Encyclopaedia of Mathematical Sciences – serie
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169 produkter
169 produkter
Del 141 - Encyclopaedia of Mathematical Sciences
Graphs on Surfaces and Their Applications
Inbunden, Engelska, 2003
2 125 kr
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Graphs drawn on two-dimensional surfaces have always attracted researchers by their beauty and by the variety of difficult questions to which they give rise. The theory of such embedded graphs, which long seemed rather isolated, has witnessed the appearance of entirely unexpected new applications in recent decades, ranging from Galois theory to quantum gravity models, and has become a kind of a focus of a vast field of research. The book provides an accessible introduction to this new domain, including such topics as coverings of Riemann surfaces, the Galois group action on embedded graphs (Grothendieck's theory of "dessins d'enfants"), the matrix integral method, moduli spaces of curves, the topology of meromorphic functions, and combinatorial aspects of Vassiliev's knot invariants and, in an appendix by Don Zagier, the use of finite group representation theory. The presentation is concrete throughout, with numerous figures, examples (including computer calculations) and exercises, and should appeal to both graduate students and researchers.
1 066 kr
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Most probability problems involve random variables indexed by space and/or time. These problems almost always have a version in which space and/or time are taken to be discrete. This volume deals with areas in which the discrete version is more natural than the continuous one, perhaps even the only one than can be formulated without complicated constructions and machinery. The 5 papers of this volume discuss problems in which there has been significant progress in the last few years; they are motivated by, or have been developed in parallel with, statistical physics. They include questions about asymptotic shape for stochastic growth models and for random clusters; existence, location and properties of phase transitions; speed of convergence to equilibrium in Markov chains, and in particular for Markov chains based on models with a phase transition; cut-off phenomena for random walks. The articles can be read independently of each other. Their unifying theme is that of models built on discrete spaces or graphs. Such models are often easy to formulate. Correspondingly, the book requires comparatively little previous knowledge of the machinery of probability.
Del 1 - Encyclopaedia of Mathematical Sciences
Dynamical Systems I
Ordinary Differential Equations and Smooth Dynamical Systems
Inbunden, Engelska, 1988
1 066 kr
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From the reviews: "The reading is very easy and pleasant for the non-mathematician, which is really noteworthy. The two chapters enunciate the basic principles of the field, ... indicate connections with other fields of mathematics and sketch the motivation behind the various concepts which are introduced.... What is particularly pleasant is the fact that the authors are quite successful in giving to the reader the feeling behind the demonstrations which are sketched. Another point to notice is the existence of an annotated extended bibliography and a very complete index. This really enhances the value of this book and puts it at the level of a particularly interesting reference tool. I thus strongly recommend to buy this very interesting and stimulating book." Journal de Physique
1 066 kr
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Introduction In the present essay, we attempt to convey some idea of the skeleton of topology, and of various topological concepts. It must be said at once that, apart from the necessary minimum, the subject-matter of this survey does not indude that subdiscipline known as "general topology" - the theory of general spaces and maps considered in the context of set theory and general category theory. (Doubtless this subject will be surveyed in detail by others. ) With this qualification, it may be daimed that the "topology" dealt with in the present survey is that mathematieal subject whieh in the late 19th century was called Analysis Situs, and at various later periods separated out into various subdisciplines: "Combinatorial topology", "Algebraic topology", "Differential (or smooth) topology", "Homotopy theory", "Geometrie topology". With the growth, over a long period of time, in applications of topology to other areas of mathematics, the following further subdisciplines crystallizedout: the global calculus of variations, global geometry, the topology of Lie groups and homogeneous spaces, the topology of complex manifolds and alge braic varieties, the qualitative (topologieal) theory of dynamical systems and foliations, the topology of elliptic and hyperbolic partial differential equations. Finally, in the 1970s and 80s, a whole complex of applications of topologie al methods was made to problems of modern physiesj in fact in several instances it would have been impossible to understand the essence of the real physical phenomena in question without the aid of concepts from topology.
Del 5 - Encyclopaedia of Mathematical Sciences
Dynamical Systems V
Bifurcation Theory and Catastrophe Theory
Inbunden, Engelska, 1994
1 066 kr
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Bifurcation theory and catastrophe theory are two of the best known areas within the field of dynamical systems. Both are studies of smooth systems, focusing on properties that seem to be manifestly non-smooth. Bifurcation theory is concerned with the sudden changes that occur in a system when one or more parameters are varied. Examples of such are familiar to students of differential equations, from phase portraits. Moreover, understanding the bifurcations of the differential equations that describe real physical systems provides important information about the behavior of the systems. Catastrophe theory became quite famous during the 1970's, mostly because of the sensation caused by the usually less than rigorous applications of its principal ideas to "hot topics", such as the characterization of personalities and the difference between a "genius" and a "maniac". Catastrophe theory is accurately described as singularity theory and its (genuine) applications. The authors have given a masterly exposition of these two theories, with penetrating insight.
Several Complex Variables
Function Theory in Classical Domains Complex Potential Theory
Inbunden, Engelska, 1994
854 kr
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This volume of the Encyclopaedia contains four parts each ofwhich being an informative survey of a topic in the field ofseveral complex variables. Thefirst deals with residuetheory and its applications to integrals depending onparameters, combinatorial sums and systems of algebraicequations. The second part contains recent results incomplex potential theory and the third part treats functiontheory in the unit ball covering research of the last twentyyears. The latter part includes an up-to-date account ofresearch related to a list of problems, which was publishedby Rudin in 1980. The last part of the book treats complex analysis in thefuturetube. The future tube is an important concept inmathematical physics, especially in axiomatic quantum fieldtheory, and it is related to Penrose'swork on "the complexgeometry of the real world". Researchers and graduate students in complex analysis andmathematical physics will use thisbook as a reference andas a guide to exciting areas of research.
Del 16 - Encyclopaedia of Mathematical Sciences
Dynamical Systems VII
Integrable Systems Nonholonomic Dynamical Systems
Inbunden, Engelska, 1993
1 066 kr
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A collection of five surveys on dynamical systems, indispensable for graduate students and researchers in mathematics and theoretical physics. Written in the modern language of differential geometry, the book covers all the new differential geometric and Lie-algebraic methods currently used in the theory of integrable systems.
Del 15 - Encyclopaedia of Mathematical Sciences
Commutative Harmonic Analysis I
General Survey. Classical Aspects
Inbunden, Engelska, 1991
1 066 kr
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This is the first volume in the subseries Commutative Harmonic Analysis of the EMS. It is intended for anyone who wants to get acquainted with the discipline. The first article is a large introduction, also serving as a guide to the rest of the volume. Starting from Fourier analysis of periodic function, then going through the Fourier transform and distributions, the exposition leads the reader to the group theoretic point of view. Numer- rous examples illustrate the connections to differential and integral equations, approximation theory, number theory, probability theory and physics. The article also contains a brief historical essay on the development of Fourier analysis. The second article focuses on some of the classical problems of Fourier series; it's a "mini-Zygmund" for the beginner. In particular, the convergence and summability of Fourier series, translation invariant operators and theorems on Fourier coefficients are given special attention. The third article is the most modern of the three, concentrating on the theory of singular integral operators. The simplest such operator, the Hilbert transform, is covered in detail.There is also a thorough introduction to Calderon-Zygmund theory.
Del 20 - Encyclopaedia of Mathematical Sciences
Lie Groups and Lie Algebras I
Foundations of Lie Theory Lie Transformation Groups
Inbunden, Engelska, 1993
1 066 kr
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The book by Gorbatsevich, Onishchik and Vinberg is the firstin a series of volumes devoted to the theory of Lie groupsand Lie algebras.The first part of the book deals with the foundations of thetheory based on the classical global approach of Chevalleyfollowed by an exposition of the alternative approach viathe universal algebra and the Campbell-Hausdorff formula. Italso contains a survey of certain generalizations of Liegroups.The second more advanced part treats the topic of Lietransformation groups covering e.g. properties of orbits andstabilizers, homogeneous fibre bundles, Frobenius duality,groups ofautomorphisms of geometric structures, Liealgebras of vector fields and theexistence of slices. Thework of the last decades including the most recentresearch results is covered.The book contains numerous examples and describesconnections with topology, differential geometry, analysisand applications. It will be of great interest to graduatestudents and researchers in mathematics and theoreticalphysics.
Representation Theory and Noncommutative Harmonic Analysis I
Fundamental Concepts. Representations of Virasoro and Affine Algebras
Inbunden, Engelska, 1994
1 066 kr
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Part I of this book is a short review of the classical part of representation theory. The main chapters of representation theory are discussed: representations of finite and compact groups, finite- and infinite-dimensional representations of Lie groups. It is a typical feature of this survey that the structure of the theory is carefully exposed - the reader can easily see the essence of the theory without being overwhelmed by details. The final chapter is devoted to the method of orbits for different types of groups. Part II deals with representation of Virasoro and Kac-Moody algebra. The second part of the book deals with representations of Virasoro and Kac-Moody algebra. The wealth of recent results on representations of infinite-dimensional groups is presented.
Introduction to Modern Number Theory
Fundamental Problems, Ideas and Theories
Inbunden, Engelska, 2005
1 807 kr
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Introduction to Modern Number Theory surveys from a unified point of view both the modern state and the trends of continuing development of various branches of number theory. Motivated by elementary problems, the central ideas of modern theories are exposed. Some topics covered include non-Abelian generalizations of class field theory, recursive computability and Diophantine equations, zeta- and L-functions. This substantially revised and expanded new edition contains several new sections, such as Wiles' proof of Fermat's Last Theorem, and relevant techniques coming from a synthesis of various theories. Moreover, the authors have added a part dedicated to arithmetical cohomology and noncommutative geometry, a report on point counts on varieties with many rational points, the recent polynomial time algorithm for primality testing, and some others subjects.
Del 132 - Encyclopaedia of Mathematical Sciences
Algebraic Transformation Groups and Algebraic Varieties
Proceedings of the conference Interesting Algebraic Varieties Arising in Algebraic Transformation Group Theory held at the Erwin Schrödinger Institute, Vienna, October 22–26, 2001
Inbunden, Engelska, 2004
1 066 kr
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The book covers topics in the theory of algebraic transformation groups and algebraic varieties which are very much at the frontier of mathematical research.
Del 87 - Encyclopaedia of Mathematical Sciences
Control Theory from the Geometric Viewpoint
Inbunden, Engelska, 2004
1 701 kr
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This book presents some facts and methods of Mathematical Control Theory treated from the geometric viewpoint. It is devoted to finite-dimensional deterministic control systems governed by smooth ordinary differential equations. The problems of controllability, state and feedback equivalence, and optimal control are studied. Some of the topics treated by the authors are covered in monographic or textbook literature for the first time while others are presented in a more general and flexible setting than elsewhere. Although being fundamentally written for mathematicians, the authors make an attempt to reach both the practitioner and the theoretician by blending the theory with applications. They maintain a good balance between the mathematical integrity of the text and the conceptual simplicity that might be required by engineers. It can be used as a text for graduate courses and will become most valuable as a reference work for graduate students and researchers.
1 384 kr
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Surfaces in 4-Space, written by leading specialists in the field, discusses knotted surfaces in 4-dimensional space and surveys many of the known results in the area. Results on knotted surface diagrams, constructions of knotted surfaces, classically defined invariants, and new invariants defined via quandle homology theory are presented. The last chapter comprises many recent results, and techniques for computation are presented. New tables of quandles with a few elements and the homology groups thereof are included.This book contains many new illustrations of knotted surface diagrams. The reader of the book will become intimately aware of the subtleties in going from the classical case of knotted circles in 3-space to this higher dimensional case.As a survey, the book is a guide book to the extensive literature on knotted surfaces and will become a useful reference for graduate students and researchers in mathematics and physics.
Dynamics Beyond Uniform Hyperbolicity
A Global Geometric and Probabilistic Perspective
Inbunden, Engelska, 2004
1 807 kr
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The notion of uniform hyperbolicity, introduced by Steve Smale in the early sixties, unified important developments and led to a remarkably successful theory for a large class of systems: uniformly hyperbolic systems often exhibit complicated evolution which, nevertheless, is now rather well understood, both geometrically and statistically.Another revolution has been taking place in the last couple of decades, as one tries to build a global theory for "most" dynamical systems, recovering as much as possible of the conclusions of the uniformly hyperbolic case, in great generality. This book aims to put such recent developments in a unified perspective, and to point out open problems and likely directions for further progress. It is aimed at researchers, both young and senior, willing to get a quick, yet broad, view of this part of dynamics. Main ideas, methods, and results are discussed, at variable degrees of depth, with references to the original works for details and complementary information.
Del 133 - Encyclopaedia of Mathematical Sciences
Projective Duality and Homogeneous Spaces
Inbunden, Engelska, 2004
1 490 kr
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Projective duality is a very classical notion naturally arising in various areas of mathematics, such as algebraic and differential geometry, combinatorics, topology, analytical mechanics, and invariant theory, and the results in this field were until now scattered across the literature. Thus the appearance of a book specifically devoted to projective duality is a long-awaited and welcome event. Projective Duality and Homogeneous Spaces covers a vast and diverse range of topics in the field of dual varieties, ranging from differential geometry to Mori theory and from topology to the theory of algebras. It gives a very readable and thorough account and the presentation of the material is clear and convincing. For the most part of the book the only prerequisites are basic algebra and algebraic geometry. This book will be of great interest to graduate and postgraduate students as well as professional mathematicians working in algebra, geometry and analysis.
1 066 kr
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This solid volume discusses all the key topics in detail, including classification, orbit structure, representations, universal constructions, and abstract analogues. Open problems are discussed as they arise and many useful exercises are included.
1 172 kr
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Multiplicative invariant theory, as a research area in its own right within the wider spectrum of invariant theory, is of relatively recent vintage. The present text offers a coherent account of the basic results achieved thus far..Multiplicative invariant theory is intimately tied to integral representations of finite groups. Therefore, the field has a predominantly discrete, algebraic flavor. Geometry, specifically the theory of algebraic groups, enters through Weyl groups and their root lattices as well as via character lattices of algebraic tori.Throughout the text, numerous explicit examples of multiplicative invariant algebras and fields are presented, including the complete list of all multiplicative invariant algebras for lattices of rank 2.The book is intended for graduate and postgraduate students as well as researchers in integral representation theory, commutative algebra and, mostly, invariant theory.
1 807 kr
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This book is wholeheartedly recommended to every student or user of mathematics. Although the author modestly describes his book as 'merely an attempt to talk about' algebra, he succeeds in writing an extremely original and highly informative essay on algebra and its place in modern mathematics and science. From the fields, commutative rings and groups studied in every university math course, through Lie groups and algebras to cohomology and category theory, the author shows how the origins of each algebraic concept can be related to attempts to model phenomena in physics or in other branches of mathematics. Comparable in style with Hermann Weyl's evergreen essay The Classical Groups, Shafarevich's new book is sure to become required reading for mathematicians, from beginners to experts.
Del 3 - Encyclopaedia of Mathematical Sciences
Mathematical Aspects of Classical and Celestial Mechanics
Inbunden, Engelska, 2006
2 337 kr
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In this book we describe the basic principles, problems, and methods of cl- sical mechanics. Our main attention is devoted to the mathematical side of the subject. Although the physical background of the models considered here and the applied aspects of the phenomena studied in this book are explored to a considerably lesser extent, we have tried to set forth ?rst and foremost the “working” apparatus of classical mechanics. This apparatus is contained mainly in Chapters 1, 3, 5, 6, and 8. Chapter 1 is devoted to the basic mathematical models of classical - chanics that are usually used for describing the motion of real mechanical systems. Special attention is given to the study of motion with constraints and to the problems of realization of constraints in dynamics. In Chapter 3 we discuss symmetry groups of mechanical systems and the corresponding conservation laws. We also expound various aspects of ord- reduction theory for systems with symmetries, which is often used in appli- tions. Chapter 4 is devoted to variational principles and methods of classical mechanics. They allow one, in particular, to obtain non-trivial results on the existence of periodic trajectories. Special attention is given to the case where the region of possible motion has a non-empty boundary. Applications of the variational methods to the theory of stability of motion are indicated.
Del 122 - Encyclopaedia of Mathematical Sciences
Operator Algebras
Theory of C*-Algebras and von Neumann Algebras
Inbunden, Engelska, 2005
2 125 kr
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This volume attempts to give a comprehensive discussion of the theory of operator algebras (C*-algebras and von Neumann algebras. ) The volume is intended to serve two purposes: to record the standard theory in the Encyc- pedia of Mathematics, and to serve as an introduction and standard reference for the specialized volumes in the series on current research topics in the subject. Since there are already numerous excellent treatises on various aspects of thesubject,howdoesthisvolumemakeasigni?cantadditiontotheliterature, and how does it di?er from the other books in the subject? In short, why another book on operator algebras? The answer lies partly in the ?rst paragraph above. More importantly, no other single reference covers all or even almost all of the material in this volume. I have tried to cover all of the main aspects of “standard” or “clas- cal” operator algebra theory; the goal has been to be, well, encyclopedic. Of course, in a subject as vast as this one, authors must make highly subjective judgments as to what to include and what to omit, as well as what level of detail to include, and I have been guided as much by my own interests and prejudices as by the needs of the authors of the more specialized volumes.
Del 121 - Encyclopaedia of Mathematical Sciences
Cyclic Homology in Non-Commutative Geometry
Inbunden, Engelska, 2003
1 066 kr
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This volume contains contributions by three authors and treats aspects of noncommutative geometry that are related to cyclic homology. The authors give rather complete accounts of cyclic theory from different and complementary points of view. The connections between topological (bivariant) K-theory and cyclic theory via generalized Chern-characters are discussed in detail. This includes an outline of a framework for bivariant K-theory on a category of locally convex algebras. On the other hand, cyclic theory is the natural setting for a variety of general index theorems. A survey of such index theorems (including the abstract index theorems of Connes-Moscovici and of Bressler-Nest-Tsygan) is given and the concepts and ideas involved in the proof of these theorems are explained.
1 384 kr
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This book treats that part of Riemannian geometry related to more classical topics in a very original, clear and solid style. Before going to Riemannian geometry, the author presents a more general theory of manifolds with a linear connection. Having in mind different generalizations of Riemannian manifolds, it is clearly stressed which notions and theorems belong to Riemannian geometry and which of them are of a more general nature. Much attention is paid to transformation groups of smooth manifolds. Throughout the book, different aspects of symmetric spaces are treated. The author successfully combines the co-ordinate and invariant approaches to differential geometry, which give the reader tools for practical calculations as well as a theoretical understanding of the subject. The book contains a very useful large Appendix on foundations of differentiable manifolds and basic structures on them which makes it self-contained and practically independent from other sources.
Del 67 - Encyclopaedia of Mathematical Sciences
Dynamical Systems X
General Theory of Vortices
Inbunden, Engelska, 2003
1 595 kr
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The English teach mechanics as an experimental science, while on the Continent, it has always been considered a more deductive and a priori science. Unquestionably, the English are right. * H. Poincare, Science and Hypothesis Descartes, Leibnitz, and Newton As is well known, the basic principles of dynamics were stated by New ton in his famous work Philosophiae Naturalis Principia Mathematica, whose publication in 1687 was paid for by his friend, the astronomer Halley. In essence, this book was written with a single purpose: to prove the equivalence of Kepler's laws and the assumption, suggested to Newton by Hooke, that the acceleration of a planet is directed toward the center of the Sun and decreases in inverse proportion to the square of the distance between the planet and the Sun. For this, Newton needed to systematize the principles of dynamics (which is how Newton's famous laws appeared) and to state the "theory of fluxes" (analysis of functions of one variable). The principle of the equality of an action and a counteraction and the inverse square law led Newton to the theory of gravitation, the interaction at a distance. In addition, New ton discussed a large number of problems in mechanics and mathematics in his book, such as the laws of similarity, the theory of impact, special vari ational problems, and algebraicity conditions for Abelian integrals. Almost everything in the Principia subsequently became classic. In this connection, A. N.
2 125 kr
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Since its inception by von Neumann 70 years ago, the theory of operator algebras has become a rapidly developing area of importance for the understanding of many areas of mathematics and theoretical physics. Accessible to the non-specialist, this first part of a three volume treatise provides a clear, carefully written survey that emphasizes the theory's analytical and topological aspects.The book's unifying theme is the Banach space duality for operator algebras. This allows the reader to recognize the affinity between operator algebras and measure theory on locally compact spaces. Very technical sections are clearly labeled and there are extensive comments by the author, a good historical background and excercises.This book is part of the subseries of the EMS on Operator Algebras and Non-Commutative Geometry.
1 066 kr
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This EMS volume consists of two parts, written by leading scientists in the field of operator algebras and non-commutative geometry. The first part, written by M.Rordam, is on Elliott's classification program for nuclear C*-algebras. The emphasis is on the work of Kirchberg and the spectacular results by Kirchberg and Phillips giving a nearly complete classification, in terms of K-theoretic invariants, in the purely infinite case. This part of the program is described with almost full proofs beginning with Kirchberg's tensor product theorems and Kirchberg's embedding theorem for exact C*-algebras. The classification of finite simple C*-algebras starting with AF-algebras, and continuing with AT- and AH-algebras is covered, but mostly without proofs. The second part, written by E.Stormer, is a survey of the theory of of noncommutative entropy of automorphisms of C*-algebras and von Neumann algebras from its initiation by Connes and Stormer in 1975 till 2001.
Del 127 - Encyclopaedia of Mathematical Sciences
Theory of Operator Algebras III
Inbunden, Engelska, 2002
1 913 kr
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Together with "Theory of Operator Algebras I, II" (EMS 124 and 125), this book, written by one of the most prominent researchers in the field of operator algebras, presents the theory of von Neumann algebras and non-commutative integration focusing on the group of automorphisms and the structure analysis. It is is part of the recently developed part of the "Encyclopaedia of Mathematical Sciences" on operator algebras and non-commutative geometry (see http://www springer.de/math/ems/index.html). The book provides essential and comprehensive information for graduate students and researchers in mathematics and mathematical physics.
1 913 kr
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Together with "Theory of Operator Algebras I, III" (EMS 124 and 127), this book, written by one of the most prominent researchers in the field of operator algebras, presents the theory of von Neumann algebras and non-commutative integration focusing on the group of automorphisms and the structure analysis. It is part of the recently developed part of the "Encyclopaedia of Mathematical Sciences" on operator algebras and non-commutative geometry (see http://www springer.de/math/ems/index.html). The book provides essential and comprehensive information for graduate students and researchers in mathematics and mathematical physics.
Del 131 - Encyclopaedia of Mathematical Sciences
Algebraic Quotients. Torus Actions and Cohomology. The Adjoint Representation and the Adjoint Action
Inbunden, Engelska, 2002
1 066 kr
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This is the second volume of the new subseries "Invariant Theory and Algebraic Transformation Groups". The aim of the survey by A. Bialynicki-Birula is to present the main trends and achievements of research in the theory of quotients by actions of algebraic groups. This theory contains geometric invariant theory with various applications to problems of moduli theory. The contribution by J. Carrell treats the subject of torus actions on algebraic varieties, giving a detailed exposition of many of the cohomological results one obtains from having a torus action with fixed points. Many examples, such as toric varieties and flag varieties, are discussed in detail. W.M. McGovern studies the actions of a semisimple Lie or algebraic group on its Lie algebra via the adjoint action and on itself via conjugation. His contribution focuses primarily on nilpotent orbits that have found the widest application to representation theory in the last thirty-five years.
Del 140 - Encyclopaedia of Mathematical Sciences
Invariants of Homology 3-Spheres
Inbunden, Engelska, 2002
1 490 kr
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Homology 3-sphere is a closed 3-dimensional manifold whose homology equals that of the 3-sphere. These objects may look rather special but they have played an outstanding role in geometric topology for the past fifty years. The book gives a systematic exposition of diverse ideas and methods in the area, from algebraic topology of manifolds to invariants arising from quantum field theories. The main topics covered are constructions and classification of homology 3-spheres, Rokhlin invariant, Casson invariant and its extensions, including invariants of Walker and Lescop, Herald and Lin invariants of knots, and equivariant Casson invariants, Floer homology and gauge-theoretical invariants of homology cobordism. Many of the topics covered in the book appear in monograph form for the first time. The book gives a rather broad overview of ideas and methods and provides a comprehensive bibliography. It will be appealing to both graduate students and researchers in mathematics and theoretical physics.