Cambridge Mathematical Library – serie

First published in 1968, An Introduction to Harmonic Analysis has firmly established itself as a classic text and a favorite for students and experts alike. Professor Katznelson starts the book with an exposition of classical Fourier series. The aim is to demonstrate the central ideas of harmonic analysis in a concrete setting, and to provide a stock of examples to foster a clear understanding of the theory. Once these ideas are established, the author goes on to show that the scope of harmonic analysis extends far beyond the setting of the circle group, and he opens the door to other contexts by considering Fourier transforms on the real line as well as a brief look at Fourier analysis on locally compact abelian groups. This new edition has been revised by the author, to include several new sections and a new appendix.

A comprehensive textbook in which the author describes the science of waves in liquids and gases. Drawing on a subject of enormous extent and variety, he provides his readers with a thorough analysis of the most important and representative types of waves including sound waves, shock waves, waterwaves of all kinds, and the so-called internal waves (inside atmospheres and oceans) due to intensity stratification. Emphasis throughout is on the most generally useful fundamental ideas of wave science, including the principles of how waves interact with flows. This standard work on one of the great subdivisions of the dynamics of fluids is lucidly written and will be invaluable to engineers, physicists, geophysicists, applied mathematicians or any research worker concerned with wave motions or fluid fllows. It is especially suitable as a textbook for courses at the final year undergraduate or graduate level.

Now back in print, this highly regarded book has been updated to reflect recent advances in the theory of semistable coherent sheaves and their moduli spaces, which include moduli spaces in positive characteristic, moduli spaces of principal bundles and of complexes, Hilbert schemes of points on surfaces, derived categories of coherent sheaves, and moduli spaces of sheaves on Calabi-Yau threefolds. The authors review changes in the field since the publication of the original edition in 1997 and point the reader towards further literature. References have been brought up to date and errors removed. Developed from the authors' lectures, this book is ideal as a text for graduate students as well as a valuable resource for any mathematician with a background in algebraic geometry who wants to learn more about Grothendieck's approach.

This classic of the mathematical literature forms a comprehensive study of the inequalities used throughout mathematics. First published in 1934, it presents clearly and exhaustively both the statement and proof of all the standard inequalities of analysis. The authors were well known for their powers of exposition and were able here to make the subject accessible to a wide audience of mathematicians.

This classic book is a encylopaedic and comprehensive account of the classical theory of analytical dynamics. The treatment is rigorous yet readable, starting from first principles with kinematics before moving to equations of motion and specific and explicit methods for solving them, with chapters devoted to particle dyanmics, rigid bodies, vibration, and dissipative systems. Hamilton's principle is introduced and then applied to dynamical systems, including three-body systems and celestial mechanics. Very many examples and exercisies are supplied throughout.

Originally published in 1934 in the Cambridge Tracts, this volume presents the theory of the distribution of the prime numbers in the series of natural numbers. The major part of the book is devoted to the analytical theory founded on the zeta-function of Riemann. Despite being out of print for a long time, this Tract still remains unsurpassed as an introduction to the field, combining an economy of detail with a clarity of exposition which eases the novice into this area.

The theory of surfaces has reached a certain stage of completeness and major efforts concentrate on solving concrete questions rather than developing further the formal theory. Many of these questions are touched upon in this classic volume: such as the classification of quartic surfaces, the description of moduli spaces for abelian surfaces, and the automorphism group of a Kummer surface. First printed in 1905 after the untimely death of the author, this work has stood for most of this century as one of the classic reference works in geometry.

This classic book, now re-issued in paperback, presents a detailed account of the mathematical theory of viscosity, thermal conduction and diffusion in non-uniform gases based on the solution of the Maxwell-Boltzmann equations. The theory of Chapman and Enskog, describing work on dense gases, quantum theory of collisions and the theory of conduction and diffusion in ionized gases in the presence of electric and magnetic fields, is extended in the later chapters. The third edition was first published in 1970 and included revisions to take account of extensions of the theory to fresh molecular models and of new methods used in discussing dense gases and plasmas. This reprint will therefore be of value to mathematicians, theoretical physicists and chemical engineers interested in gas theory and its applications.

In the summer semester of 1897 David Hilbert (1862-1943) gave an introductory course in Invariant Theory at the University of Gottingen. This book is an English translation of the handwritten notes taken from this course by Hilbert's student Sophus Marxen. The year 1897 was the perfect time for Hilbert to present an introduction to invariant theory as his research in the subject had been completed. His famous finiteness theorem had been proved and published in two papers that changed the course of invariant theory dramatically and that laid the foundation for modern commutative algebra. Thus these lectures take into account both the old approach of his predecessors and his newer ideas. This bridge from nineteenth- to twentieth-century mathematics makes these lecture notes a special and fascinating account of invariant theory. Hilbert's course was given at a level accessible to graduate students in mathematics, requiring only a familiarity with linear algebra and the basics of ring and group theory.

Many of the ideas introduced by Macaulay in this book have developed into central concepts in what has become the branch of mathematics known as Commutative Algebra. Today his name is remembered through the term 'Cohen-Macaulay ring', however, it is less well known that he pioneered several other fundamental ideas, including the concept of the Gorenstein ring and the use of injective modules, ideas which were not systematically developed until considerably later in this century. An introduction by Professor Paul Roberts links past with present. The background to Macaulay's thinking is discussed, and the development of modern theory is outlined. The wealth of ideas expounded here by Macaulay over 75 years ago, will still be a source of inspiration to all workers in commutative algebra.

This reissue of the classic 1932 edition of Lamb's Hydrodynamics is an indication of the lasting value of the work. Constantly in use since its first publication in 1892, this book is the definitive reference work for all fluid dynamicists. The new foreword by Professor R. Caflisch highlights the prominence of this treatise in the field and outlines the development of fluid mechanics that led to its publication. He also resolves possible conflicts with modern notation. Despite the rapid pace of research in modern fluid mechanics study and the advent of high-speed computers, Lamb's work remains a relevant, timeless classic.

This is a substantial revision of a much-quoted monograph, first published in 1974. The structure is unchanged, but the text has been clarified and the notation brought into line with current practice. A large number of 'Additional Results' are included at the end of each chapter, thereby covering most of the major advances in the last twenty years. Professor Biggs' basic aim remains to express properties of graphs in algebraic terms, then to deduce theorems about them. In the first part, he tackles the applications of linear algebra and matrix theory to the study of graphs; algebraic constructions such as adjacency matrix and the incidence matrix and their applications are discussed in depth. There follows an extensive account of the theory of chromatic polynomials, a subject which has strong links with the 'interaction models' studied in theoretical physics, and the theory of knots. The last part deals with symmetry and regularity properties. Here there are important connections with other branches of algebraic combinatorics and group theory. This new and enlarged edition this will be essential reading for a wide range of mathematicians, computer scientists and theoretical physicists.

This work provides a lucid and rigorous account of the foundations of algebraic geometry. The authors have confined themselves to fundamental concepts and geometrical methods, and do not give detailed developments of geometrical properties but geometrical meaning has been emphasised throughout. Here in this volume, the authors have again confined their attention to varieties defined on a ground field without characteristic. In order to familiarize the reader with the different techniques available to algebraic geometers, they have not confined themselves to one method and on occasion have deliberately used more advanced methods where elementary ones would serve, when by so doing it has been possible to illustrate the power of the more advanced techniques, such as valuation theory. The other two volumes of Hodge and Pedoe's classic work are also available. Together, these books give an insight into algebraic geometry that is unique and unsurpassed.

This work provides a lucid and rigorous account of the foundations of modern algebraic geometry. The authors have confined themselves to fundamental concepts and geometrical methods, and do not give detailed developments of geometrical properties, but geometrical meaning has been emphasised throughout. This first volume is divided into two parts. The first is devoted to pure algebra; the basic notions, the theory of matrices over a non-commutative ground field and a study of algebraic equations. The second part is concerned with the definitions and basic properties of projective space in n dimensions. It concludes with a purely algebraic account of collineations and correlations. The other two volumes of Hodge and Pedoe's classic work are also available. Together, these books give an insight into algebraic geometry that is unique and unsurpassed.

This work provides a lucid and rigorous account of the foundations of modern algebraic geometry. The authors have confined themselves to fundamental concepts and geometrical methods, and do not give detailed developments of geometrical properties but geometrical meaning has been emphasised throughout. Volume 2 gives an account of the principal methods used in developing a theory of algebraic varieties in spaces of n dimensions. Applications of these methods are also given to some of the more important varieties which occur in projective geometry. The ground field is without characteristic. Since geometry over any field without characteristic conforms to the general pattern of geometry over the field of complex numbers, a sound algebraic basis for classical geometry is provided. The other two volumes of Hodge and Pedoe's classic work are also available. Together, these books give an insight into algebraic geometry that is unique and unsurpassed.

The late Professor G. N. Watson wrote his monumental 1995 treatise on the theory of Bessel functions with two objects in view. The first was the development of applications of the fundamental processes of the theory of complex variables; and the second was the compilation of a collection of results of value to mathematicians and physicists, who encounter Bessel functions in the course of their researches. The completeness of his theoretical account, combined with the wide scope of the practical examples and the extensive numerical tables, have resulted in a book which is indispensable to pure and applied mathematicians, as well as to physicists.

Classical algebraic geometry, inseparably connected with the names of Abel, Riemann, Weierstrass, Poincaré, Clebsch, Jacobi and other outstanding mathematicians of the last century, was mainly an analytical theory. In our century it has been enriched by the methods and ideas of topology, commutative algebra and Grothendieck's schemes seemed to have replaced once and forever the somewhat naive language of classical algebraic geometry. This book contains more than its modest title suggests. Written in 1897, its scope was as broad as it could possibly be, namely to cover the whole of algebraic geometry, and associated theories. The subject is discussed by Baker in terms of transcendental functions, and in particular theta functions. Many of the ideas put forward are of continuing relevance today, and some of the most exciting ideas from theoretical physics draw on work presented here.

The classic analysis textbook from Burkill and Burkill, now available in the Cambridge Mathematical Library. This straightforward course, based on the idea of a limit, is intended for students of mathematics and physics who have acquired a working knowledge of the calculus and are ready for a more systematic treatment. The treatment given here also brings in other limiting processes, such as the summation of infinite series and the expansion of trigonometric functions as power series. Particular attention is given to clarity of exposition and the logical development of the subject matter. This, combined with the large number of examples included, ensure that this book will appeal to students of analysis.

Now available in the Cambridge Mathematical Library, the classic work from Luis Santaló. Integral geometry originated with problems on geometrical probability and convex bodies. Its later developments, however, have proved to be useful in several fields ranging from pure mathematics (measure theory, continuous groups) to technical and applied disciplines (pattern recognition, stereology). The book is a systematic exposition of the theory and a compilation of the main results in the field. The volume can be used to complement courses on differential geometry, Lie groups or probability or differential geometry. It is ideal both as a reference and for those wishing to enter the field.

Hydrodynamic stability is of fundamental importance in fluid mechanics and is concerned with the problem of transition from laminar to turbulent flow. Drazin and Reid emphasise throughout the ideas involved, the physical mechanisms, the methods used, and the results obtained, and, wherever possible, relate the theory to both experimental and numerical results. A distinctive feature of the book is the large number of problems it contains. These problems not only provide exercises for students but also provide many additional results in a concise form. This new edition of this celebrated introduction differs principally by the inclusion of detailed solutions for those exercises, and by the addition of a Foreword by Professor J. W. Miles.

Reissued in the Cambridge Mathematical Library this classic book outlines the theory of thermodynamic formalism which was developed to describe the properties of certain physical systems consisting of a large number of subunits. It is aimed at mathematicians interested in ergodic theory, topological dynamics, constructive quantum field theory, the study of certain differentiable dynamical systems, notably Anosov diffeomorphisms and flows. It is also of interest to theoretical physicists concerned with the conceptual basis of equilibrium statistical mechanics. The level of the presentation is generally advanced, the objective being to provide an efficient research tool and a text for use in graduate teaching. Background material on mathematics has been collected in appendices to help the reader. Extra material is given in the form of updates of problems that were open at the original time of writing and as a new preface specially written for this new edition by the author.

The invention of ideals by Dedekind in the 1870s was well ahead of its time, and proved to be the genesis of what today we would call algebraic number theory. His memoir 'Sur la Theorie des Nombres Entiers Algebriques' first appeared in instalments in the 'Bulletin des sciences mathematiques' in 1877. This is a translation of that work by John Stillwell, who also adds a detailed introduction that gives the historical background as well as outlining the mathematical obstructions that Dedekind was striving to overcome. Dedekind's memoir gives a candid account of his development of an elegant theory as well as providing blow-by-blow comments as he wrestled with the many difficulties encountered en route. A must for all number theorists.

Combinatorics on words, or finite sequences, is a field which grew simultaneously within disparate branches of mathematics such as group theory and probability. It has grown into an independent theory finding substantial applications in computer science automata theory and linguistics. This volume is the first to attempt to present a thorough treatment of this theory. All of the main results and techniques are covered. The presentation is accessible to undergraduate and graduate level students in mathematics and computer science as well as to specialists in all branches of applied mathematics. Topics discussed include: Thue's square free words, Van der Waerden's theorem, Ramsey's theorem; factorization of free monoids including application to free Lie algebras; equations in words, etc.

Harold Davenport was one of the truly great mathematicians of the twentieth century. Based on lectures he gave at the University of Michigan in the early 1960s, this book is concerned with the use of analytic methods in the study of integer solutions to Diophantine equations and Diophantine inequalities. It provides an excellent introduction to a timeless area of number theory that is still as widely researched today as it was when the book originally appeared. The three main themes of the book are Waring's problem and the representation of integers by diagonal forms, the solubility in integers of systems of forms in many variables, and the solubility in integers of diagonal inequalities. For the second edition of the book a comprehensive foreword has been added in which three prominent authorities describe the modern context and recent developments. A thorough bibliography has also been added.

When it was first published this was the first general account of Hausdorff measures, a subject that has important applications in many fields of mathematics. There are three chapters: the first contains an introduction to measure theory, paying particular attention to the study of non-s-finite measures. The second develops the most general aspects of the theory of Hausdorff measures, and the third gives a general survey of applications of Hausdorff measures followed by detailed accounts of two special applications. This edition has a foreword by Kenneth Falconer outlining the developments in measure theory since this book first appeared. Based on lectures given by the author at University College London, this book is ideal for graduate mathematicians with no previous knowledge of the subject, but experts in the field will also want a copy for their shelves.

The great three-volume Principia Mathematica is deservedly the most famous work ever written on the foundations of mathematics. Its aim is to deduce all the fundamental propositions of logic and mathematics from a small number of logical premisses and primitive ideas, and so to prove that mathematics is a development of logic. This abridged text of Volume I contains the material that is most relevant to an introductory study of logic and the philosophy of mathematics (more advanced students will wish to refer to the complete edition). It contains the whole of the preliminary sections (which present the authors' justification of the philosophical standpoint adopted at the outset of their work); the whole of Part 1 (in which the logical properties of propositions, propositional functions, classes and relations are established); section 6 of Part 2 (dealing with unit classes and couples); and Appendices A and B (which give further developments of the argument on the theory of deduction and truth functions).

Originally published by Cambridge University Press in 1900, A Treatise on the Theory of Screws is the definitive reference on screw theory. It gives a very complete geometrical treatment of the problems of small movements in rigid dynamics. In recent years the theory of screws has emerged as a novel mathematical resource for addressing complex engineering problems, with important applications to robotics, multibody dynamics, mechanical design, computational kinematics, and hybrid automatic control. The author, Sir Robert Stawell Ball, was born in Dublin in 1840 and studied at Trinity College, Dublin. When the Royal College of Science was founded in Dublin in 1867, Ball became the first professor of applied mathematics and mechanism. In 1874 he was appointed Royal Astronomer of Ireland, and in 1892 he assumed the Lowndean Chair of Astronomy and Geometry and the Directorship of the University Observatory at Cambridge, where he remained until his death in 1913.

First published in 1967, Professor Batchelor's classic text on fluid dynamics is still one of the foremost texts in the subject. The careful presentation of the underlying theories of fluids is still timely and applicable, even in these days of almost limitless computer power. This re-issue should ensure that a new generation of graduate students see the elegance of Professor Batchelor's presentation.

This well-known text and reference contains an account of those parts of mathematics that are most frequently needed in physics. As a working rule, it includes methods which have applications in at least two branches of physics. The authors have aimed at a high standard of rigour and have not accepted the often-quoted opinion that 'any argument is good enough if it is intended to be used by scientists'. At the same time, they have not attempted to achieve greater generality than is required for the physical applications: this often leads to considerable simplification of the mathematics. Particular attention is also paid to the conditions under which theorems hold. Examples of the practical use of the methods developed are given in the text: these are taken from a wide range of physics, including dynamics, hydrodynamics, elasticity, electromagnetism, heat conduction, wave motion and quantum theory. Exercises accompany each chapter.