Series in Anxiety and Related Disorders – serie

A great bene?t of being a clinical child psychologist is the opportunity to conduct and review research on fascinating areas of human, youthful behavior. And perhaps no behavior is as central to human existence as social behavior, and the lack thereof. In writing this book, therefore, I have been doubly blessed with the chance to examine seminal works on behaviors that are so critical to the development and quality of life of children. This book covers the major historical aspects, characteristics, asse- ment strategies, and psychological treatment techniques for youths with social anxiety and social phobia. Chapter 1 provides an introduction to the related constructs and history of social phobia. Chapters 2 and 3 provide a summary of the characteristics and etiological variables that pertain most to youths with social anxiety and social phobia. Chapters 4 and 5 provide an overview of research- and clinically-based assessment strategies and recommendations for this population. Chapters 6–9 provide a description of treatment techniques that are most relevant and empirically supported for youths with social anxiety and social phobia. Chapter 10 covers issues regarding general and relapse prevention as well as dif?cult cases and future directions.

Few syndromes in psychopathology generate as much popular curiosity and clinical exploration as does obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD). Since the 1970s, research on OCD has increased exponentially. Speci?c advances include an improved grasp of the heterogeneity of the disorder, identi?cation of putative subtyping schemes, and the development of increasingly sophisticated theoretical models of the etiology and maintenance. Perhaps most importantly, research has led to advances in treatment; andwhereasthe?rstlinetherapies(cognitive-behaviortherapyandserotonergicm- ication) are not entirely effective for every sufferer, they have transformed OCD from an unmanageable lifetime af?iction into a treatable problem that need not reduce quality of life. Despite the aforementioned advances, there have emerged a number of sharp disagreements concerning OCD. Differences have surfaced over phenomenological issues, etiological models, and approaches to treatment, and often occur (but not exclusively) along disciplinary lines between biologically oriented and cogniti- behaviorally oriented authorities. For example, medical approaches posit that abn- mal biological processes cause OCD, whereas psychosocial formulations emphasize the role of learning and dysfunctional cognitions. Yet because theoretical conjecture andempirical?ndingsfromwithineachtraditionaretypicallyaddressedtowardd- tinct and narrow audiences, clinicians, researchers, and students with broad interests are hindered from gaining a clear grasp of the diverse (and sometimes polarized) perspectives.

For many years, cognitive-behavioral techniques have been at the forefront of treatment for anxiety disorders. More recently, strategies rooted in Eastern concepts of acceptance and mindfulness have have demonstrated some promise in treating anxiety, especially in tandem with CBT. Now, with Acceptance-Based Behavioral Therapies for Anxiety, thirty expert clinicians and researchers present a comprehensive guide to integrating these powerful complementary approaches—where they match, when they differ, and why they work so well together.Chapter authors clearly place mindfulness and acceptance into the clinical lexicon, establishing links with established traditions, including emotion theory and experiential therapy. In addition, separate chapters discuss specific anxiety disorders, the current state of treatment for each, and practical ways of integrating acceptance and mindfulness approaches into therapy.

Never has our culture been more aware of personal and global health hazards, from both within and without. While most people may feel some anxiety in this regard, some have an unbearable sense of dread that prevents them from functioning.Chronic health anxiety—heightened fears of illness, disease, and death—is a central feature of hypochondriasis, of course, but can also present as depression, generalized anxiety disorder, OCD, and other diagnoses. Treating Health Anxiety offers the professional reader not only an understanding of this condition, but also an easily implemented cognitive behavioral program for reducing fear of illness, overcoming fear of death, and getting more enjoyment from life, including:-Step-by-step coverage of the assessment process and therapy sessions-Client worksheets and self-monitoring forms-Specific guidelines for treating health anxiety in children and the elderly-Strategies for handling impasses and setbacks -Up-to-date guide to pharmacotherapy for health anxiety.As media attention to health issues increases, client fears of illness won’t go away any time soon. Treating Health Anxiety gives prescribing and non-prescribing clinicians (as well as the counselors and social workers who encounter the problem) the tools to reduce both the fears and the medical costs that so often accompany them.

The first and perhaps most important step in writing a treatment manual for use in clinical practice is to clearly explicate the logic of how the treatment, and hence the book, should be organized. Accordingly, our goal in this section is to lay out the structure of cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT) for trichotillomania (TTM) and other body-focused impulse control disorders, clearly explaining critical decisions such as the chosen sequence of techniques or whether a given technique is considered a core component or a module to be used in some but not all cases. The structure of this particular book is influenced by the work of experts who have gone before us in pioneering CBT for TTM, and is also informed by over a decade of our own clinical work and research on TTM across the developmental spectrum. We are indebted to those who developed this approach to treatment and also to those who built the extant literature on the psychopathology of TTM and related disorders. These clinicians and researchers did so in order to help alle- ate the suffering of those afflicted with these conditions, and we endeavor to f- low in their footsteps in continuing this important work.

“It takes my worries away…it helps me unwind when I’m tense…”Those with an anxiety disorder are at two to five times greater risk of having an alcohol or drug use disorder than those without an anxiety disorder. And although anxiety disorders are among the most common co-occurring conditions affecting people with substance issues, mainstream methods often fail to treat both halves of the picture.Anxiety and Substance Use Disorders: The Vicious Cycle of Comorbidity addresses this gap with dispatches from the frontlines of research and treatment. Thirty-four international experts offer findings, theories, and intervention strategies for this common form of dual disorder both across types of substances (alcohol, tobacco, street and prescription drugs) and the range of anxiety disorders (PTSD, social phobia, panic disorder, OCD) to give the reader comprehensive knowledge in a practical format. Informed by the reciprocal relationship between the two types of disorders (such as the contributions of substance abuse to anxiety-related symptoms), the book: Brings together neurobiological, psychosocial, and cognitive perspectives on its subject; Outlines theoretical models of co-occurring anxiety and substance abuse, its epidemiology, and etiology; Offers up-to-date research findings on the nature, origins, and treatment of specific combinations of substance use and anxiety disorders; Presents detailed reviews of emerging targeted treatment methods—including cognitive-behavioral, personality-based, and medical interventions—with latest data on their efficacy; Pinpoints future directions in understanding and treating the dually diagnosed.This integrative approach makes Anxiety and Substance Use Disorders: The Vicious Cycle of Comorbidity an important resource for all mental health professionals. It will also serve as an excellent clinical text."The first of its kind in providing a critical review of theemerging literature addressing such co-morbid conditions, this book is an excellent step in providing researchers and clinicians with guidance in the understanding and treatment of this complicated presentation. Overall, the current volume will likely be instrumental in further advancing the field of co-occurring anxiety and substance use disorders." -Lindsay S. Ham, Florida International University, Book Review Editor for Anxiety Disorders: A Quarterly Report, Association for Behavioral and Cognitive Therapies

The amount of research on the prevalence and nature of various forms of anxiety disorders, problematic health behaviors, and physical illness has significantly accumulated, yet there has been no systematic integration of the research in science and practice.Anxiety in Health Behaviors and Physical Illness is a single resource that offers theoretical perspectives and reviews of research on the link between health behaviors and physical illness to anxiety. The authors explore the idea of reciprocal relations between anxiety and health factors throughout the developmental course. Special attention is devoted to the mechanisms by which certain health factors (e.g. physical exercise) may play a role in the onset or maintenance of particular anxiety disorders.

One of the hallmarks of generalized anxiety disorder, along with diffuse pathological worry and somatic complaints, is its resistance to therapy. Of available treatment modalities for GAD, cognitive-behavioral therapy garners the best empirical support in terms of successful long-term results. Psychological Approaches to Generalized Anxiety Disorder offers clinicians a wide variety of CBT strategies to help clients develop core anxiety-reduction skills, presented so that readers can hone their own clinical skills.Concise without skimping on information, this book reviews current theory and research, addresses important diagnostic issues, and provides salient details in these key areas: Assessment procedures and treatment planning; Latest therapy outcome data, including findings on newer therapies; Specific CBT techniques, including cognitive strategies, psychoeducation, anxiety monitoring, relaxation exercises, and more; Dealing with noncompliance, client ambivalence, and other challenges to therapy; Special considerations for treating older adults with GAD; Relapse prevention, transition issues, and ending treatment.Psychological Approaches to Generalized Anxiety Disorder has much information of interest to new and seasoned clinicians, clinical researchers, and academic psychologists. It is also an especially valuable reference for graduate students treating or studying the anxiety spectrum.

Extensive studies have shown cognitive-behavioral therapy to be highly effective in treating anxiety disorders, improving patients’ social functioning, job performance, and quality of life. Yet every CBT clinician faces some amount of client resistance, whether in the form of “This won’t work”, “I’m too depressed”, or even “You can’t make me!” Avoiding Treatment Failures in the Anxiety Disorders analyzes the challenges presented by non-compliance, and provides disorder- and population-specific guidance in addressing the impasses and removing the obstacles that derail therapy. Making use of extensive clinical expertise and current empirical findings, expert contributors offer cutting-edge understanding of the causes of treatment complications—and innovative strategies for their resolution—in key areas, including:The therapeutic allianceThe full range of anxiety disorders (i.e., panic, PTSD, GAD)Comorbidity issues (i.e., depression, personality disorders, eating disorders, substance abuse, and chronic medical illness)Combined CBT/pharmacological treatmentEthnic, cultural, and religious factorsIssues specific to children and adolescents.Both comprehensive, and accessible, Avoiding Treatment Failures in the Anxiety Disorders will be welcomed by new and seasoned clinicians alike. The window it opens onto this class of disorders, plus the insights into how and why this treatment works, will also be of interest to those involved in clinical research.

The statistics show that as much as twenty percent of the population suffers from chronic insomnia—and one-fourth of those with the condition eventually develop an anxiety disorder. As comorbid conditions, they contribute to any number of physical and social problems. Yet too often insomnia is undiagnosed, or treated as merely a symptom of the patient’s anxiety.Insomnia and Anxiety is the first clinician guidebook that considers the evaluation and management of insomnia and related sleep disturbances that occur conjointly with the common anxiety disorders. By exploring the ways that one condition may exacerbate the other, its authors present robust evidence of the limitations of viewing insomnia as secondary to GAD, agoraphobia, PTSD, and others in the anxiety spectrum. The book reviews cognitive and emotional factors common to anxiety and sleep disorders, and models a cognitive-behavioral approach to therapy in which improved sleep is a foundation for improved symptom management. Beginning and veteran practitioners alike will find vital insights into all areas of these challenging cases, including:Diagnostic and assessment guidelines.Cognitive-behavior therapy for insomnia.Behavioral strategies for managing insomnia in the context of anxiety.Cognitive strategies for managing comorbid anxiety and insomnia.Sleep-related cognitive processes.Pharmacological treatment considerations.Insomnia and Anxiety is highly useful to clinical psychologists given the range of treatment strategies it describes and to researchers because of its emphasis on the theoretical and empirical bases for its interventions. In addition, its accessible style makes it an excellent training tool for students of therapy and psychopathology.

Few syndromes in psychopathology generate as much popular curiosity and clinical exploration as does obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD). Since the 1970s, research on OCD has increased exponentially. Speci?c advances include an improved grasp of the heterogeneity of the disorder, identi?cation of putative subtyping schemes, and the development of increasingly sophisticated theoretical models of the etiology and maintenance. Perhaps most importantly, research has led to advances in treatment; andwhereasthe?rstlinetherapies(cognitive-behaviortherapyandserotonergicm- ication) are not entirely effective for every sufferer, they have transformed OCD from an unmanageable lifetime af?iction into a treatable problem that need not reduce quality of life. Despite the aforementioned advances, there have emerged a number of sharp disagreements concerning OCD. Differences have surfaced over phenomenological issues, etiological models, and approaches to treatment, and often occur (but not exclusively) along disciplinary lines between biologically oriented and cogniti- behaviorally oriented authorities. For example, medical approaches posit that abn- mal biological processes cause OCD, whereas psychosocial formulations emphasize the role of learning and dysfunctional cognitions. Yet because theoretical conjecture andempirical?ndingsfromwithineachtraditionaretypicallyaddressedtowardd- tinct and narrow audiences, clinicians, researchers, and students with broad interests are hindered from gaining a clear grasp of the diverse (and sometimes polarized) perspectives.

Never has our culture been more aware of personal and global health hazards, from both within and without. While most people may feel some anxiety in this regard, some have an unbearable sense of dread that prevents them from functioning.Chronic health anxiety—heightened fears of illness, disease, and death—is a central feature of hypochondriasis, of course, but can also present as depression, generalized anxiety disorder, OCD, and other diagnoses. Treating Health Anxiety offers the professional reader not only an understanding of this condition, but also an easily implemented cognitive behavioral program for reducing fear of illness, overcoming fear of death, and getting more enjoyment from life, including:-Step-by-step coverage of the assessment process and therapy sessions-Client worksheets and self-monitoring forms-Specific guidelines for treating health anxiety in children and the elderly-Strategies for handling impasses and setbacks -Up-to-date guide to pharmacotherapy for health anxiety.As media attention to health issues increases, client fears of illness won’t go away any time soon. Treating Health Anxiety gives prescribing and non-prescribing clinicians (as well as the counselors and social workers who encounter the problem) the tools to reduce both the fears and the medical costs that so often accompany them.

The first and perhaps most important step in writing a treatment manual for use in clinical practice is to clearly explicate the logic of how the treatment, and hence the book, should be organized. Accordingly, our goal in this section is to lay out the structure of cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT) for trichotillomania (TTM) and other body-focused impulse control disorders, clearly explaining critical decisions such as the chosen sequence of techniques or whether a given technique is considered a core component or a module to be used in some but not all cases. The structure of this particular book is influenced by the work of experts who have gone before us in pioneering CBT for TTM, and is also informed by over a decade of our own clinical work and research on TTM across the developmental spectrum. We are indebted to those who developed this approach to treatment and also to those who built the extant literature on the psychopathology of TTM and related disorders. These clinicians and researchers did so in order to help alle- ate the suffering of those afflicted with these conditions, and we endeavor to f- low in their footsteps in continuing this important work.

The amount of research on the prevalence and nature of various forms of anxiety disorders, problematic health behaviors, and physical illness has significantly accumulated, yet there has been no systematic integration of the research in science and practice.Anxiety in Health Behaviors and Physical Illness is a single resource that offers theoretical perspectives and reviews of research on the link between health behaviors and physical illness to anxiety. The authors explore the idea of reciprocal relations between anxiety and health factors throughout the developmental course. Special attention is devoted to the mechanisms by which certain health factors (e.g. physical exercise) may play a role in the onset or maintenance of particular anxiety disorders.

A great bene?t of being a clinical child psychologist is the opportunity to conduct and review research on fascinating areas of human, youthful behavior. And perhaps no behavior is as central to human existence as social behavior, and the lack thereof. In writing this book, therefore, I have been doubly blessed with the chance to examine seminal works on behaviors that are so critical to the development and quality of life of children. This book covers the major historical aspects, characteristics, asse- ment strategies, and psychological treatment techniques for youths with social anxiety and social phobia. Chapter 1 provides an introduction to the related constructs and history of social phobia. Chapters 2 and 3 provide a summary of the characteristics and etiological variables that pertain most to youths with social anxiety and social phobia. Chapters 4 and 5 provide an overview of research- and clinically-based assessment strategies and recommendations for this population. Chapters 6–9 provide a description of treatment techniques that are most relevant and empirically supported for youths with social anxiety and social phobia. Chapter 10 covers issues regarding general and relapse prevention as well as dif?cult cases and future directions.

For many years, cognitive-behavioral techniques have been at the forefront of treatment for anxiety disorders. More recently, strategies rooted in Eastern concepts of acceptance and mindfulness have have demonstrated some promise in treating anxiety, especially in tandem with CBT. Now, with Acceptance-Based Behavioral Therapies for Anxiety, thirty expert clinicians and researchers present a comprehensive guide to integrating these powerful complementary approaches—where they match, when they differ, and why they work so well together.Chapter authors clearly place mindfulness and acceptance into the clinical lexicon, establishing links with established traditions, including emotion theory and experiential therapy. In addition, separate chapters discuss specific anxiety disorders, the current state of treatment for each, and practical ways of integrating acceptance and mindfulness approaches into therapy.

“It takes my worries away…it helps me unwind when I’m tense…”Those with an anxiety disorder are at two to five times greater risk of having an alcohol or drug use disorder than those without an anxiety disorder. And although anxiety disorders are among the most common co-occurring conditions affecting people with substance issues, mainstream methods often fail to treat both halves of the picture.Anxiety and Substance Use Disorders: The Vicious Cycle of Comorbidity addresses this gap with dispatches from the frontlines of research and treatment. Thirty-four international experts offer findings, theories, and intervention strategies for this common form of dual disorder both across types of substances (alcohol, tobacco, street and prescription drugs) and the range of anxiety disorders (PTSD, social phobia, panic disorder, OCD) to give the reader comprehensive knowledge in a practical format. Informed by the reciprocal relationship between the two types of disorders (such as the contributions of substance abuse to anxiety-related symptoms), the book: Brings together neurobiological, psychosocial, and cognitive perspectives on its subject; Outlines theoretical models of co-occurring anxiety and substance abuse, its epidemiology, and etiology; Offers up-to-date research findings on the nature, origins, and treatment of specific combinations of substance use and anxiety disorders; Presents detailed reviews of emerging targeted treatment methods—including cognitive-behavioral, personality-based, and medical interventions—with latest data on their efficacy; Pinpoints future directions in understanding and treating the dually diagnosed.This integrative approach makes Anxiety and Substance Use Disorders: The Vicious Cycle of Comorbidity an important resource for all mental health professionals. It will also serve as an excellent clinical text."The first of its kind in providing a critical review of theemerging literature addressing such co-morbid conditions, this book is an excellent step in providing researchers and clinicians with guidance in the understanding and treatment of this complicated presentation. Overall, the current volume will likely be instrumental in further advancing the field of co-occurring anxiety and substance use disorders." -Lindsay S. Ham, Florida International University, Book Review Editor for Anxiety Disorders: A Quarterly Report, Association for Behavioral and Cognitive Therapies

One of the hallmarks of generalized anxiety disorder, along with diffuse pathological worry and somatic complaints, is its resistance to therapy. Of available treatment modalities for GAD, cognitive-behavioral therapy garners the best empirical support in terms of successful long-term results. Psychological Approaches to Generalized Anxiety Disorder offers clinicians a wide variety of CBT strategies to help clients develop core anxiety-reduction skills, presented so that readers can hone their own clinical skills.Concise without skimping on information, this book reviews current theory and research, addresses important diagnostic issues, and provides salient details in these key areas: Assessment procedures and treatment planning; Latest therapy outcome data, including findings on newer therapies; Specific CBT techniques, including cognitive strategies, psychoeducation, anxiety monitoring, relaxation exercises, and more; Dealing with noncompliance, client ambivalence, and other challenges to therapy; Special considerations for treating older adults with GAD; Relapse prevention, transition issues, and ending treatment.Psychological Approaches to Generalized Anxiety Disorder has much information of interest to new and seasoned clinicians, clinical researchers, and academic psychologists. It is also an especially valuable reference for graduate students treating or studying the anxiety spectrum.

Extensive studies have shown cognitive-behavioral therapy to be highly effective in treating anxiety disorders, improving patients’ social functioning, job performance, and quality of life. Yet every CBT clinician faces some amount of client resistance, whether in the form of “This won’t work”, “I’m too depressed”, or even “You can’t make me!” Avoiding Treatment Failures in the Anxiety Disorders analyzes the challenges presented by non-compliance, and provides disorder- and population-specific guidance in addressing the impasses and removing the obstacles that derail therapy. Making use of extensive clinical expertise and current empirical findings, expert contributors offer cutting-edge understanding of the causes of treatment complications—and innovative strategies for their resolution—in key areas, including:The therapeutic allianceThe full range of anxiety disorders (i.e., panic, PTSD, GAD)Comorbidity issues (i.e., depression, personality disorders, eating disorders, substance abuse, and chronic medical illness)Combined CBT/pharmacological treatmentEthnic, cultural, and religious factorsIssues specific to children and adolescents.Both comprehensive, and accessible, Avoiding Treatment Failures in the Anxiety Disorders will be welcomed by new and seasoned clinicians alike. The window it opens onto this class of disorders, plus the insights into how and why this treatment works, will also be of interest to those involved in clinical research.

The statistics show that as much as twenty percent of the population suffers from chronic insomnia—and one-fourth of those with the condition eventually develop an anxiety disorder. As comorbid conditions, they contribute to any number of physical and social problems. Yet too often insomnia is undiagnosed, or treated as merely a symptom of the patient’s anxiety.Insomnia and Anxiety is the first clinician guidebook that considers the evaluation and management of insomnia and related sleep disturbances that occur conjointly with the common anxiety disorders. By exploring the ways that one condition may exacerbate the other, its authors present robust evidence of the limitations of viewing insomnia as secondary to GAD, agoraphobia, PTSD, and others in the anxiety spectrum. The book reviews cognitive and emotional factors common to anxiety and sleep disorders, and models a cognitive-behavioral approach to therapy in which improved sleep is a foundation for improved symptom management. Beginning and veteran practitioners alike will find vital insights into all areas of these challenging cases, including:Diagnostic and assessment guidelines.Cognitive-behavior therapy for insomnia.Behavioral strategies for managing insomnia in the context of anxiety.Cognitive strategies for managing comorbid anxiety and insomnia.Sleep-related cognitive processes.Pharmacological treatment considerations.Insomnia and Anxiety is highly useful to clinical psychologists given the range of treatment strategies it describes and to researchers because of its emphasis on the theoretical and empirical bases for its interventions. In addition, its accessible style makes it an excellent training tool for students of therapy and psychopathology.

The interactive computer-generated world of virtual reality has been successful in treat­ing phobias and other anxiety-related conditions, in part because of its distinct advan­tages over traditional in vivo exposure. Yet many clinicians still think of VR technology as it was in the 1990s–bulky, costly, technically difficult–with little knowledge of its evolution toward more modern, evidence-based, practice-friendly treatment.These updates, and their clinical usefulness, are the subject of Advances in Virtual Re­ality and Anxiety Disorders, a timely guidebook geared toward integrating up-to-date VR methods into everyday practice. Introductory material covers key virtual reality concepts, provides a brief history of VR as used in therapy for anxiety disorders, ad­dresses the concept of presence, and explains the side effects, known as cybersickness, that affect a small percentage of clients. Chapters in the book's main section detail current techniques and review study findings for using VR in the treatment of:·                     Claustrophobia.·                     Panic disorder, agoraphobia, and driving phobia.·                     Acrophobia and aviophobia.·                    Arachnophobia.·                     Social phobia.·                     Generalized anxiety disorder and OCD.·                     PTSD.·                     Plus clinical guidelines for establishing a VR clinic.An in-depth framework for effective (and cost-effective) therapeutic innovations for entrenched problems, Advances in Virtual Reality and Anxiety Disorders will find an engaged audience among psychologists, psychiatrists, social workers, and mental health counselors.eractive