Bloomsbury Studies on Cuba – serie

Youth and the Cuban Revolution: Youth Culture and Politics in 1960s Cuba is a new history of the first decade of the Cuban Revolution, exploring how youth came to play such an important role in the 1960s on this Caribbean island. Certainly, youth culture and politics worldwide were in the ascendant in that decade, but in this pioneering and thought-provoking work Anne Luke explains how the unique circumstances of the newly developing socialist revolution in Cuba created an ethos of youth which becomes one of the factors that explains how and why the Cuban Revolution survives to this day. By examining how youth was constructed and constituted within revolutionary discourse, policy, and the lived experience of young Cubans in the 1960s, Luke examines the conflicted (but ultimately successful) development of a revolutionary youth culture. She explores the fault lines along which the notion of youth was created—between the internal and the external, between discourse and the everyday, between politics and culture.Luke looks at how in the first decade of the Cuban Revolution a young leadership—Fidel, Raúl and Che—were complemented by a group of new protagonists from Cuba’s young generation. These could be literacy teachers, party members, militia members, teachers, singers, poets… all aiming to define and shape the Cuban Revolution. Together young Cubans took part in defining what it meant to be young, socialist and Cuban in this effervescent decade. The picture that emerges is one in which neither youth politics nor youth culture can alone help to explain the first decade of the Revolution; rather through the sometimes conflicted intersection of both there emerged a generation constantly to be renewed—a youth in Revolution.

Cuba’s Gay Revolution explores the unique health-based approach that was employed in Cuba to dramatically change attitudes and policies regarding sexual diversity (LGBTQ) since 1959. It examines leaders in the process to normalize sexual diversity, such as the Federation of Cuban Women (FMC) and the National Center of Sexual Education (CENESEX). This book is written for scholars interested in LGBTQ issues, Cuba, and Latin America.

The People's Professors: How Cuba Achieved Education for All describes how Cuba managed, in spite of scarce resources, to successfully educate its entire population after the revolution in 1959. It details how illiterate peasants learned to read and write, how the nation’s vision of education was developed, how the national school system was doubled in size, thousands of teachers were educated, and now—how Cuba is entering the realm of digital media and the internet. The people of Cuba can read and write better than the citizens of most countries, including the United States. Moreover, Cubans excel on international measures of math, science, the arts, and healthcare. This book considers Cuba’s schools as well as its integrated systems such as healthcare and community mental health, and makes a case for the principles that education is a human right, and that teaching is the responsibility of everyone.

The People's Professors: How Cuba Achieved Education for All describes how Cuba managed, in spite of scarce resources, to successfully educate its entire population after the revolution in 1959. It details how illiterate peasants learned to read and write, how the nation’s vision of education was developed, how the national school system was doubled in size, thousands of teachers were educated, and now—how Cuba is entering the realm of digital media and the internet. The people of Cuba can read and write better than the citizens of most countries, including the United States. Moreover, Cubans excel on international measures of math, science, the arts, and healthcare. This book considers Cuba’s schools as well as its integrated systems such as healthcare and community mental health, and makes a case for the principles that education is a human right, and that teaching is the responsibility of everyone.

The 1970s have largely been overlooked in scholarly studies of the Cuban Revolution, or, at the very least, dismissed simply as a period of “Sovietization” characterized by widespread bureaucratization, institutionalization, and adherence to Soviet orthodoxy. Consequently, scant research exists that examines the major changes that took place across the decade and their role in determining the course of the Revolution. This book provides, for the first time, a comprehensive assessment of the 1970s which challenges prevailing interpretations. Drawing from multidisciplinary perspectives and exploring a range of areas—including politics, international relations, culture, education, and healthcare—its contributing authors demonstrate that the decade was a time of intense transformation which proved pivotal to the development of the Revolution. Indeed, many of the ideas, approaches, policies, and legislation developed and tested during the 1970s maintain a very visible legacy in contemporary Cuba. In highlighting the complexity of the 1970s, this volume ultimately aims to contribute to a greater understanding of the Cuban Revolution and how it chooses to face the challenges of the twenty-first century.

By comparing the current reform process under President Raúl Castro to Cuba’s opening to market capitalism during the 1990s Special Period crisis, Everyday Adjustments in Havana: Economic Reforms, Mobility, and Emerging Inequalities highlights the differences and continuities between adjustments in both periods and their social impacts. It explores the impacts of specific policies such as the expansion of self-employment and the recreation of a private housing market, examining how changes in domestic and international policies after 2011 have modified the post-Special Period status quo and contributed to the formation of new social groups that did not previously exist in Cuba’s Socialist society.

This book addresses the relationship between Moscow and Havana in the period from the Russian Revolution through the present, i.e. from November 1917 onwards. Its release is particularly timely, due to both November 2017 being the 100th anniversary of the Russian Revolution, as well as the historic election in Cuba in April 2018, when Miguel Díaz-Canel replaced Raúl Castro as the President of Cuba. Traditionally, Moscow’s interest in Cuba has been thought to have been ignited by the Cuban Revolution in January 1959 and ended by the implosion of the Soviet Union in December 1991. This book examines why a bilateral relationship has existed throughout the last century, specifically in three distinct periods: (1) from the time of the Russian Revolution until the Cuban Revolution, (2) from January 1959 until December 1991 and (3) the post-Soviet period from 1992 until the present. It also analyzes the questions of what within the relationship drew the two countries together in these three disparate periods when in only one, January 1959 to December 1991, did the relationship exist between two socialist governments. It offers a number of different conclusions, including that although each period of the relationship has its own peculiarities and nuances, a number of commonalities exist between the three eras. Consequently, it is posited that due to these commonalities, the contemporary bilateral relationship remains important for both countries, and is likely to continue in its present form for the short to medium term, despite the historic change which occurred in Cuba in April 2018.

This book examines the ways in which the Cuban-Soviet relationship was expressed in the cultural sphere between 1961 and 1987. It specifically focuses on the theater and the visual arts to analyze the ways in which the culture became a means of asserting the Cuban Revolution’s independence.

A Social History of Cuba’s Protestants: God and the Nation presents a religious and social history of Cuba, focusing on the Presbyterian and other Protestant churches, to show the continuity of ties between US and Cuban churches before and after the revolution in 1959. By examining the history of Cuba’s Protestants as agents of social change within Cuba and as partners with US denominations, James A. Baer offers a unique assessment of Cuba’s development as a nation and its relationship with the United States. Scholars of Latin American studies, religion, history, and social movements will find this book particularly useful.

This book by Paolo Spadoni and José Luis Perelló Cabrera examines the history of tourism in Cuba and the expansion and struggles of international tourism in Cuba in the post-Cold War era.The Cuban Tourism Industry: Evolution, Challenges, and Prospects begins with a historical review of the development of tourism as an important industry in pre-1959 Cuba and the subsequent decline in the first fifteen years of the revolution before a modest recovery in the second half of the 1970s and during the 1980s. Spadoni and Cabrera continue with a thorough analysis of the remarkable expansion of international tourism in Cuba in the post-Cold War era and in the era of improved relations with the United States that officially began in 2014, along with an assessment of the sector’s economic impact and its main challenges. A critical assessment of the damaging effects on the Cuban tourism sector of stiffened U.S. sanctions imposed by the Trump administration, and largely maintained by the Biden administration, is also provided. This book examines tourism trends in Cuba and the Caribbean in the post-pandemic era and sheds additional light on Cuba’s recent tourism performance to underscore key flaws of the Cuban tourism industry and suggest potential adjustments.

Cuba, Africa, and Apartheid’s End: Africa's Children Return! examines the history and impressive dimensions of the Cuban Revolution’s solidarity with Africa. Cuba’s role in the southern African national liberation and anti-colonial struggle was the largest and most consequential manifestation of the island’s commitment to Africa. A key moment was the 1987–1988 battle of Cuito Cuanavale, which involved Cuba and Angola on one side, and South Africa and its allies on the other. Cuito Cuanavale contributed the end of apartheid and has assumed legendary status within the Cuban Revolution and the southern African liberation movement.

Cuba, Africa, and Apartheid’s End: Africa's Children Return! examines the history and impressive dimensions of the Cuban Revolution’s solidarity with Africa. Cuba’s role in the southern African national liberation and anti-colonial struggle was the largest and most consequential manifestation of the island’s commitment to Africa. A key moment was the 1987–1988 battle of Cuito Cuanavale, which involved Cuba and Angola on one side, and South Africa and its allies on the other. Cuito Cuanavale contributed the end of apartheid and has assumed legendary status within the Cuban Revolution and the southern African liberation movement.

Citizen Engagement in Cuba: Neighbors and the State in Pogolotti examines citizen engagement at the local level in Cuba through projects initiated by the community since the 1990s. The nature of citizen participation in Cuba is not clearly understood by many in the United States, where the communist government is conflated with the Soviet states of Eastern Europe as a totalitarian regime in which the people of Cuba are helpless to confront, and punished when they do. The reality in Cuba is much more nuanced. This book discusses this reality through a focus on Pogolotti, reflecting on its history as the first low-cost housing community in Cuba in 1910. This community is but one example of a neighborhood where projects represent active participation by citizens. The willingness of communist authorities to work with officially sanctioned workshops and partner with civic groups indicates a level of citizen participation that has not been studied fully and provides an understanding of the relationship between citizens and the state in Cuba.

Drawing on the work of contributors from a variety provinces, institutions, and disciplines, Social and Solidarity Economy in Cuba examines the role of Social and Solidarity Economics (SSE) amidst national change in Cuba. The contributors examine a variety of topics, including public–private relations, production chains, gender roles, vulnerable groups, social participation, social balance, and the training of stakeholders. Depicting both challenges and opportunities, this book makes a strong and sustained case for solidary and socially responsible practices in Cuba.

Entangled Terrains and Identities in Cuba: Memories of Guantánamo explores the challenges and conflicts of life in the transnational spaces between Cuba and the United States by examining the lived experiences of Alberto Jones, a first-generation black Cuban who worked at the U.S. naval base at Guantánamo Bay. Asa McKercher and Catherine Krull take readers on a journey through Jones’s life as he crossed the entangled political, racial, cultural, and economic boundaries, both in Cuba and living as a black Cuban in central Florida. McKercher and Krull argue that Jones’s story encapsulates the reality of recent Caribbean and Cuban experiences as they deconstruct the events of his life to reveal the broader cultural and social implications of identity, boundaries, and belonging throughout Caribbean and Cuban history.

This book is a broad and rich collection of contributions to the debate on cooperatives in Cuba and argues that they have the potential to both improve Cubans’ material standard of living and to strengthen the Revolution’s project of building socialism.For almost 200 years advocates of socialism have argued about whether having cooperatives as base production units is inconsistent with socialism’s requirements for a socially and democratically planned economy. Concerning what is possible, the contributors argue that organizing large parts of Cuba’s existing and necessary small and medium scale production into cooperatives would be beneficial both for improving Cubans’ material standard of living and for strengthening the Revolution’s project of building a socialist economy. Concerning the cooperatives that exist in Cuba today, the contributors argue two factors constitute key barriers to the cooperatives’ ability to achieve these goals. First, their performance is severely crippled by inadequate autonomy of cooperatives from those state institutions tasked with their management under. Second, cooperatives need to be massively developed and promoted not only in the agricultural sector where they already play such an important role, but also in the much larger nonagricultural sector of the economy, where an official program to do exactly that has been “on pause” for over a decade. Cooperatives in Cuba is a call for the Cuban government to promote an authentic cooperativization of significant parts of the small and medium productive units that are explosively developing there, as a part of its new socioeconomic model for its desired “prosperous and sustainable socialism.”

Cuban International Relations at 60 brings together the perspectives of leading experts and the personal accounts of two ambassadors to examine Cuba’s global engagement and foreign policy since January 1959 by focusing on the island’s key international relationships and issues. Thisbook’s first section focuseson Havana’s complex relationship with Washington and its second section concentrates on Cuba’s other key relationships with consideration also being given to Cuba's external trade and investment sectors and the possibility of the island becoming a future petro-power. Throughout this study due attention is given to the role of history and Cuban nationalism in the formation of the island’s unique foreign policy. This book’s examination and reflection on Cuba as an actor on the international arena for the 60 years of the revolutionary period highlights the multifaceted and complex reasons for the island’s global engagement. It concludes that Cuba’s global presence since January 1959 has been remarkable for a Caribbean island, is unparalleled, and is likely to continue for the foreseeable future. Scholars of international relations, Latin American studies, and political science n will find this book particularly interesting.

Afro-Cuban Religions and the Arts: A Dog Has Four LegsBut Takes Only One Path argues for an understanding of Afro-Cuban religions and Vodou through the arts, be it through music, the visual arts, film, or literature. This book examines the philosophical and spiritual facets of religions like Regla de Ocha, Palo, Abakuá, and Vodou, and how deeply embedded they are in Cuban popular culture. Cuban popular music, from son to salsa, timba to rap, offer reflections on Ocha, Palo, and Abakuá influences. Film and visual arts borrow allegory from Regla de Ocha and Palo beliefs. Myth and the Haitian Revolution is embedded throughout the work of Alejo Carpentier, Aimé Césaire, and Derek Walcott. This volume seeks to dialogue with the works of contemporary artists and Caribbean ancestors such as C.L.R. James, Wilson Harris, and Fernández-Retamar, in order to show the impacts that spiritualism, religious belief, and mythology have had on Afro-Cuban art.