Emerald Studies in Teacher Preparation in National and Global Contexts – Serie

Fifty years ago, in 1967, free education was introduced in Ireland for attendance at second-level schools and great expansion of provision of education at both this and third-level followed. Currently, great interest is developing in this landmark development in Irish history, which was probably the most significant initiative taken in regard to education in Ireland from Independence from Britain in 1922 to the present.This book contributes to the interest generated by this landmark anniversary by tracing the history of teacher preparation in Ireland. It relates to the introduction to the ‘free education’ education scheme introduced in 1967, in that it provides an exposition on the nature of teacher preparation for teaching in primary and second-level schools both before and after the initiative was taken. Thus, it traces the history of teacher preparation through a number of stages; from education for nation-building in the new post-colonial society to partaking in the recent neo-liberal agenda sweeping through education systems throughout the world.This book should be of interest not only to Irish educationists, historians and policy makers, but also to their counterparts internationally, as well as to comparative educationists. It can be seen as providing an exposition which can be used by teacher educators in many parts of the world which they can use to sharpen their perceptions of their own situations through comparison and contrast, provoke ideas for critical discussion, and stimulate them to come to an understanding of the importance of considering contemporary developments within their wider historical contexts.

South Africa's transition to democracy has seen massive changes in the field of teacher education aimed at integrating its previously raced and gendered character. This book provides a comprehensive historical overview and relational understanding of the patterns of teacher preparation supporting South Africa's unequal formal education system. It shows how emerging patterns, policies and pedagogies were deeply entangled with the country's position within a broader international and colonial order as well as with dominant national political and economic social frameworks. Using rich archival and oral evidence, this book illuminates how successive policies restricted and enabled access to different institutions, while differentiated curricula prepared teachers to teach students intended to play different roles in a society marked by class, race and gender division. It explores the location and control of teacher provision for black and white teachers provided by mission societies and the state in colleges and universities. Post-apartheid governments sought to reverse entrenched racial legacies in education through closure of the colleges and incorporation of teacher preparation into universities, altered admission criteria and new curricula. These have resulted in new tensions which have arisen in relation to a world of competing pressures on universities and teachers. By shedding new light on these tensions from a historical perspective, this book will prove an invaluable resource for education leaders and researchers in the field of global and comparative education.

Teacher policy and practice in Australia has evolved substantially from the development of the first colony in 1788 to the present. This book traces the history of teacher preparation through five inter-related phases; the unregulated phase, the apprenticeship phase, the ascendancy of the Teachers Colleges, the ascendancy of the Colleges of Advanced Education, and the university dominated phase from 1989 to the present day.  While the focus is primarily on preparation to teach in primary and secondary schools, this important text also sheds light on teacher preparation for vocational education and at kindergarten level. The rich historical overview explores both the state and private sector together with that of the Christian Churches. Furthermore, research is not merely restricted just to initial teacher preparation; continuing professional development is also considered.With its comparative outlook, this book will prove an invaluable resource for not only Australian educational leaders, historians and policy makers, but also their counterparts internationally. The authors provide an exposition which will be used by teacher educators in many parts of the world to sharpen their perceptions of their own situations through comparison and contrast, to provoke ideas for critical discussion, and to stimulate them to come to an understanding of the importance of considering contemporary developments within their wider historical contexts.

This book offers an exposition of the history of teacher preparation in Aotearoa New Zealand, from the outset through current and future trends. Beginning with an overview of the historical context of New Zealand schooling, and the development of local forms of schools, established in the early 19th century, this book highlights the importance new settlers placed on education. Featured also is the significance of the Native School system in the story of teacher preparation in New Zealand, the complexities initially experienced in staffing Native Schools, and the way in which these schools served to reinforce the colonial agenda. Throughout, this work uncovers the major role of teacher training colleges in the development and preparation of teachers for a range of schools. The authors examine the initial struggle to survive, the expansion and growth, and finally amalgamation or closure of these institutions. The tussle for responsibility and control of these colleges as long-standing contributors to the preparation of teachers is also addressed. Regulatory changes, policy debates and critical analysis of future trends in relation to the preparation of teachers and the themes that shift and change and rupture at particular historical moments are not unique and are explored throughout.

The formation of Northern Ireland marked a sharp divergence in policy that had developed throughout the whole of Ireland in the preceding century. Local communal interests helped to drive and shape a unique model of teacher preparation. Teacher Preparation in Northern Ireland examines teacher education across the first century of Northern Ireland’s existence and contextualises this within an account of teacher preparation in pre-partition Ireland. This timely book also looks at the more recent history of the region, with a focus on how infrastructural arrangements have continued to reflect wider divisions in Northern Irish society, whilst also considering how these divisions have been counterbalanced by efforts to bridge the rifts through greater cooperation around both policy and practice. By looking at contemporary developments within the wider historical context, this book will not only be an invaluable text for educationalists, historians and policy makers in Northern Ireland, but also to counterparts internationally and comparative educationalists.

The expectations of the Catholic Church and the demands of the state are a precarious balancing act that have been apparent throughout the history of Catholic education. It is a relationship that is under scrutiny, even in the contemporary context.  Drawing on the works and lives of key figures in the history of teacher preparation in Catholic education internationally, this important text illuminates the contributions they made and the challenges they faced. In providing this rich historical synthesis, the authors invite further reflection on the most appropriate methods of teacher preparation for contemporary Catholic schools and on possible contributions to wider teacher preparation from cogitating the history of the Catholic tradition. This book addresses teacher preparation for Catholic schools at both the 'pre-service' and 'in-service' levels by looking at the Church and its relationship with the state. The former will allow opportunities for a deep study of the role of 'faith' in Teacher Preparation, while the latter focuses on how a distinctive faith-based model of education can be in dialogue with the expectations of civil society. By using this multi-layered framework, the book offers exciting and innovative opportunities to inform contemporary practice from international examples, proving an invaluable text for researchers in the fields of comparative education, theology and the sociology of religion.

This historical narrative focuses on the emergence of teacher education in Zambia. Providing archival material, diverse interpretations, local voices through interview and email, it engages the reader in a complex recipe of viewpoints. It rehearses how teacher education developed from a form of apprenticeship in remote villages to the more centralized 'normal school' in colonial times through to colleges with nationwide catchment and more recently to university accreditation. Schooling as an avenue to social mobility and nation building, the challenges of student centred-learning and the development of teachers as professionals are central themes throughout the text. Also analysed is the nature of education offered at different times and how the teacher and his/her education reflect this, arguing the need for a fundamentally new philosophy of education and a mode of teacher formation in line with it. This book will be an invaluable tool for undergraduate and postgraduate education students, researchers, and practitioners alike, both within and beyond the Zambian and African contexts. It provides rich historical data from which policy makers, historians, and teaching professionals can explore the re-conceptualisation of the role of the teacher as professional rather than as civil servant. Designed to stimulate critical discussion so as to enhance understanding of what effective teaching and teacher education entail and framed by long-term first-hand experience of teacher education in Zambia.

Over the last two decades, the range of curricular offerings in Singapore has diversified almost beyond the ability of teacher preparation systems to cope. Teacher training has evolved from informal to formal, and from multiple 'providers' to a single institution responsible for pre-service teacher education.Teacher Preparation in Singapore is a non-celebratory and non-institution-based account of teacher preparation written with a critical academic lens. Contributing to the historiography of Singapore, as well as to the general history of teacher education, this book discusses the history of teacher preparation in Singapore from the colonial era, when Singapore was the centre of British Malaya, to the present day. It includes the pre-professional era of an informal approach to teacher education before the establishment of formal teacher training, the role of the colonial state and post-colonial state in the provision of teacher education, and issues such as policy borrowing, diffusion of educational philosophies, and developments paralleling those in the United Kingdom and elsewhere.This is a relevant and important book for researchers of education history, comparative and international education, and teacher education in Singapore.

Teacher education history in Chile can be traced back to its first institutions in the nineteenth century. From secondary-level origins, to its current university-based status, this book highlights the intermingling of policy with structural and process definitions of teacher education throughout Chilean history, up until recent market policies, to offer a comprehensive account of educational development in Chile. The authors investigate the complex role played by governments in supporting teacher education, strengthening programme quality, in constructing policies around institutional development and accountability, and in controlling educational development through standards and external evaluations. Beyond these broad themes, the book focuses on interesting periods and issues surrounding teacher education development throughout Chilean history. It recalls the early twentieth century emergence of a strong professional teacher movement, and dedicates a specific chapter to the role of women in teacher education. The authors also offer insight into the role of inclusive preparation, and the limited options for indigenous people in this respect. This book will be valuable to researchers and professionals interested in comparative teacher education issues and policy developments.

Starting in New England with informal training, academies, seminaries, institutes, and the birth of the state normal schools, Kelly Kolodny and Mary-Lou Breitborde explore the origins of teacher preparation in the United States as these models expanded geographically, in substance and form, throughout the South and West. The authors chart how specific historical periods have influenced teacher preparation in the U.S., including Western expansion, industrialization, the Civil War, Reconstruction and retrenchment, the Progressive Era and the mid-to-late twentieth century, which was marked by the space race, the growth of STEM education, racial unrest, the peace movement, immigration and tensions around social inequities. The discussion of teacher preparation in history links contextual issues and themes in each period (e.g., race, the place of women in society, the nation’s place in the world) to purposes, policies and practices in the formal preparation of teachers. The authors discuss contemporary issues shaping teacher preparation in the United States and propose recommendations for policy changes. Among their recommendations are the need to diversify the teacher workforce, the commitment to develop strong connections with families and communities, curricula that emphasize teaching for deep understanding, antiracist teacher education and culturally sustaining pedagogy, increased attention to social-emotional learning, the innovative use of new technologies, and the preparation of teachers with a global consciousness.

There is a great interest around the world in how teachers are prepared, the content of their education and training programmes, measurements of their effectiveness, and the role of the ‘good’ teacher in society. While many of the issues are common across different national contexts, the direction of policy and how it is enacted varies considerably. There is therefore a need to understand how current situations have developed historically.In Historical Development of Teacher Education in Finland, Välimaa offers a critical reading of secondary sources and existing research literature to chronically analyse the development of Finnish teacher training. Much of this development has depended on the political history of Finland. The analysis offers an exploration of the founding of teacher education and training in the 1860s, through Finland’s independence following the First World War and Civil War, after which the development of schooling was seen as vital for the unity of the nation. The book continues to chart the development of teacher preparation through the twentieth century, including the severe economic downturn of the 1990s which challenged norms of teacher education in the country.An important historical synthesis that tells us as much about the future of teacher preparation, and education’s role in society, as it does about how we got here, Historical Development of Teacher Education in Finland will be crucial reading for historians of education, current teacher educators, and students and researchers interested in the development of teacher education globally.

Presenting a comprehensive examination of the historical origins and development of schooling and teacher preparation in Papua New Guinea (PNG), the authors explore the unique education history of PNG – starting from indigenous education in villages, the influence of European colonization and the role of missionaries in providing education, and the implications for education policies and practices.Employing a thematic approach, the introduction provides an overview of the historical and cultural background of schooling and teacher preparation in PNG. Dedicated chapters then delve into specific historical periods, including the stage of conversion (1873-1945), the stage of gradualism (1946-1958), a growing nationalism (1959-1975), general education developments (1975-1992), teacher education developments (1975-1992), and developments to the present. Examining the education landscape during the respective period, highlighting key events, policies, and changes in teacher preparation, O’Donoghue and Mortimer utilise archival evidence, policy analysis, and historical narratives to present a comprehensive account of teacher education in PNG.Teacher Preparation in Papua New Guinea places the historical analysis within a global context, drawing parallels between PNG's experiences and those of other colonial and post-colonial societies.

Teacher Preparation in Taiwan offers an analytically rich account of how teacher education has been shaped through the transnational circulation of ideas, institutions, and modes of governance.Taiwan represents both a geographically understudied and a national context in which to examine the historical origins and contemporary dynamics of teacher preparation and education policy. The book demonstrates that Taiwan’s teacher education system has been constituted through sustained engagements with imperial, national, and global forces rather than developing in isolation.Drawing on archival and policy analysis, the chapters trace the evolution of teacher preparation from early missionary schooling and Japanese colonial normal education, through Kuomintang authoritarian rule and post-democratisation reform, to contemporary developments shaped by globally circulating agendas such as social-emotional learning and alternative pathways into teaching. Across these periods, teacher education emerges as a critical site through which political authority, professional norms, and educational purposes are negotiated and reconfigured.Addressing the gap in English-language literature on the topic, this comprehensive study contributes valuable insights for educators, policymakers, and researchers in the field of teacher education, both within Taiwan and internationally.

Teacher Preparation in China offers a comprehensive overview of the history of Chinese teacher preparation and curriculum reform. The authors identify connections between past and present teacher preparation and discuss future directions of China as a growing education powerhouse.Providing an overview of the history of Chinese teacher preparation spanning a millennium, the authors begin with an introduction for a non-Mandarin Readership to Chinese education history and teacher preparation practices beginning at the era of Confucius (551-479 BC) emphasising the stability of Confucian ideology over centuries and how education of the elite underpinned Chinese social values. The remaining chapters convey the dramatic changes China experienced as a result of its 19th century interaction with Western powers and the Nationalist Revolution which democratised China and modernised education in China prior to World War Two. The modern history of China since the 1949 Communist Revolution is also explored by focusing on the realities of teacher preparation during each Chairmanship of the Chinese Communist Party’s leadership from Mao Zedong to Xi Jinping. Appealing to historians, futurists, teachers and teacher educators who are curious about being a teacher in the world’s most populous nation, the chapters provide an insight into previously hidden knowledge about China’s curriculum and pedagogy, linking ancient Confucian legacies to the radical reforms of various Communist leaders, whilst seeking to understand where education and power are going to lead in the coming decades.

This book charts the origins and development of teacher preparation in Scotland from 1872 onwards, covering key milestones in policy and practice, and looking ahead to the future.Rachel Shanks, in this edited collection, brings together a narrative of the drivers influencing teacher preparation in Scotland across the nineteenth, twentieth and twenty-first centuries, answering fundamental questions: How has the role of universities in teacher preparation and the acceptance of education as an academic discipline changed over time? What have been the impact of policy changes such as Curriculum for Excellence and the Donaldson Report 'Teaching Scotland's Future'? What role does partnership-working play in the preparation of teachers in Scotland?The book includes contributions on the historical development of teacher preparation and the current pathways into teaching which include undergraduate degrees, the one year Professional Graduate Diploma in Education, Online and Distance Learning and Masters routes. There are individual chapters on the topics of school placement, teacher induction, Catholic teacher preparation, the Episcopal Teaching Training College, and the preparation of English language teachers. Concluding with suggestions on how teacher preparation may develop in the future, this book is a truly comprehensive record of the historic, current and potential evolution of teacher preparation in Scotland.

Exploring the rich history of teacher education in France, this comprehensive volume spans centuries of educational transformation, meticulously tracing the journey from informal training methods to the modern, state-regulated system that shapes today's teaching profession.Structured both chronologically and thematically, Teacher Preparation in France offers an in-depth exploration of key historical periods and pivotal reforms. From examining the early influence of the Catholic Church and the establishment of state-run institutions during the Third Republic to delving into secondary teacher preparation, highlighting the tension between classical education and pedagogical training, and the rise of prestigious institutions like the École Normale Supérieure, Elliott and Lecuit explore the dynamic interplay between tradition and innovation in French teacher education.Inspired by the need to clarify French teacher education for international colleagues, Teacher Preparation in France combines extensive research with firsthand insights from educators. It offers a nuanced understanding of the complexities and controversies that have shaped teacher preparation in France, providing valuable lessons for educational debates worldwide.