Population Economics - Böcker

This is motivated by the fact that in reality most agents act from within a family, and their interaction with the economy at large and tax policy in particular is mediated by the interdependence of the family members‘ choices, although taxation is typically studied in a framework in which the economic agents are isolated individuals.

This is motivated by the fact that in reality most agents act from within a family, and their interaction with the economy at large and tax policy in particular is mediated by the interdependence of the family members‘ choices, although taxation is typically studied in a framework in which the economic agents are isolated individuals.

This open-access volume accompanies the microdata release of the EU Loneliness Survey. Loneliness, often referred to as the ‘epidemic of the 21st century’, has emerged as a grave public health concern.

This book introduces edumetrics, a rigorous, interdisciplinary framework for measuring learning outcomes over time and across space. Based on Lord Kelvin’s maxim that “to measure is to know,” edumetrics redefines education as an empirical science that integrates economics, psychology, and social science to quantify cognitive and non-cognitive competencies.By harmonizing data from over 120 countries spanning half a century, the book transforms fragmented indicators into coherent measures of learning quality and equity. It critiques the limitations of traditional human capital theory and challenges the use of years of schooling as a proxy for skill. Through econometric analysis, historical inquiry, and global datasets, including Learning-Adjusted Years of Schooling, it reveals that educational structures, not just resources, shape productivity, adaptability, and social cohesion.At its core, the book addresses the paradox of why rising investments in schooling have not yielded proportional gains in learning. With its integration of theory, data, and historical perspective, it serves as both a methodological blueprint and a call to rethink how we define, measure, and value learning in the twenty-first century.

It includes contributions by prominent academic researchers analysing the socio-economic impact of migration in a variety of contexts: interconnection of people and trade flows, causes and consequences of capital remittances, understanding the macroeconomic impact of migration and the labour market effects of people’s flows.

Though globalisation of the world economy is currently a powerful force, people’s international mobility appears to still be very limited. The goal of this book is to improve our knowledge of the true effects of migration flows. It includes contributions by prominent academic researchers analysing the socio-economic impact of migration in a variety of contexts: interconnection of people and trade flows, causes and consequences of capital remittances, understanding the macroeconomic impact of migration and the labour market effects of people’s flows. The latest analytical methodologies are employed in all chapters, while interesting policy guidelines emerge from the investigations. The style of the volume makes it accessible for both non-experts and advanced readers interested in this hot topic of today’s world.

This book studies the process of demographic transition which has played a key role in the economic development of Western countries.

This book provides a comprehensive, theory-based analysis of current issues in population economics. Taking into account families’ fertility decisions, it examines not only the demographic changes due to longer life expectancy but also the effects of social security policy on demography and labor supply/individual retirement behaviors.

This book studies the process of demographic transition which has played a key role in the economic development of Western countries.

This book provides a comprehensive, theory-based analysis of current issues in population economics. Taking into account families’ fertility decisions, it examines not only the demographic changes due to longer life expectancy but also the effects of social security policy on demography and labor supply/individual retirement behaviors.

This edited volume provides a comprehensive overview of rural-urban migration in Vietnam. It addresses a wide range of important topics, including Vietnam’s household registration system (ho khau), migration trends, remittance behaviour and social networking. In addition, it examines migrants’ earnings, their children’s schooling, housing issues and their families’ consumption behaviour in their destination cities.The book is mainly based on new data from the Australian National University's ‘Study of Rural-Urban Migration in Vietnam with Insights from China and Indonesia’ (VRUM) project, which identifies migrants from the large-scale, representative ‘Vietnam Household Living Standards Survey’ 2012 (VHLSS2012). In addition to the data from the VRUM project, the book draws on other widely used data sources to provide a comprehensive picture of rural-urban migrants in Vietnam.By highlighting the issues and challenges brought about by the large-scale rural-urban migration in Vietnam, the book helps researchers and policymakers more effectively formulate policies to respond to those challenges. Moreover, Vietnam’s experience can serve as lessons learnt to other transitional/developing countries.

During the last decades the appearance of a family has changed substantially. Not long ago a typical family consisted of an employed man and a home-managing woman living together for their whole life times, and having one or more children, which primarily were raised by the wife.  Today differing living models are much more common than before. House husbands, late motherhood, and a delayed work entry of the children are some of the related phenomena, which at the same time are reasons for and consequences of the changed view on the favorite family. Not surprisingly, this change has provoked much scientific interest. In this book we present a collection of recent economic research work on the resources management and development of families and households respectively. Assorting three general topics, we focus on the time allocation within the household, the family structure and development, and the transition to work of young adults.

In the globalized economy, labor migration has become of central importance. A key issue in the analysis of immigration is how the migrants fare in the economy in which they migrate, and how they assimilate towards the behavior of the natives. Using data from the United States, Canada, many European countries, Australia and New Zealand, the chapters study the developments of earnings, employment, unemployment, self-employment, occupational choices and educational attainment after migration. The book also investigates the role of language in labor market integration and examines the situation of illegal, legalized and unwilling migrants. Policy effects are also studied: Among those are the effects of selection criteria of labor market success and the effects immigrants have on the public sector budget of the receiving country. Hence, the book provides a broad picture of the performance of migrants.

This study has been written during my time at the Institute of Public Finance at the Albert-Ludwigs-University of Freiburg, Germany. I am indebted to a number of people who have made this work possible. First and foremost, I thank my teacher Prof. Dr. Bernd Raffelhuschen .. with whom I had the pleasure of working for many exciting years. The German term "Doktorvater" alludes to the fatherly role of a thesis supervisor, and he has truely lived up to this role. Also, I am grateful to Prof. Dr. Dr. h. c. Hans-Hermann Francke for his co-correction and the valuable comments he has given me. In addition, I wish to thank my family. Especially, my wife, Daniela, has not only supported me with her love and affection but has also kept an eye on my discipline when the going got tough. The greatest sacri?ce in the course of working on this thesis, have been the miles and many hours away from her. Unfortunately, the yearsofmydoctoralstudieswereovershadowedbythedeathofmyfather. Tohimand mymother,Eva-MariaBorgmann,Iamimmenselygratefulfortheirloveandsupport throughout my life. Daniel Besendorfer and Erik Luth .. have been close companions and friends at the Institute of Public Finance from my ?rst days in Freiburg, and I have gained from their friendship enormously.This work has largely pro?ted from comments and suggestions of many colleagues who have also been great fun to work with. Among them, I especially thank Holger Bonin, Oliver Ehrentraut, Matthias Heidler, Stefan Fetzer, Pascal Krimmer, and Stefan Moog.

Among the concepts used to assess the sustainability of fiscal policy in a changing demographic environment, generational accounting has become the most prominent. This book gives a complete and up-to-date introduction to the theory and practice of the method. It reveals deficiencies of the original residual concept and discusses various measures of intergenerational redistribution based on the recent sustainability approach to generational accounting. An application using data on German public finances serves to provide an in-depth explanation and practical illustration of the technique. The study develops new procedures to evaluate the fiscal externalities of migration and the redistribution of net wealth among living generations resulting from Social Security reform. The book is an indispensable source of reference for analysts employing generational accounting and for those wishing to study intertemporal redistribution through fiscal policy.

The global migration potential in the world towards thehigher developed areas has been estimated to be about 80to 100 million people. Most of them would like to movepermanently. It is expected that the numbers will furthergrow in the medium-term future. Normally, the issue ofmigrationis linked to the issue of economic development. Economists, demographers andsociologists, among othersocial scientists have made only limitated effortstounderstand the causes and consequences of migration and toprovide the basis for an appropriate policy-making. The book collects eight contributions to the relevant issuesinvolved: Migration in a rational framework of decisionmaking; the performance of migrants; how they affect thesending countries; rural-urban migration in developingcountries. The options for migration policy are alsoconsidered. The book discusses newmethods to model theseproblems, provides new empirical findings and gives policyrecommendations. It should be of value to economists, demographers and sociologists.

This book evaluates the evidence on the impacts of population growth on well-being in developing countries and concludes that slowing population growth from high current levels, especially in poor, agrarian societies facing pressure on land and resources, is advantageous to economic development, health, food availablitiy, housing, poverty, the environment, and possibly education. It also concludes that while other economic and social policies may affect one or a few of these components of well-being more directly, few, if any, are likely to have the breadth of impact of family planning programmes.

This study has been written during my time at the Institute of Public Finance at the Albert-Ludwigs-University of Freiburg, Germany. I am indebted to a number of people who have made this work possible. First and foremost, I thank my teacher Prof. Dr. Bernd Raffelhuschen .. with whom I had the pleasure of working for many exciting years. The German term "Doktorvater" alludes to the fatherly role of a thesis supervisor, and he has truely lived up to this role. Also, I am grateful to Prof. Dr. Dr. h. c. Hans-Hermann Francke for his co-correction and the valuable comments he has given me. In addition, I wish to thank my family. Especially, my wife, Daniela, has not only supported me with her love and affection but has also kept an eye on my discipline when the going got tough. The greatest sacri?ce in the course of working on this thesis, have been the miles and many hours away from her. Unfortunately, the yearsofmydoctoralstudieswereovershadowedbythedeathofmyfather. Tohimand mymother,Eva-MariaBorgmann,Iamimmenselygratefulfortheirloveandsupport throughout my life. Daniel Besendorfer and Erik Luth .. have been close companions and friends at the Institute of Public Finance from my ?rst days in Freiburg, and I have gained from their friendship enormously.This work has largely pro?ted from comments and suggestions of many colleagues who have also been great fun to work with. Among them, I especially thank Holger Bonin, Oliver Ehrentraut, Matthias Heidler, Stefan Fetzer, Pascal Krimmer, and Stefan Moog.

Among the concepts used to assess the sustainability of fiscal policy in a changing demographic environment, generational accounting has become the most prominent. This book gives a complete and up-to-date introduction to the theory and practice of the method. It reveals deficiencies of the original residual concept and discusses various measures of intergenerational redistribution based on the recent sustainability approach to generational accounting. An application using data on German public finances serves to provide an in-depth explanation and practical illustration of the technique. The study develops new procedures to evaluate the fiscal externalities of migration and the redistribution of net wealth among living generations resulting from Social Security reform. The book is an indispensable source of reference for analysts employing generational accounting and for those wishing to study intertemporal redistribution through fiscal policy.

This book evaluates the evidence on the impacts of population growth on well-being in developing countries and concludes that slowing population growth from high current levels, especially in poor, agrarian societies facing pressure on land and resources, is advantageous to economic development, health, food availablitiy, housing, poverty, the environment, and possibly education. It also concludes that while other economic and social policies may affect one or a few of these components of well-being more directly, few, if any, are likely to have the breadth of impact of family planning programmes.

In the globalized economy, labor migration has become of central importance. A key issue in the analysis of immigration is how the migrants fare in the economy in which they migrate, and how they assimilate towards the behavior of the natives. Using data from the United States, Canada, many European countries, Australia and New Zealand, the chapters study the developments of earnings, employment, unemployment, self-employment, occupational choices and educational attainment after migration. The book also investigates the role of language in labor market integration and examines the situation of illegal, legalized and unwilling migrants. Policy effects are also studied: Among those are the effects of selection criteria of labor market success and the effects immigrants have on the public sector budget of the receiving country. Hence, the book provides a broad picture of the performance of migrants.

During the last decades the appearance of a family has changed substantially. Not long ago a typical family consisted of an employed man and a home-managing woman living together for their whole life times, and having one or more children, which primarily were raised by the wife.  Today differing living models are much more common than before. House husbands, late motherhood, and a delayed work entry of the children are some of the related phenomena, which at the same time are reasons for and consequences of the changed view on the favorite family. Not surprisingly, this change has provoked much scientific interest. In this book we present a collection of recent economic research work on the resources management and development of families and households respectively. Assorting three general topics, we focus on the time allocation within the household, the family structure and development, and the transition to work of young adults.

Klaus F. Zimmermann Migration has become a topic of substantial interest in Europe in recent years. Part of this interest is driven by the important political changes in East Europe and the potential threat of large East-West migration waves. However, due to the large differences in economic development a substantial migration pressure is also expected from the South of Europe as of other parts of the world. The global migration potential towards the higher developed areas has reached about 80 to 100 million people. Thereof, about 60 million would like to move permanently, 20 million temporarily and about 15 million are refugees and asylum seekers and approximately 30 million are iIIegals. The book consists of eight papers which are allocated to five parts: Theoretical Models (Part I), Performance of Migrants (Part 11), Migration Within Developing Countries (Part IV) and Immigration Policy (Part V)' Each paper begins with a brief summary of its content. Part I, Theoretical Models, contains first "A Microeconomic Zlmm.r-mann VI Model of Migration" by Siegfried Berninghaus and Hans-GUnther Seifert-Vogt. They study migration decision making under incomplete information and apply it to empirically relevant phenomena. The second paper by Gerhard Schmitt-Rink "Migration and International Factor Price Equalization" demonstrates that international migration tends to equalize national factor prices and factor shares even in the absence of international trade. In Part II, Performance of Migrants, Lucie Merkle and Klaus F.

Since 1987, the investigation of the relationship between female labour market behaviour and fertility, which forms part of the research programme of the Economic Institute / Centre for Interdisciplinary Research on Labour Market and Distribution Issues (CIAV) of Utrecht University, also became a part of the research programme of the Netherlands Interdisciplinary Demographic Institute (NIDI). Since then, I have been entrusted with research on this topic. In this context, I acted on a suggestion made by Frans Willekens to organize an international workshop, with the help of other members of the NIDI staff and with the administrative and organizational support of the NIDI. This resulted in the workshop "Female Labour Market Behaviour and Fertility: Preferences, Restrictions, Behaviour," held at the Netherlands Interdisciplinary Demographic Institute in The Hague, April 20-22, 1989, under the auspices of the European Association for Population Studies (EAPS). In this workshop, demographers, econometricians, economists, psychologists and socio­ logists discussed the paths to a truly interdisciplinary approach to the relationship between female labour market behaviour and fertility. Such an interdisciplinary approach requires a common theoretical framework. The rational-choice framework was considered to be best suited to this purpose. As a consequence, the workshop was not only structured by what was studied, but also by how it was studied. This volume consists of the papers presented at the above-mentioned workshop, as revised by the authors in collaboration with the editors.

Economic Policy in a Demographically Divided World containsthe economic analysis of the consequences of demographicchange and the diverging population developments in aninterdependent world economy in particular. The globaldivergence in demographic developments gives rise to amyriadof economic and ethical problems. This topic istreated with the help of themathematical apparatus ofneoclassical optimal growth models. The author tries todisentangle the basic policy issues of a demographicallydivided world, such as a selective immigration policy,sustainable patterns of international lending and borrowing,development aid, and dynamic optimal taxation.The most important feature of the book is that it bringstogether information and theories of fairly recent date toanalyse a practical policy problem, viz. issues related to aworld economy that is characterised by a demographicdivision. This stylised fact is hardly given some attentionin current economic theory and the book contains withrespect to this stylised fact some new results.Customers might benefit from the book by gaining intuitionconcerning principles of economic policy in a worldcharacterised by demographic change.

Serious research into the causes and implications of anaging population is a relatively recent phenomenon. Thoughseveral relevant issues of aging havereceived considerableattention in public and political discussions (especially inEuropean countries and in Japan), the economics professionis somewhat lacking behind. This is particularly true forthetheoretical underpinnings of the economics of populationaging. Until now, the aging-debate is primarily led byinstitutionalists. The present book with its analytical andeconometric studies on fiscal implications of populationaging is an important step in the process of theoreticalanalysis of aging. It is of interest both for populationeconomists (and demographers) and for public economists -providing a bridge between these areas of research.

In this book, a model of long-term interrelationshipsbetween income distribution, population growth and economicdevelopment is developed and estimated from data for 54countries. The results indicate that a reduction of incomeinequality leads to lower fertility and mortality, toimprovedbasic needs satisfaction, and to lower labour forceparticipation of young and old males and of females in Asiaand Africa. The effect of income distribution on saving andconsumption is found to be negligible. These outcomessuggest that family planning and health policies in LDCswill show better results when they are supplemented withpolicies aimed at makingthe poor benefit from economicgrowth. As regards development policy, the results indicatethat a reduction of income inequality does not impair theformation of physical capital, but enhances the formation ofhuman capital and lowers the growth rate of the labourforce.

Although the issue of migration has received substantial attention in public debate in most countries of the West, only moderately satisfactory attention has been given in the economic literature. This book analyses the case of Germany from an economic point of view. It examines questions such as: Are there substantial negative side-effects of migration, faced by native workers, as sometimes publicly claimed? Do highly skilled and unskilled natives experience different effects? Do certain foreigner national groups affect natives differently? How important is the level of education of these incoming foreigners in determining wage impacts on natives? Do native workers in some industries profit from migration, while others suffer? How is the industrial wage structure affected by migration, if at all?