Routledge Studies in Translation Technology – Serie

Technology has revolutionized the field of translation, bringing drastic changes to the way translation is studied and done. To an average user, technology is simply about clicking buttons and storing data. What we need to do is to look beyond a system’s interface to see what is at work and what should be done to make it work more efficiently. This book is both macroscopic and microscopic in approach: macroscopic as it adopts a holistic orientation when outlining the development of translation technology in the last forty years, organizing concepts in a coherent and logical way with a theoretical framework, and predicting what is to come in the years ahead; microscopic as it examines in detail the five stages of technology-oriented translation procedure and the strengths and weaknesses of the free and paid systems available to users. The Future of Translation Technology studies, among other issues: The Development of Translation Technology Major Concepts in Computer-aided Translation Functions in Computer-aided Translation Systems A Theoretical Framework for Computer-Aided Translation Studies The Future of Translation TechnologyThis book is an essential read for scholars and researchers of translational studies and computational linguistics, and a guide to system users and professionals.

This book explains the concept, framework, implementation, and evaluation of controlled document authoring in this age of translation technologies. Machine translation (MT) is routinely used in many situations, by companies, governments, and individuals. Despite recent advances, MT tools are still known to be imperfect, sometimes producing critical errors. To enhance the performance of MT, researchers and language practitioners have developed controlled languages that impose restrictions on the form or length of the source-language text. However, a fundamental, persisting problem is that both current MT systems and controlled languages deal only with the sentence as the unit of processing. To be effective, controlled languages must be contextualised at the document level, consequently enabling MT to generate outputs appropriate for their functional context within the target document. With a specific focus on Japanese municipal documents, this book establishes a framework for controlled document authoring by integrating various research strands including document formalisation, controlled language, and terminology management. It then presents the development and evaluation of an authoring support system, MuTUAL, that is designed to help non-professional writers create well-organised documents that are both readable and translatable. The book provides useful insights for researchers and practitioners interested in translation technology, technical writing, and natural language processing applications.Chapter 1, the Preface, and Bibliography of this book are freely available as downloadable Open Access PDFs at http://www.taylorfrancis.com under a Creative Commons Attribution-Non Commercial-No Derivatives (CC-BY-NC-ND) 4.0 license.

This book explains the concept, framework, implementation, and evaluation of controlled document authoring in this age of translation technologies. Machine translation (MT) is routinely used in many situations, by companies, governments, and individuals. Despite recent advances, MT tools are still known to be imperfect, sometimes producing critical errors. To enhance the performance of MT, researchers and language practitioners have developed controlled languages that impose restrictions on the form or length of the source-language text. However, a fundamental, persisting problem is that both current MT systems and controlled languages deal only with the sentence as the unit of processing. To be effective, controlled languages must be contextualised at the document level, consequently enabling MT to generate outputs appropriate for their functional context within the target document. With a specific focus on Japanese municipal documents, this book establishes a framework for controlled document authoring by integrating various research strands including document formalisation, controlled language, and terminology management. It then presents the development and evaluation of an authoring support system, MuTUAL, that is designed to help non-professional writers create well-organised documents that are both readable and translatable. The book provides useful insights for researchers and practitioners interested in translation technology, technical writing, and natural language processing applications.Chapter 1, the Preface, and Bibliography of this book are freely available as downloadable Open Access PDFs at http://www.taylorfrancis.com under a Creative Commons Attribution-Non Commercial-No Derivatives (CC-BY-NC-ND) 4.0 license.

Machine Translation (MT) has become widely used throughout the world as a medium of communication between those who live in different countries and speak different languages. However, translation between distant languages constitutes a challenge for machines. Therefore, translation evaluation is poised to play a significant role in the process of designing and developing effective MT systems. This book evaluates three prominent MT systems, including Google Translate, Microsoft Translator, and Sakhr, each of which provides translation between English and Arabic. In the book Almahasees scrutinizes the capacity of the three systems in dealing with translation between English and Arabic in a large corpus taken from various domains, including the United Nation (UN), the World Health Organization (WHO), the Arab League, Petra News Agency reports, and two literary texts: The Old Man and the Sea and The Prophet. The evaluation covers holistic analysis to assess the output of the three systems in terms of Translation Automation User Society (TAUS) adequacy and fluency scales. The text also looks at error analysis to evaluate the systems’ output in terms of orthography, lexis, grammar, and semantics at the entire-text level and in terms of lexis, grammar, and semantics at the collocation level. The research findings contained within this volume provide important feedback about the capabilities of the three MT systems with respect to English<>Arabic translation and paves the way for further research on such an important topic. This book will be of interest to scholars and students of translation studies and translation technology.

Machine translation has become increasingly popular, especially with the introduction of neural machine translation in major online translation systems. However, despite the rapid advances in machine translation, the role of a human translator remains crucial. As illustrated by the chapters in this book, man-machine interaction is essential in machine translation, localisation, terminology management, and crowdsourcing translation. In fact, the importance of a human translator before, during, and after machine processing, cannot be overemphasised as human intervention is the best way to ensure the translation quality of machine translation. This volume explores the role of a human translator in machine translation from various perspectives, affording a comprehensive look at this topical research area. This book is essential reading for anyone involved in translation studies, machine translation or interested in translation technology.

Machine Translation (MT) has become widely used throughout the world as a medium of communication between those who live in different countries and speak different languages. However, translation between distant languages constitutes a challenge for machines. Therefore, translation evaluation is poised to play a significant role in the process of designing and developing effective MT systems. This book evaluates three prominent MT systems, including Google Translate, Microsoft Translator, and Sakhr, each of which provides translation between English and Arabic. In the book Almahasees scrutinizes the capacity of the three systems in dealing with translation between English and Arabic in a large corpus taken from various domains, including the United Nation (UN), the World Health Organization (WHO), the Arab League, Petra News Agency reports, and two literary texts: The Old Man and the Sea and The Prophet. The evaluation covers holistic analysis to assess the output of the three systems in terms of Translation Automation User Society (TAUS) adequacy and fluency scales. The text also looks at error analysis to evaluate the systems’ output in terms of orthography, lexis, grammar, and semantics at the entire-text level and in terms of lexis, grammar, and semantics at the collocation level. The research findings contained within this volume provide important feedback about the capabilities of the three MT systems with respect to English<>Arabic translation and paves the way for further research on such an important topic. This book will be of interest to scholars and students of translation studies and translation technology.

This book details the process of building a Chinese-English machine translation system that automatically translates Chinese recipes into English through machine processing without human intervention (TransRecipe). This system is able to translate recipes into pictures and videos (VisualRecipe) through image technology and develop a system that generates a recipe from a video on dish preparation (GenRecipe) through deep learning. Recipe processing is covered in four parts across ten chapters. The first part, Translating Recipes, studies the machine processing of different parts of recipes for the construction of the TransRecipe system. The second part, Visualizing Recipes, is about the creation of the VisualRecipe system through image technology and a demonstration of its operations in practice. The third part, Generating Recipes, is about recipe creation through deep learning and the creation of the GenRecipe system. Lastly, the book concludes by looking into the future of recipe technology.The title is a vital read for researchers and students in translation technology, multimodal translation, and techno-humanities.Chapters 2, 8 and 9 of this book is freely available as a downloadable Open Access PDF at http://www.taylorfrancis.com under a Creative Commons Attribution-Non Commercial-No Derivatives (CC BY-NC-ND) 4.0 license.

This book is a pioneering attempt to explore the relationships between technology and the humanities through case studies and specific contexts in the areas of language, theatre, literature, translation, philosophy, music, home designations, learning environment, and artificial intelligence. Written by scholars and specialists across various fields, the chapters explore the emerging field of techno-humanities. This book examines the development of language and society by means of Big Data, how technology is integrated into the theatres of Hong Kong and the ensuing results of such integration. The authors also highlight how technology is able to analyse, understand, and visualise literary works and to bring drastic changes to translation in the past seven decades. Long-standing philosophical issues are re-examined, linkages between technology and theoretical concepts are illuminated, and the emotional aspects of computational applications are investigated. This book also delves into insightful case studies such as providing suggestions to train novice translators through corpus-assisted translation teaching, analysing patterns of housing names, and discovering a new online method to acknowledge acquisition through authentic learning experiences. Overall, this book serves as a point of departure for us to go deeper into the role of technology in transforming the humanities in this digital age.This is a useful read for students and scholars interested in learning more about the cross section between humanities and technology.

This book is a pioneering attempt to explore the relationships between technology and the humanities through case studies and specific contexts in the areas of language, theatre, literature, translation, philosophy, music, home designations, learning environment, and artificial intelligence. Written by scholars and specialists across various fields, the chapters explore the emerging field of techno-humanities. This book examines the development of language and society by means of Big Data, how technology is integrated into the theatres of Hong Kong and the ensuing results of such integration. The authors also highlight how technology is able to analyse, understand, and visualise literary works and to bring drastic changes to translation in the past seven decades. Long-standing philosophical issues are re-examined, linkages between technology and theoretical concepts are illuminated, and the emotional aspects of computational applications are investigated. This book also delves into insightful case studies such as providing suggestions to train novice translators through corpus-assisted translation teaching, analysing patterns of housing names, and discovering a new online method to acknowledge acquisition through authentic learning experiences. Overall, this book serves as a point of departure for us to go deeper into the role of technology in transforming the humanities in this digital age.This is a useful read for students and scholars interested in learning more about the cross section between humanities and technology.

A cutting-edge collection of work on the influence and application of new technologies on the study and practice of language and translation. This book analyzes the relationship between technology, language, and translation in the digital age. Language issues covered include an automatic football commentary system, the use of digital humanities in the versification of Classical Chinese poetry, the application of corpus linguistics in identity construction in Hong Kong, Cantonese speech recognition, and the use of AI in a Chabot system. Other chapters look at translation matters, such as technologies for interpreting, neural machine translation for press releases, computer-aided annotation for translator and interpreter training, and artificial intelligence and translation. As language and translation are closely intertwined, together, these chapters illustrate the drastic changes that technology has brought to these combined areas. A vital resource for scholars and students studying the impact of technology on language and translation.

A cutting-edge collection of work on the influence and application of new technologies on the study and practice of language and translation. This book analyzes the relationship between technology, language, and translation in the digital age. Language issues covered include an automatic football commentary system, the use of digital humanities in the versification of Classical Chinese poetry, the application of corpus linguistics in identity construction in Hong Kong, Cantonese speech recognition, and the use of AI in a Chabot system. Other chapters look at translation matters, such as technologies for interpreting, neural machine translation for press releases, computer-aided annotation for translator and interpreter training, and artificial intelligence and translation. As language and translation are closely intertwined, together, these chapters illustrate the drastic changes that technology has brought to these combined areas. A vital resource for scholars and students studying the impact of technology on language and translation.

Sun, Liu, Moratto, and the team of contributors provide an in-depth exploration of the implications of artificial intelligence (AI) in the ever-evolving field of translation studies.With key insights to inform future research on this rapidly evolving field in translation, this book offers a comprehensive understanding of the implications of AI, particularly ChatGPT, across technical, pedagogical, and ethical dimensions. From the evolution of translation competence and quality assessment to methodological shifts in research and pedagogy, the authors shed light on the capabilities and limitations of AI, offering insights into its potential within the realm of translation studies. With fresh perspectives on the intersection of AI and translation studies, the chapters cover critical topics such as evaluating translation quality, translator training, corpus translation studies, and ethical considerations in translation education.By systematically unpacking the implications of AI, this book offers valuable insights for researchers, educators, and practitioners interested in translation and interpreting studies, machine-learning, and the role of AI in translator training and education.

Sun, Liu, Moratto, and the team of contributors provide an in-depth exploration of the implications of artificial intelligence (AI) in the ever-evolving field of translation studies.With key insights to inform future research on this rapidly evolving field in translation, this book offers a comprehensive understanding of the implications of AI, particularly ChatGPT, across technical, pedagogical, and ethical dimensions. From the evolution of translation competence and quality assessment to methodological shifts in research and pedagogy, the authors shed light on the capabilities and limitations of AI, offering insights into its potential within the realm of translation studies. With fresh perspectives on the intersection of AI and translation studies, the chapters cover critical topics such as evaluating translation quality, translator training, corpus translation studies, and ethical considerations in translation education.By systematically unpacking the implications of AI, this book offers valuable insights for researchers, educators, and practitioners interested in translation and interpreting studies, machine-learning, and the role of AI in translator training and education.

Chan writes about his own journey from traditional humanities to an embrace of techno-humanities. Through revisiting his past publications, Chan argues that keeping pace with technological changes that are taking place in academia as well as the digital world in which we live has become imperative.This book traces the author's journey from the study modern Chinese history and then through his transition into translation studies as an academic discipline. Reflecting on his practical experience as a translator as well as his work developing dictionaries and encyclopedias, this book presents his contributions to translation technology alongside his efforts to establish techno-humanities as a vital research area. Ultimately, it argues that the integration of technology and humanities represents an inevitable and the embracing of techno-humanities as not just a common understanding, but a universal action and major trend.This book will be of interest to scholars and researchers of artificial intelligence and translation studies as well as academics in the history of science and technology.

Machine translation has become increasingly popular, especially with the introduction of neural machine translation in major online translation systems. However, despite the rapid advances in machine translation, the role of a human translator remains crucial. As illustrated by the chapters in this book, man-machine interaction is essential in machine translation, localisation, terminology management, and crowdsourcing translation. In fact, the importance of a human translator before, during, and after machine processing, cannot be overemphasised as human intervention is the best way to ensure the translation quality of machine translation. This volume explores the role of a human translator in machine translation from various perspectives, affording a comprehensive look at this topical research area. This book is essential reading for anyone involved in translation studies, machine translation or interested in translation technology.