IAEA TECDOC – serie
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20 produkter
20 produkter
INPRO Methodology for Sustainability Assessment of Nuclear Energy Systems: Waste Management
INPRO Manual
Häftad, Engelska, 2020
220 kr
Skickas inom 5-8 vardagar
This publication presents the latest update to the INPRO methodology for Nuclear Energy Systems sustainability assessment in the area of waste management and reflects detailed discussions held at an IAEA technical meeting. Waste generated by nuclear energy systems and considered in this publication includes all classes and categories of waste from nuclear power plants and nuclear fuel cycle facilities over the course of normal operations and anticipated operational occurrences. It is anticipated that the information presented in this and other INPRO publications, for example IAEA Nuclear Energy Series No. NG-T-3.12, will assist in the identification of areas for improvement in nuclear energy systems.
INPRO Methodology for Sustainability Assessment of Nuclear Energy Systems: Safety of Nuclear Fuel Cycle Facilities
INPRO Manual
Häftad, Engelska, 2020
220 kr
Skickas inom 5-8 vardagar
This publication provides guidance for assessing the sustainability of a nuclear energy system (NES) in the area of nuclear fuel cycle facility (NFCF) safety. It deals with NFCFs that may be potentially involved in the NES such as, mining, milling, refining, conversion, enrichment, fuel fabrication, spent fuel storage, and spent fuel reprocessing facilities. It augments the information presented in the earlier INPRO publications on the methodology for sustainability assessments. The publication is intended for use by organizations involved in the development and deployment of a NES, including planning, design, modification and technical support for NFCFs.
Experiences of Member States in Building a Regulatory Framework for the Oversight of New Nuclear Power Plants
Country Case Studies
Häftad, Engelska, 2021
220 kr
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An effective regulatory framework is essential to the success of a national nuclear power programme. The IAEA has developed the Milestones approach to help Member States embarking on nuclear power to understand and develop the necessary infrastructure requirements in a phased way. The regulatory framework is one of the 19 infrastructure issues that are described in the Milestones approach. The primary objective of this publication is to present the experiences of selected Member States that are in the process of building or expanding their regulatory framework for a nuclear power programme, including the challenges they faced. The publication also provides insights on IAEA safety requirements and guidance on establishing an effective regulatory framework with reference to the IAEA Safety Standards Series, the IAEA Nuclear Security Series, and IAEA Safeguards guidance publications. In addition, it demonstrates how these requirements fit into the overall development of a nuclear power programme through the IAEA Milestones approach.
Model Regulations for the Use of Radiation Sources and for the Management of the Associated Radioactive Waste
Häftad, Engelska, 2026
380 kr
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This publication is the revision of IAEA-TECDOC-1732, Model Regulations for the Use of Radiation Sources and for the Management of the Associated Radioactive Waste. This publication provides information on the drafting of regulations and includes model regulations covering all aspects of the safe use of radiation sources and the safe management of the associated radioactive waste. The Model Regulations presented in this TECDOC are intended to implement requirements established in the IAEA safety standards, in particular IAEA Safety Standards Series Nos GSR Part 3, Radiation Protection and Safety of Radiation Sources: International Basic Safety Standards, and GSR Part 5, Predisposal Management of Radioactive Waste.
367 kr
Skickas inom 5-8 vardagar
Safe and sustainable uranium production requires comprehensive asset management guidelines, strategies, procedures and planning for uranium mines and processing facilities. This TECDOC offers guidance on management strategies and maintenance techniques for ageing uranium production cycle facilities. Based on industry best practices and international standards, it draws from the expertise and insights of industry professionals to consolidate knowledge on the life cycle asset management of uranium mines and processing facilities. This guidance is applicable to existing, new and ageing uranium production facilities and is intended for use by governmental organizations in Member States, regulatory bodies, and owners and operators of uranium mines and mills.
238 kr
Skickas inom 11-20 vardagar
This publication was produced as part of the Working Group 4 of the IAEA Modelling and Data for Radiological Impact Assessments (MODARIA) programme, which focused on the analysis of radioecological data in IAEA Technical Reports Series publications to identify key radionuclides and associated parameter values for human and wildlife exposure assessment. The intent is to reduce uncertainties and to develop new approaches to strengthen the evaluation of the radiological impact to the public, as well as to flora and fauna, arising from radionuclides in the environment. The publication comprises two main sections. The first one considers prioritization approaches to identify the radionuclides and pathways that potentially contribute most to internal and external exposure to organisms in wildlife groups for different sources and exposure situations. The focus of the second section is the improvement of transfer parameter values for animal product data, namely cow and goat milk. Milk was selected as it often has a high priority in radiological environmental impact assessment. Examples of approaches that can be used to identify potentially important data gaps, illustrated using case studies are also presented. This publication is intended to provide Member States with technical information and data that can be used by their national authorities to develop and improve their models and approaches for radiological environmental impact assessment for facilities and activities.
Quality Assurance and Quality Control in Nuclear Facilities and Activities
Good Practices and Lessons Learned
Häftad, Engelska, 2020
220 kr
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This publication explains the concepts of quality assurance and quality control. It provides examples, illustrated by good practices, of their implementation within the processes of the management systems of nuclear facilities and describes how they are managed through interfaces with suppliers and subcontractors. The publication discusses the elements of a management system relevant for the quality assurance and quality control functions, such as the generation and retention of documented information. The information presented will help in ensuring the safe and economic operation of nuclear facilities and provide a neutral technical basis for dialogue between government bodies, regulators, plant operators and suppliers when dealing with management system, quality assurance and quality control issues.
380 kr
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Nuclear power plants (NPPs) are designed to ensure minimal waste arising during operation, and waste management processes further ensure that radioactive waste is managed safely and cost effectively. Although safety requirements for waste management need to be fulfilled unconditionally, the implementation of cost-efficient processes depends on the individual radioactive waste management (RWM) and spent fuel (SF) management policies adopted in a particular Member State. This publication provides end-users with useful technical information regarding waste minimization at NPP operations and examines typical waste inventories and minimization methodologies. It additionally explores solutions for optimizing the minimization of waste and evaluating RWM practices.
Material Properties of Unirradiated Uranium–Molybdenum (U–Mo) Fuel for Research Reactors
Häftad, Engelska, 2021
220 kr
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This publication presents the material properties of all unirradiated Uranium–Molybdenum (U-Mo) fuel constituents that are essential for fuel designers and reactor operators to evaluate the fuel’s performance and safety for research reactors. Many significant advances in the understanding and development of low enriched uranium U–Mo fuels have been made since 2004, stimulated by the need to understand irradiation behavior and early fuel failures during testing. The publication presents a comprehensive overview of mechanical and physical property data from U-Mo fuel research.
220 kr
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Flexible operation and related power changes can have a direct impact on fuel integrity through pellet–cladding interaction/stress corrosion cracking (PCI/SCC) phenomena, which could lead to fuel failures in certain conditions. For some anticipated operational occurrences that affect fuel with small PCI/SCC margins, the fuel failures caused by PCI/SCC cannot be assumed to be benign, and a significant radiological source term may be generated. This publication provides an overview of PCI/SCC studies and reports on the progress made since the early 2000s, based on presentations and discussions at a related IAEA technical meeting held in October 2019.
220 kr
Skickas inom 5-8 vardagar
The publication focuses on radioecologjcal experience and data acquired and lessons learned in Japan following the nuclear accident at the Fukushima Daiichi nuclear power plant in March 2011. The publication brings together outcomes of the extensive studies, done by Japanese scientists and their colleagues from other countries, on characterization of radioecological transfer parameters in the terrestrial and aquatic environments of Japan affected by radionuclides released in the accident. The Japan specific data are systematically presented and compared to the global experience gained from the earlier nuclear accidents, military or industrial activities. Climate, landscape, agriculture and food processing practices, lifestyle and national dietary customs are shown as factors influencing transfer of radionuclides through the environment and human food chains. The publication summarizes country specific experience and puts it into existing global radioecological contexts.
Implementation and Effectiveness of Actions Taken at Nuclear Power Plants Following the Fukushima Daiichi Accident
Häftad, Engelska, 2020
220 kr
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The IAEA reports on lessons learned and actions taken after the Fukushima Daiichi Accident. This publication addresses the challenges faced and the ongoing needs of Member State organizations which have been implementing and maintaining post-Fukushima actions. It discusses the actions taken (or to be taken), good practices and describes effective solutions to issues in implementation, verification, qualification and maintenance. Also discussed are the approaches to measuring and maintaining effectiveness of actions as well as an analysis of merits, costs and benefits. Examples in decision making for implementation and follow-up policies, programmes and procedures to ensure sustainability in the long term are presented.
Introduction to Practical Industrial Tomography Techniques for Non-destructive Testing (NDT)
Häftad, Engelska, 2021
227 kr
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Industrial computed tomography for advanced industrial non-destructive evaluation is a complex technological area, encompassing nuclear radiation detectors, mechanical engineering, computational mathematics and radiation physics. Additionally, the cost of applying this technology may be prohibitive. This guidebook provides an introduction to gamma computed tomography for non-destructive evaluation imaging in the simplest configuration. It is intended to be of use to the non-destructive testing community, currently practicing conventional radiography techniques. It provides clear information on the relevant practical issues and problems related to setting up computed tomography for industrial non-destructive testing and establishes a basis for understanding the intricacies of the technology
Operating Experience from Events Reported to the IAEA/NEA Fuel Incident Notification and Analysis System (FINAS)
Häftad, Engelska, 2021
220 kr
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The Fuel Incident Notification and Analysis System (FINAS) is jointly operated by the International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) and the Nuclear Energy Agency of the Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD/NEA). The system is an important tool for international exchange of operating experience from nuclear fuel cycle facilities. FINAS reports contain information about events of safety significance that have occurred at nuclear fuel cycle facilities and describe the root causes and lessons learned from the events. This publication provides a summary of the operating experience feedback from the events reported to FINAS since it was launched in 1992. The publication has a focus on the root causes, lessons identified, and corrective actions taken to prevent the occurrence of similar events. Reference to other publications that cover nuclear fuel cycle facilities’ events as well as a description of the operating experience programmes of these facilities is included. The publication is intended to be used by nuclear fuel cycle facilities’ operators, regulators, and designers.
Thermal Performance Monitoring and Optimization in Nuclear Power Plants
Experience and Lessons Learned
Häftad, Engelska, 2022
238 kr
Skickas inom 11-20 vardagar
Rising operating costs and increased competition have focused attention on the need to improve thermal performance in nuclear power plants (NPPs), to ensure efficient electricity generation. Efforts to improve thermal performance require a broad understanding of NPP design, operation, maintenance, ambient conditions, and thermal sciences. This publication provides various methodologies for tracking and trending NPP thermal performance. It describes the essential elements of a thermal performance programme, providing guidelines on the design of the balance of the plant systems for new build NPPs and improvements to an existing programme for operating NPPs.
Approaches to Management of Requirement Specifications for Nuclear Facilities Throughout Their Life Cycle
Häftad, Engelska, 2021
238 kr
Skickas inom 11-20 vardagar
The design and operational requirements of nuclear facilities, such as nuclear power plants (NPPs), are specified and managed to ensure the safety and optimized operation of the facility. These requirements and how they are managed, interpreted and used to support facility functions and activities, are very important in all the life cycle phases of the facility from design through construction, commissioning, operation, and from refurbishment to decommissioning. This publication analyses and provides new insights into the different approaches followed by the nuclear industry for their effective management as well as guidance to develop a comprehensive requirement management programme in nuclear facilities. Although the guidance provided is based on industry experience to develop such programmes for NPPs, the principles and approaches provided can be used in all nuclear facilities including research reactors, fuel manufacturing facilities, fuel reprocessing and waste management facilities.
Applicability of Design Safety Requirements to Small Modular Reactor Technologies Intended for Near Term Deployment
Light Water Reactors High Temperature Gas Cooled Reactors
Häftad, Engelska, 2021
220 kr
Skickas inom 5-8 vardagar
IAEA Member States have expressed relevant interest in the development and deployment of small and medium-sized or modular reactors (SMRs) to help cover their energy needs in the coming decades. SMR designs may include technological characteristics that differ significantly from those of the large nuclear power plants that are commercially available. Those SMR characteristics can represent a challenge when the existing design requirements, as established in IAEA Safety Standards Series No. SSR-2/1 (Rev. 1) Safety of Nuclear Power Plants: Design, are intended to be applied to SMRs. This publication focuses on the engineering judgement necessary to apply each of the design requirements in SSR-2/1 (Rev. 1), and also the entire set of requirements, to light water cooled and high temperature gas cooled SMRs. The publication includes the common ground reached by representatives from regulatory bodies, technical and scientific support organizations (TSOs) and SMR design organizations regarding the applicability of the design requirements to both SMR technologies. The insights provided are also intended to contribute to motivating further progress in the harmonization of national and international views on safety approaches for SMR technologies. This publication is intended for use by organizations dealing with nuclear power plant design or operation, and by regulatory bodies and TSOs, particularly from countries that are initiating or enlarging nuclear power programmes that include SMR units.
Studies of Temporal Trends of Pollution in Selected Coastal Areas by the Application of Isotopic and Nuclear Techniques
Häftad, Engelska, 2025
367 kr
Skickas inom 5-8 vardagar
Lead-210 (Pb-210) dating can be used to understand depositional trends of contaminants in the coastal marine environment. Decades of research have been committed to optimizing the use of Pb-210 as an isotopic tool to date sediment layers, yet challenges in its application limit its full potential. This TECDOC uses real case studies from around the world to examine the challenges and assumptions in using the method, the scope of its use, discussion on model usage, and validation. The geographic diversity of the presented studies provides a snapshot of the effect of anthropogenic activities and the resulting organic, inorganic, and radioactive contaminants on our coastal oceans. This publication is intended for environmental scientists and marine managers.
Current Approaches to the Analysis of Design Extension Conditions with Core Melting for New Nuclear Power Plants
Häftad, Engelska, 2021
220 kr
Skickas inom 5-8 vardagar
The focus of this publication is on collecting current practices in Member States related to design extension conditions (DECs) with core melting. The information provided is based on the feedback from technical experts from Canada, France, Finland, India, the Islamic Republic of Iran, the Russian Federation, and the United States of America. There is, however, still no common understanding of DECs due to the complexity of phenomena and insufficient experimental data. This publication identifies current approaches of IAEA Member States with active nuclear power programmes and discusses the regulatory perspective and technical rationale. It attempts to find common practices and possible areas for harmonization of the main rules related to the analysis of DECs with core melting for new water cooled reactors, including their selection for the safety demonstration.
220 kr
Skickas inom 5-8 vardagar
Research has been published over the past few decades on the possible use of thorium in various nuclear power reactor types. Therefore, it is worthwhile to analyse the supply situation for additional thorium generated as a by-product of commodities produced for non-nuclear purposes. This publication provides information on the natural occurrence of thorium, the geology of thorium and potential thorium resources. It presents an overview of exploration and evaluation of projects, including studies for project feasibility, principles of ore processing, as well as market and production scenarios. Selected examples of deposits containing thorium as a potential co-product or by-product are presented as case studies.