technology transfer remains limited. This book fills the gap by exploring each simulant's characteristics and current trends, facilitating their adoption in clinical and academic settings. These synthetic tissues have the potential to replace live tissues in surgical training, streamlining biosafety approvals. They also benefit academic researchers by reducing costs and time in biomechanical testing. Anticipated to be the first of its kind, this comprehensive reference book will showcase recent advancements in soft tissue simulant development, serving as a cornerstone text in tissue engineering & biomedical engineering, medical simulation, biomechanics, and related fields.

Soft tissue simulants, essential for automotive and ballistic testing, medical, and surgical training, have traditionally relied on cadavers and animal tissues. However, their biomechanical properties change with time due to dehydration after death and the biomechanics of the animal models cannot be translated and compared with the human tissues. This book compiles various synthetic tissues used in these applications, addressing their characterization and industry-wide applications. While older simulants lack biofidelity, recent advancements in biofidelic soft tissue simulants offer promising alternatives, yet technology transfer remains limited. This book fills the gap by exploring each simulant's characteristics and current trends, facilitating their adoption in clinical and academic settings. These synthetic tissues have the potential to replace live tissues in surgical training, streamlining biosafety approvals. They also benefit academic researchers by reducing costs and time in biomechanical testing. Anticipated to be the first of its kind, this comprehensive reference book will showcase recent advancements in soft tissue simulant development, serving as a cornerstone text in tissue engineering & biomedical engineering, medical simulation, biomechanics, and related fields.

This book discusses the different skin grafting methods, latest trends in graft designing, and its relationship with the burn injuries. An introduction to several conventional and modern skin grafting methods and how crucial the innovation is for recovery of large burns will be presented. The technologies involved in the development of skin grafts incisions, and study of their effect on the mechanical properties and systematically modified skin graft patterns, will be covered at length. The development of skin grafts using conventional, auxetic, and hierarchical patterns through computational and experimental frameworks will be discussed in detail. Also, the role of skin graft patterns on the mechanical stresses, expansion ratio or meshing ratio, will be presented. Additionally, the role of degree of burn, size of burn, and region of burn will be discussed, and its generalizability will be covered in detail. Finally, the challenges with the existing skin graft meshers and latest development in this niche area will be highlighted. This book is anticipated to serve as a key reference for medical and research professionals working in the skin grafting domain as well as the product manufacturing industries. For example, skin grafting plays an important role to cure the serious burn injuries. Current innovative skin graft patterns which cover higher area compared to traditional skin graft patterns are anticipated to help in surgery and faster recovery of larger burnt areas. Also, the current skin graft mesher, which is used to develop traditional skin grafts, cannot produce claimed expansions clinically. This book helps design novel mesher devices to reduce the difference between actual and claimed expansions clinically and increase the skin graft coverage area to recover burn sites with lesser available skin. This book is equally useful for students of medical practices, manufacturing engineering, and design engineering.

This book discusses the different skin grafting methods, latest trends in graft designing, and its relationship with the burn injuries. An introduction to several conventional and modern skin grafting methods and how crucial the innovation is for recovery of large burns will be presented. The technologies involved in the development of skin grafts incisions, and study of their effect on the mechanical properties and systematically modified skin graft patterns, will be covered at length. The development of skin grafts using conventional, auxetic, and hierarchical patterns through computational and experimental frameworks will be discussed in detail. Also, the role of skin graft patterns on the mechanical stresses, expansion ratio or meshing ratio, will be presented. Additionally, the role of degree of burn, size of burn, and region of burn will be discussed, and its generalizability will be covered in detail. Finally, the challenges with the existing skin graft meshers and latest development in this niche area will be highlighted. This book is anticipated to serve as a key reference for medical and research professionals working in the skin grafting domain as well as the product manufacturing industries. For example, skin grafting plays an important role to cure the serious burn injuries. Current innovative skin graft patterns which cover higher area compared to traditional skin graft patterns are anticipated to help in surgery and faster recovery of larger burnt areas. Also, the current skin graft mesher, which is used to develop traditional skin grafts, cannot produce claimed expansions clinically. This book helps design novel mesher devices to reduce the difference between actual and claimed expansions clinically and increase the skin graft coverage area to recover burn sites with lesser available skin. This book is equally useful for students of medical practices, manufacturing engineering, and design engineering.

"Handbook on Biomaterials for Medical Applications: Fundamentals" is a critical monograph that merges advanced technological insights with practical applications in biomedical materials science. It navigates through the intricate blend of theoretical knowledge and real-world medical practices, highlighting the significant roles these materials play in enhancing therapeutic outcomes. Addressing the interdisciplinary nature of the field, the book incorporates perspectives from chemistry, biology, engineering, and clinical medicine. This comprehensive guide covers novel biomaterials, advanced drug delivery systems, innovative tissue engineering, and the emerging field of theranostics, providing a holistic view of how these elements drive medical advancements. This book can be a valuable reference for scholars, researchers, and healthcare practitioners. Its text is richly illustrated with diagrams and tables, facilitating both the understanding and application of complex concepts. With an educational narrative accessible to both experts and beginners, the monograph encourages a passion for innovation and a deep understanding of the transformative potential of multifunctional biomedical materials. It invites readers to explore the confluence of materials science and therapeutic innovation, setting the stage for future breakthroughs in medical science and therapy. It can also be prescribed as a textbook for various graduate and undergraduate courses like tissue engineering and regenerative medicine, nanomedicine, biomedical engineering and biomaterials science and engineering.

"Handbook on Biomaterials for Medical Applications: Fundamentals" is a critical monograph that merges advanced technological insights with practical applications in biomedical materials science. It navigates through the intricate blend of theoretical knowledge and real-world medical practices, highlighting the significant roles these materials play in enhancing therapeutic outcomes. Addressing the interdisciplinary nature of the field, the book incorporates perspectives from chemistry, biology, engineering, and clinical medicine. This comprehensive guide covers novel biomaterials, advanced drug delivery systems, innovative tissue engineering, and the emerging field of theranostics, providing a holistic view of how these elements drive medical advancements. This book can be a valuable reference for scholars, researchers, and healthcare practitioners. Its text is richly illustrated with diagrams and tables, facilitating both the understanding and application of complex concepts. With an educational narrative accessible to both experts and beginners, the monograph encourages a passion for innovation and a deep understanding of the transformative potential of multifunctional biomedical materials. It invites readers to explore the confluence of materials science and therapeutic innovation, setting the stage for future breakthroughs in medical science and therapy. It can also be prescribed as a textbook for various graduate and undergraduate courses like tissue engineering and regenerative medicine, nanomedicine, biomedical engineering and biomaterials science and engineering.

The subject focuses on the 3D printing applications in rehabilitation industry. It presents a detailed comparative analysis between the conventional methods and digital manufacturing process and materials. It covers the wide area of application of 3D printing in prosthetics and orthotics industry, covering invasive as well as non-invasive applications. This technology has the potential to revolutionize the way prosthetics and orthotics are designed and manufactured. This book, being interdisciplinary in nature, can greatly benefit students from various disciplines in science, design and engineering and technology field. The book highlights the applications of 3D printing and uses a combination of modernized teaching and didactic approach. The readers can gain a deeper understanding of the subject matter and learn about the latest developments and techniques in the field of digital manufacturing. This book also provides practical information and instructions that are necessary for application-related design consideration and helps the reader apply their knowledge in real-world situations. This book will help readers in developing critical thinking and problem-solving skills for engineering applications in healthcare, as 3D printing provides unique-customized solutions. Additionally, it can serve as valuable reference for professionals and students interested in applications of 3D printing in rehabilitation industry.

The subject focuses on the 3D printing applications in rehabilitation industry. It presents a detailed comparative analysis between the conventional methods and digital manufacturing process and materials. It covers the wide area of application of 3D printing in prosthetics and orthotics industry, covering invasive as well as non-invasive applications. This technology has the potential to revolutionize the way prosthetics and orthotics are designed and manufactured. This book, being interdisciplinary in nature, can greatly benefit students from various disciplines in science, design and engineering and technology field. The book highlights the applications of 3D printing and uses a combination of modernized teaching and didactic approach. The readers can gain a deeper understanding of the subject matter and learn about the latest developments and techniques in the field of digital manufacturing. This book also provides practical information and instructions that are necessary for application-related design consideration and helps the reader apply their knowledge in real-world situations. This book will help readers in developing critical thinking and problem-solving skills for engineering applications in healthcare, as 3D printing provides unique-customized solutions. Additionally, it can serve as valuable reference for professionals and students interested in applications of 3D printing in rehabilitation industry.

New fabrication techniques and biomaterials have advanced significantly as attention toward healthcare innovations in recent decades has increased. This book provides a comprehensive overview of the application of additive manufacturing for biomedical devices. The book focuses on the use of biomaterial for hard and soft tissue engineering. These materials can imitate the mechanical, structural, and biological characteristics of the parent tissue, repairing or replacing its functioning. It provides details on the use of various biomaterials for different biomedical applications. It highlights the present trends and potential of various techniques and materials for various applications. The chapters in this book written by eminent experts highlight recent developments in additive manufacturing for biological mimicking and surgical planning. It discusses latest advances in various 3D printing technologies in the fabrication of biomedical devices for orthopaedic and cardiovascular applications, along with rising trends in designing and creating tissue replacement substitute simulants. This book can serve as a fundamental textbook for research in additive manufacturing, fabrication of implants or scaffolds and medical device development, biomaterials, tissue engineering, and biomedical engineering. This book can be a valuable resource for mechanical and biomedical engineers, academicians, healthcare researchers, and professionals interested in tissue engineering.

New fabrication techniques and biomaterials have advanced significantly as attention toward healthcare innovations in recent decades has increased. This book provides a comprehensive overview of the application of additive manufacturing for biomedical devices. The book focuses on the use of biomaterial for hard and soft tissue engineering. These materials can imitate the mechanical, structural, and biological characteristics of the parent tissue, repairing or replacing its functioning. It provides details on the use of various biomaterials for different biomedical applications. It highlights the present trends and potential of various techniques and materials for various applications. The chapters in this book written by eminent experts highlight recent developments in additive manufacturing for biological mimicking and surgical planning. It discusses latest advances in various 3D printing technologies in the fabrication of biomedical devices for orthopaedic and cardiovascular applications, along with rising trends in designing and creating tissue replacement substitute simulants. This book can serve as a fundamental textbook for research in additive manufacturing, fabrication of implants or scaffolds and medical device development, biomaterials, tissue engineering, and biomedical engineering. This book can be a valuable resource for mechanical and biomedical engineers, academicians, healthcare researchers, and professionals interested in tissue engineering.

“Handbook on Biomaterials for Medical Applications: Applications " is a comprehensive exploration of the cutting-edge developments in the field of biomedical materials, with a strong focus on their multifunctional applications in therapeutics. This book delves into the innovative materials and techniques that are revolutionizing the way we approach healthcare, offering readers valuable insights into the latest breakthroughs and their potential impact on medical treatments. Its text is richly illustrated with diagrams and tables, facilitating both the understanding and application of complex concepts. This book can be a valuable reference for scholars, researchers, and healthcare practitioners.

“Handbook on Biomaterials for Medical Applications: Applications " is a comprehensive exploration of the cutting-edge developments in the field of biomedical materials, with a strong focus on their multifunctional applications in therapeutics. This book delves into the innovative materials and techniques that are revolutionizing the way we approach healthcare, offering readers valuable insights into the latest breakthroughs and their potential impact on medical treatments. Its text is richly illustrated with diagrams and tables, facilitating both the understanding and application of complex concepts. This book can be a valuable reference for scholars, researchers, and healthcare practitioners.

This book provides an insight into the basic fundamentals of the biomaterials used for the biomedical applications, their development and processing techniques. Advanced materials are significantly utilized for the biomedical applications ranging from dental devices to cancer treatment owing to their higher biocompatibility and better interaction with tissues. This book covers the various topics that include basic biocompatibility phenomena, insight to materials science, class of different advanced materials as a biomaterials, development and processing techniques, design and analysis of the developed advanced materials, investigation of its properties and major applications. Recent information regarding the development techniques and methods for improving the properties of the advanced materials in the field of biomedical applications is highlighted in detail. The textbook offers clear explanation of the text in the chapters with self-explanatory figures and tables. It demonstrates the novel methods, opportunities and ideas for developing biomaterials in the field of biomedical applications. It also includes critical review study of the developed advanced materials for biomedical applications in a new summarized form. The inclusion of the discussions on hybrid polymer-based composites and self-healing composite materials offers a special feature in the textbook. It features a thorough overview of the simulation aspect in the biomedical applications. The book features at least 50% of its references from last three–four years’ work in the field of biomaterials and biomedical. The book content adds to the redundancy in the literature work related to biomedical and biomaterials.This book is a valuable resource for academicians, students and scholars from science and engineering background having interest in biomaterials. It is helpful to the biomedical engineering group especially in countries or location where they don’t have accessto the major journals.

This book provides an insight into the basic fundamentals of the biomaterials used for the biomedical applications, their development and processing techniques. Advanced materials are significantly utilized for the biomedical applications ranging from dental devices to cancer treatment owing to their higher biocompatibility and better interaction with tissues. This book covers the various topics that include basic biocompatibility phenomena, insight to materials science, class of different advanced materials as a biomaterials, development and processing techniques, design and analysis of the developed advanced materials, investigation of its properties and major applications. Recent information regarding the development techniques and methods for improving the properties of the advanced materials in the field of biomedical applications is highlighted in detail. The textbook offers clear explanation of the text in the chapters with self-explanatory figures and tables. It demonstrates the novel methods, opportunities and ideas for developing biomaterials in the field of biomedical applications. It also includes critical review study of the developed advanced materials for biomedical applications in a new summarized form. The inclusion of the discussions on hybrid polymer-based composites and self-healing composite materials offers a special feature in the textbook. It features a thorough overview of the simulation aspect in the biomedical applications. The book features at least 50% of its references from last three–four years’ work in the field of biomaterials and biomedical. The book content adds to the redundancy in the literature work related to biomedical and biomaterials.This book is a valuable resource for academicians, students and scholars from science and engineering background having interest in biomaterials. It is helpful to the biomedical engineering group especially in countries or location where they don’t have accessto the major journals.

This contributed volume presents the latest research on additive manufacturing (AM) or 3D printing, one of the key techniques of novel medical devices, which can process complicated or customized structures to match the properties of human tissues. AM allows for the fabrication of devices with optimal architectures, complicated morphologies, surface integrity, and regulated porosity and chemical composition. Various AM methods can now consistently fabricate dense products for a variety of materials, comprising steels, titanium alloys, Co-Cr alloys, metal-based composites, and nanocomposites. This book elucidates the chronology of various techniques that are categorized under additive manufacturing. Moreover, the futuristic techniques or advancements in this area are also described. The available literature focuses on the microstructure and various properties of 3D-printed alloys. However, the research on the wear characteristics, corrosion resistance, and biocompatibility of 3D-printedtechnology for biomedical applications is limited. This book comprises the helicopter view of different surface analysis trends of additive manufactured alloys. The book can be a valuable reference for beginners, researchers, and professionals interested in bioimplant manufacturing and allied fields.

This contributed volume presents the latest research on additive manufacturing (AM) or 3D printing, one of the key techniques of novel medical devices, which can process complicated or customized structures to match the properties of human tissues. AM allows for the fabrication of devices with optimal architectures, complicated morphologies, surface integrity, and regulated porosity and chemical composition. Various AM methods can now consistently fabricate dense products for a variety of materials, comprising steels, titanium alloys, Co-Cr alloys, metal-based composites, and nanocomposites. This book elucidates the chronology of various techniques that are categorized under additive manufacturing. Moreover, the futuristic techniques or advancements in this area are also described. The available literature focuses on the microstructure and various properties of 3D-printed alloys. However, the research on the wear characteristics, corrosion resistance, and biocompatibility of 3D-printedtechnology for biomedical applications is limited. This book comprises the helicopter view of different surface analysis trends of additive manufactured alloys. The book can be a valuable reference for beginners, researchers, and professionals interested in bioimplant manufacturing and allied fields.

This book discusses the science of footwear traction and its relationship with slips and falls. It presents a detailed introduction to slips and falls and how crucial footwear traction is to avoid such incidents. The book covers ergonomics involved in the development of tread designs and the study of their effect on traction across footwear and systematically modified shoes. It discusses characterization techniques employed in the study of footwear traction across normal gait activities, such as walking and running and in sports, such as sprinting, basketball, and football. The book also covers the role of flooring and slippery contaminants on footwear traction and its generalizability. Additionally, the book also presents how the wear of footwear outsoles may reduce the traction at the shoe-floor and lead to slips and falls. It also discusses the challenges with the existing footwear traction testing methods, and the latest developments in this niche area are highlighted. The bookis a valuable reference for researchers and professionals interested in ergonomics, footwear technology, manufacturing engineering, safety engineering, and design engineering and its allied fields.