Headache – serie

This book discusses the role of placebos and nocebos in the treatment of headache disorders. These disorders are usually treatable, but safety and tolerability issues mean that available preventive treatments have often limited success, even in the right hands – one in five patients treated with a migraine preventive pharmaceutical agent discontinues treatment for those reasons. The nocebo effect plays a role here, with patients’ negative expectation and previous unpleasant treatment experiences creating negative belief in the treatment’s benefits and safety, which in turn limits treatment outcomes and adherence significantly. In RCTs on migraine prevention, one in 20 patients treated with a placebo discontinued treatment because of adverse events, indicating a considerable nocebo effect; the fewer potential adverse events described in the consent form, the smaller the nocebo effect. As such, physicians treating headache sufferers should acknowledge nocebo as a significant cofactorfor treatment adherence and failure, and plan techniques to limit the effects, such as patient education and close follow-up. This highly informative and painstakingly presented book provides scientific insights for professionals and scholars with an interest in internal medicine, neurology and pain medicine.

This book focuses on the influence of sex and gender in migraine, presenting new insights in basic science as well as their clinical relevance.  As migraine is roughly three times more common in women than in men, and also highly depends on hormonal milestones – such as menarche, menstruation, pregnancy and menopause – particular attention is devoted to the role of female sex hormones in this disease.  The first chapters present general data on gender-related differences in migraine such as epidemiology, comorbidities and related risks. Furthermore, while several chapters focus on the role of female sex hormones in migraine-triggering mechanisms at a basic scientific level (e.g. cranial circulation), ample attention is also paid to the clinical relevance of such mechanisms and to the best clinical treatment for migraine patients.As the first book entirely devoted to this topic, it will be of interest to researchers and practitioners in the fields of neurology, internalmedicine, endocrinology, physiology and pharmacology.

This book discusses interventional treatment options on intractable (drug resistant) headache patients and extended headache attacks and extensively reviews the reasons behind treatment failure in intractable headaches, offering potential solutions based on clinical black holes of headache outpatient practice. The most appropriate interventions for certain types of headache such as chronic migraine and medication-overuse headaches, are discussed among others.The book provides practical advice on properly administering the interventional treatments either as a bridge treatments or prophylaxis options. The expected complications of the treatments, and strategies to minimize them are also discussed. Approaches in special patient populations such as pediatric or pregnancy cases and other non-standard cases are also extensively discussed.

This book provides essential insights into the current state of knowledge regarding the main aspects of cluster headache and trigeminal autonomic cephalgias. The first chapters focus on classification and clinical features, together with familial and genetic aspects. Relevant animal models and the putative role of key nervous structures as the hypothalamus, brainstem, diencephalon and sphenopalatine ganglion are reviewed.  Evidence gained from key molecules such as CGRP in animals and human headache models are discussed. The book subsequently presents information on the various aspects of the pathophysiology of trigeminal autonomic cephalalgias for example regarding the implication of the trigeminovascular system and the facial autonomic reflexes of the brainstem. Further, it shares insights from imaging studies including functional magnetic resonance imaging and more advanced techniques, as well as brain stimulation procedures. Further chapters describe the current state of knowledge concerning drug treatment and the various neurostimulation procedures. Trigeminal neuralgia is also presented, due its close relationship with some short-term trigeminal autonomic cephalgias: a great deal can be learned from a better understanding of their differences and similarities. The same approach is then applied to cluster headache and migraine.All chapters were written by respected experts in their fields, ensuring the book will provide an excellent source of up-to-date information and perspectives on trigeminal autonomic cephalgias and related disorders.  As such, it will be of considerable value for students, clinicians and pain researchers alike.

This book provides essential insights into the current state of knowledge regarding the main aspects of cluster headache and trigeminal autonomic cephalgias. The first chapters focus on classification and clinical features, together with familial and genetic aspects. Relevant animal models and the putative role of key nervous structures as the hypothalamus, brainstem, diencephalon and sphenopalatine ganglion are reviewed.  Evidence gained from key molecules such as CGRP in animals and human headache models are discussed. The book subsequently presents information on the various aspects of the pathophysiology of trigeminal autonomic cephalalgias for example regarding the implication of the trigeminovascular system and the facial autonomic reflexes of the brainstem. Further, it shares insights from imaging studies including functional magnetic resonance imaging and more advanced techniques, as well as brain stimulation procedures. Further chapters describe the current state of knowledge concerning drug treatment and the various neurostimulation procedures. Trigeminal neuralgia is also presented, due its close relationship with some short-term trigeminal autonomic cephalgias: a great deal can be learned from a better understanding of their differences and similarities. The same approach is then applied to cluster headache and migraine.All chapters were written by respected experts in their fields, ensuring the book will provide an excellent source of up-to-date information and perspectives on trigeminal autonomic cephalgias and related disorders.  As such, it will be of considerable value for students, clinicians and pain researchers alike.

This book addresses all aspects of neuromodulation therapy in the management of headache and facial pain disorders, paying particular attention to the application of this rapidly growing and fascinating therapy to different forms of headache and facial pain conditions. It is divided into sections covering the principles of and rationale behind neuromodulation for headache, including in-depth discussions of challenging topics such as the definition of refractory headache and prognostic factors, and the technical aspects of devices used to modulate peripheral and central neuronal targets for the management of headaches. In addition, the book reviews the state-of-the art in current neuromodulation practice for headaches, discusses therapeutic strategies and therapy selection for each headache and facial pain disorder, and presents an in-depth, critical analysis of the published evidence, with sections covering innovative devices and emerging applications of novel neuromodulation technologies in the field. Gathering papers by internationally respected, leading experts, the book offers a unique guide to neuromodulation therapies in headache for neurologists, pain specialists, neurosurgeons, neuroscientists, trainees and general practitioners with an interest in headache and facial pain management.

This book addresses all aspects of neuromodulation therapy in the management of headache and facial pain disorders, paying particular attention to the application of this rapidly growing and fascinating therapy to different forms of headache and facial pain conditions. It is divided into sections covering the principles of and rationale behind neuromodulation for headache, including in-depth discussions of challenging topics such as the definition of refractory headache and prognostic factors, and the technical aspects of devices used to modulate peripheral and central neuronal targets for the management of headaches. In addition, the book reviews the state-of-the art in current neuromodulation practice for headaches, discusses therapeutic strategies and therapy selection for each headache and facial pain disorder, and presents an in-depth, critical analysis of the published evidence, with sections covering innovative devices and emerging applications of novel neuromodulation technologies in the field. Gathering papers by internationally respected, leading experts, the book offers a unique guide to neuromodulation therapies in headache for neurologists, pain specialists, neurosurgeons, neuroscientists, trainees and general practitioners with an interest in headache and facial pain management.

This volume describes the impact of headache disorders on public health, and their adverse consequences for society. It opens with an overview of relevant headache disorders before describing, qualitatively, how the burdens attributable to these disorders fall upon adults, adolescents and children. In the second section, beginning with a methodological introduction discussing the principles and potential pitfalls of epidemiological studies assessing prevalence, headache-attributed burden and functional impact, the burdens of headache including financial cost are examined quantitatively and in detail. The third section critically reviews society’s response, its inadequacies and the scope for improvement. Topics here include the political failure to recognize the public ill-health and cost that are the consequences of inadequate headache care; the role of the WHO in addressing the problem; headache service organization, delivery and quality; and the effectiveness and cost-effectiveness of interventions. The book closes by considering the way forward. This volume contains important messages for primary care and is likely to be of even greater interest to headache specialists and those concerned with public health and health policy.

Roughly one in every five patients referred to a neurologist suffers from headaches; the majority have migraines. Although headache specialists understand migraine on a clinical basis, the pathophysiological changes that provoke and accompany the development of a migraine attack continue to elude us.Several decades have passed since the pioneering electroencephalographic study by Golla and Winter (1959), which underscored the role of abnormal rhythmic activities in migraine. Since then, there have been substantial advances in the field; a wealth of neurophysiological studies has enriched our understanding of the pathophysiological facets of the migraine pathology. Virtually every known technique of clinical electrophysiology has since been used to study the migraine brain and, more recently, new neurophysiological tools have been added to the arsenal. Nevertheless, applying the principles of peripheral and central neuromodulation offers a promising way to transfer the principles of synaptic plasticity to the patient’s bedside.This book belongs to the Headache Series endorsed by the European Headache Federation. Written by internationally recognized experts in their respective fields, it covers all aspects of clinical neurophysiological methods that represent significant advances in our understanding of the pathophysiology of migraine. It will offer a valuable toolkit for beginners, and a reference guide for experts.

Roughly one in every five patients referred to a neurologist suffers from headaches; the majority have migraines. Although headache specialists understand migraine on a clinical basis, the pathophysiological changes that provoke and accompany the development of a migraine attack continue to elude us.Several decades have passed since the pioneering electroencephalographic study by Golla and Winter (1959), which underscored the role of abnormal rhythmic activities in migraine. Since then, there have been substantial advances in the field; a wealth of neurophysiological studies has enriched our understanding of the pathophysiological facets of the migraine pathology. Virtually every known technique of clinical electrophysiology has since been used to study the migraine brain and, more recently, new neurophysiological tools have been added to the arsenal. Nevertheless, applying the principles of peripheral and central neuromodulation offers a promising way to transfer the principles of synaptic plasticity to the patient’s bedside.This book belongs to the Headache Series endorsed by the European Headache Federation. Written by internationally recognized experts in their respective fields, it covers all aspects of clinical neurophysiological methods that represent significant advances in our understanding of the pathophysiology of migraine. It will offer a valuable toolkit for beginners, and a reference guide for experts.

Intended to promote a more appropriate and modern therapeutic approach to migraine management, this book is the first to deal with monoclonal antibodies in this context. Authored by the most respected migraine experts from around the globe and drawing on the lessons learned in both clinical trials and clinical practice, it reviews the current state of knowledge on this important therapeutic innovation, which has produced impressive data in randomized controlled trials, and the efficacy and safety of which have been confirmed in day-to-day real-world use. Given its scope, the book will appeal to a broad range of specialists, including pharmacologists, clinical pharmacologists, neurologists and internists, but also to residents and medical students.

Intended to promote a more appropriate and modern therapeutic approach to migraine management, this book is the first to deal with monoclonal antibodies in this context. Authored by the most respected migraine experts from around the globe and drawing on the lessons learned in both clinical trials and clinical practice, it reviews the current state of knowledge on this important therapeutic innovation, which has produced impressive data in randomized controlled trials, and the efficacy and safety of which have been confirmed in day-to-day real-world use. Given its scope, the book will appeal to a broad range of specialists, including pharmacologists, clinical pharmacologists, neurologists and internists, but also to residents and medical students.

Published in the series Headache, endorsed by the European Headache Federation, this is the first book on the novel synthetic treatment of migraine with ditans (lasmiditan) and gepants (atogepant, ubrogepant, rimegepant, vazegepant). These drugs will provide additional options for people with migraine put at risk of side effects by other medications or with unsatisfactory response to previous drugs. There is now a sufficient amount of literature published to interest a wide multidisciplinary readership (general physicians, general neurologists, clinical psychologists, neurologists in training, and medical students) facing every day this burdensome disorder in their clinical practice. The book aims therefore at offering an overview of these new drugs for both acute and prophylactic treatments of migraine, covering studies on clinical evidence, tolerability, and the different stages of clinical development.

Published in the series Headache, endorsed by the European Headache Federation, this is the first book on the novel synthetic treatment of migraine with ditans (lasmiditan) and gepants (atogepant, ubrogepant, rimegepant, vazegepant). These drugs will provide additional options for people with migraine put at risk of side effects by other medications or with unsatisfactory response to previous drugs. There is now a sufficient amount of literature published to interest a wide multidisciplinary readership (general physicians, general neurologists, clinical psychologists, neurologists in training, and medical students) facing every day this burdensome disorder in their clinical practice. The book aims therefore at offering an overview of these new drugs for both acute and prophylactic treatments of migraine, covering studies on clinical evidence, tolerability, and the different stages of clinical development.

This book provides an overview of planning and examining the methodology, analytic issues, primary and secondary endpoints and outcomes in headache trials. Throughout the book, guidance on how to design a high quality study and how to evaluate which study has relevant scientific qualification is discussed in detail. Clinical scales and patient related outcome measures (PROMs) to exclude secondary headaches, to diagnose primary headache disorders, to evaluate patients’ health-related quality of life, to detect psychiatric comorbidities, to assess patients’ headache-related disability and to monitor patients’ treatment optimization are clearly and concisely outlined in the chapters. Clinical Scales for Headache Disorders highlights the components for planning an effective headache study including interpretation of primary and secondary endpoints, common clinical scales, PROMs and their clinical reliability and validation. Both clinicians and researchers willfind this book to be a useful tool for their medical and academic practices on headache and migraine.

This book provides an overview of planning and examining the methodology, analytic issues, primary and secondary endpoints and outcomes in headache trials. Throughout the book, guidance on how to design a high quality study and how to evaluate which study has relevant scientific qualification is discussed in detail. Clinical scales and patient related outcome measures (PROMs) to exclude secondary headaches, to diagnose primary headache disorders, to evaluate patients’ health-related quality of life, to detect psychiatric comorbidities, to assess patients’ headache-related disability and to monitor patients’ treatment optimization are clearly and concisely outlined in the chapters. Clinical Scales for Headache Disorders highlights the components for planning an effective headache study including interpretation of primary and secondary endpoints, common clinical scales, PROMs and their clinical reliability and validation. Both clinicians and researchers willfind this book to be a useful tool for their medical and academic practices on headache and migraine.

This book provides a physician’s pathfinder for COVID specific headache disorders as well as general headache practice in a pandemic era. Practical solutions to headache management at every level are highlighted, along with the changing nature of previous headache disorders under lockdown conditions.Headache Disorders in Pandemic Conditions examines the specific nature of headache symptoms during COVID-19 infection, the secondary causes of COVID-specific headache disorders and practical issues of previous known headache disorders during a pandemic. The book also explores the effect of lockdown on headache management and changes in headache education, practice, risks and guidelines. Neurologists, headache specialists, general practitioners, medical students and residents will find this book to be a practical and clear guide to Covid-19 specific headache disorders in clinical practice.

This book provides a physician’s pathfinder for COVID specific headache disorders as well as general headache practice in a pandemic era. Practical solutions to headache management at every level are highlighted, along with the changing nature of previous headache disorders under lockdown conditions.Headache Disorders in Pandemic Conditions examines the specific nature of headache symptoms during COVID-19 infection, the secondary causes of COVID-specific headache disorders and practical issues of previous known headache disorders during a pandemic. The book also explores the effect of lockdown on headache management and changes in headache education, practice, risks and guidelines. Neurologists, headache specialists, general practitioners, medical students and residents will find this book to be a practical and clear guide to Covid-19 specific headache disorders in clinical practice.

This book offers a comprehensive overview of structural and functional neuroimaging findings related to the pathophysiology of primary and secondary headaches. In addition, it provides recommendations for best practice and decision-making in ordering neuroimaging investigation when faced with patients suffering from a vast range of headache types, whether in everyday practice, or in an ambulance or emergency room. Hopefully, this book will promote the adequate use of cutting-edge neuroimaging in headache research and in ongoing clinical trials in major neurology centers in Europe and worldwide. The structure of the book is designed to cover the basic principles of neuroimaging that neurologists should be aware of when making decisions about headache management, scientifically based recommendations for the application of different neuroimaging protocols in the emergency department and in the neurological clinic, the latest findings from advanced neuroimaging related to migraine without and with aura, chronic migraine and medication overuse headache, cluster headache, trigeminal neuralgia and other forms of headache and orofacial pain. Finally, the book contains a chapter on future directions in headache neuroimaging and the implementation of machine and deep learning algorithms in the neuroimaging and classification of headaches and the prediction of treatment outcomes. Neurologists, radiologists and physicians involved in pain medicine will benefit from this book, by having access to comprehensive, state-of-the-art knowledge on research and clinical practice in the field of headache neuroimaging. Furthermore, it could be a compendium for medical students and residents who are usually introduced to headache neuroimaging through multidisciplinary university programmes. Headache patients will also benefit from this book, being helped to better understand their condition from a neuroimaging techniques perspective.

This book offers a comprehensive overview of structural and functional neuroimaging findings related to the pathophysiology of primary and secondary headaches. In addition, it provides recommendations for best practice and decision-making in ordering neuroimaging investigation when faced with patients suffering from a vast range of headache types, whether in everyday practice, or in an ambulance or emergency room. Hopefully, this book will promote the adequate use of cutting-edge neuroimaging in headache research and in ongoing clinical trials in major neurology centers in Europe and worldwide. The structure of the book is designed to cover the basic principles of neuroimaging that neurologists should be aware of when making decisions about headache management, scientifically based recommendations for the application of different neuroimaging protocols in the emergency department and in the neurological clinic, the latest findings from advanced neuroimaging related to migraine without and with aura, chronic migraine and medication overuse headache, cluster headache, trigeminal neuralgia and other forms of headache and orofacial pain. Finally, the book contains a chapter on future directions in headache neuroimaging and the implementation of machine and deep learning algorithms in the neuroimaging and classification of headaches and the prediction of treatment outcomes. Neurologists, radiologists and physicians involved in pain medicine will benefit from this book, by having access to comprehensive, state-of-the-art knowledge on research and clinical practice in the field of headache neuroimaging. Furthermore, it could be a compendium for medical students and residents who are usually introduced to headache neuroimaging through multidisciplinary university programmes. Headache patients will also benefit from this book, being helped to better understand their condition from a neuroimaging techniques perspective.

Our forthcoming book, focusing on rare causes of headache disorders, presents a unique and essential resource for the medical community. It fills a critical gap in the current literature by shedding light on conditions that, while infrequent, have significant implications for patient care. This book is structured to provide healthcare professionals, from general practitioners to specialists in neurology and pain management, with a practical guide to diagnosing and managing these complex disorders.Key Benefits and Unique Features:1. Comprehensive Coverage: We delve into the underrepresented area of rare headache disorders, providing detailed discussions on each condition's pathophysiology, clinical presentation, diagnostic challenges, and treatment options. This comprehensive approach ensures that readers have a robust resource at their fingertips, enhancing their ability to manage these complex cases effectively.2. Practical, Case-Based Format: The inclusion of case studies and real-world scenarios helps bridge the gap between theory and clinical practice. Each chapter is designed to offer practical insights and diagnostic strategies, making complex medical content accessible and applicable.3. Interdisciplinary Insights: By incorporating perspectives from various specialties involved in headache management, the book fosters a holistic understanding of rare headache disorders. This interdisciplinary approach not only broadens the reader’s knowledge but also encourages the development of integrated care strategies that improve patient outcomes.

This book provides the practicing physician with a practical approach to the diagnosis, evaluation and management of headache disorders based on lessons learned from real-life headache patients. Internationally well-known headache experts present cases from their own practice and discuss the evaluation and management of each case step by step. The clearly structured chapters cover initial evaluation and diagnostic work-up, imaging, differential diagnosis, interpretation of findings of further work-up, treatment options and response and key points. A wide spectrum of headache types is covered, including both primary and secondary headache disorders. The reader will learn how to diagnose and manage different headache disorders directly from the clinical experience of experts. Case-Based Diagnosis and Management of Headache Disorders will be of value for neurologists and a wide range of physicians – from those in other specialties to primary care givers.

This book provides a detailed overview of the current state of knowledge regarding the pathophysiology of both primary headaches – migraine, tension-type headache (TTH), and cluster headache – and the very important and frequent type of secondary headache, medication overuse headache (MOH). After an introductory chapter describing relevant neuroanatomy and vascular anatomy, the evidence gained from animal models regarding the pathophysiology of migraine and the other primary headaches is reviewed. Knowledge of the genetic component in the different types of headache is then examined with reference to recent evidence, for example regarding the implication of the trigeminovascular system and cortical spreading depression in migraine. Detailed information is provided on insights into primary headaches from imaging studies, including functional magnetic resonance imaging and positron emission tomography and on their neurophysiology and biochemistry. A further series of important chapters describe present knowledge of the pathophysiology of each specific type of headache and consider future directions. Written by acknowledged experts in their fields from Europe and the United States, clinicians and students will find Pathophysiology of Headaches to be an excellent source of up-to-date information on why patients experience headaches. In addition, it will be of value for pain researchers investigating the underlying mechanisms of headache.

In this book, headache experts summarize all the currently available therapies for primary headaches and most importantly, describe the ‘tricks’ that can ensure the success of headache pharmacotherapy. Prevention and acute treatment of migraine and cluster headache receive particular attention and individual chapters are devoted to the treatment of primary headaches in special groups, i.e. children, pregnant women and the elderly. Further chapters focus on selected secondary headache disorders and cranial neuralgias for which pharmacotherapy is available. The book is designed to meet the daily practice needs of general physicians, general neurologists, neurologists in training and medical students. Headache remains a leading reason for people to seek medical consultation, and migraine and other primary headache disorders are classified by the WHO as among the most disabling medical conditions in the general population, often affecting individuals during their most productive years. Unfortunately, under treatment and mismanagement are the fate of many headache patients and this book provides a sound basis for optimizing treatment.

This book provides a detailed overview of the current state of knowledge regarding the pathophysiology of both primary headaches – migraine, tension-type headache (TTH), and cluster headache – and the very important and frequent type of secondary headache, medication overuse headache (MOH). After an introductory chapter describing relevant neuroanatomy and vascular anatomy, the evidence gained from animal models regarding the pathophysiology of migraine and the other primary headaches is reviewed. Knowledge of the genetic component in the different types of headache is then examined with reference to recent evidence, for example regarding the implication of the trigeminovascular system and cortical spreading depression in migraine. Detailed information is provided on insights into primary headaches from imaging studies, including functional magnetic resonance imaging and positron emission tomography and on their neurophysiology and biochemistry. A further series of important chapters describe present knowledge of the pathophysiology of each specific type of headache and consider future directions. Written by acknowledged experts in their fields from Europe and the United States, clinicians and students will find Pathophysiology of Headaches to be an excellent source of up-to-date information on why patients experience headaches. In addition, it will be of value for pain researchers investigating the underlying mechanisms of headache.

In this book, headache experts summarize all the currently available therapies for primary headaches and most importantly, describe the ‘tricks’ that can ensure the success of headache pharmacotherapy. Prevention and acute treatment of migraine and cluster headache receive particular attention and individual chapters are devoted to the treatment of primary headaches in special groups, i.e. children, pregnant women and the elderly. Further chapters focus on selected secondary headache disorders and cranial neuralgias for which pharmacotherapy is available. The book is designed to meet the daily practice needs of general physicians, general neurologists, neurologists in training and medical students. Headache remains a leading reason for people to seek medical consultation, and migraine and other primary headache disorders are classified by the WHO as among the most disabling medical conditions in the general population, often affecting individuals during their most productive years. Unfortunately, under treatment and mismanagement are the fate of many headache patients and this book provides a sound basis for optimizing treatment.

This book provides up-to-date information on all aspects of the comorbidities that are associated with the headache disorders commonly seen in the primary care and hospital settings, including migraine, tension-type headache, and cluster headache. The coverage is wide ranging and encompasses all of the well-established comorbidities: cardio- and cerebrovascular disease, psychiatric conditions, epilepsy, sleep disorders, and various pain disorders, such as visceral pain, fibromyalgia, orofacial pain, and neuropathic pain. Individual chapters are also devoted to obesity and other metabolic comorbidities and to the comorbidities associated specifically with pediatric headaches. The information provided will assist readers in understanding the complex relationships between headache disorders and these various conditions and in delivering effective care that reflects the latest knowledge. The book is designed to meet the daily practice needs of general physicians, general neurologists, clinical psychologists, neurologists in training, and medical students. It is published as part of the series Headache, which is endorsed by the European Headache Federation – EHF.

This book aims to provide clinicians and other practitioners and professionals with up-to-date information on how to evaluate and manage headaches in children and adolescents, highlighting the most recent recommendations. Unlike in other books on the subject, detailed attention is devoted to the various comorbidities commonly associated with headache, including psychiatric comorbidities such as depression, anxiety, attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, and learning disabilities and medical conditions such as epilepsy, vascular disorders, brain tumors, atopic disease, and obesity. The intimate link between these conditions and headache is explained with a view to enabling the reader to recognize their presence and, on that basis, to institute the most effective pharmacological or non-pharmacological treatment strategy. Moreover, knowledge of the comorbidities associated with headache will help readers to understand more fully the causes of this serious disorder and also its consequences, e.g., for school performance, relationships, and daily activities.  The authors are all international experts who care for children with headache or the other described disorders.

This book provides up-to-date information on all aspects of the comorbidities that are associated with the headache disorders commonly seen in the primary care and hospital settings, including migraine, tension-type headache, and cluster headache. The coverage is wide ranging and encompasses all of the well-established comorbidities: cardio- and cerebrovascular disease, psychiatric conditions, epilepsy, sleep disorders, and various pain disorders, such as visceral pain, fibromyalgia, orofacial pain, and neuropathic pain. Individual chapters are also devoted to obesity and other metabolic comorbidities and to the comorbidities associated specifically with pediatric headaches. The information provided will assist readers in understanding the complex relationships between headache disorders and these various conditions and in delivering effective care that reflects the latest knowledge. The book is designed to meet the daily practice needs of general physicians, general neurologists, clinical psychologists, neurologists in training, and medical students. It is published as part of the series Headache, which is endorsed by the European Headache Federation – EHF.