Signals and Communication Technology – serie

Imaging for Forensics and Security: From Theory to Practice provides a detailed analysis of new imaging and pattern recognition techniques for the understanding and deployment of biometrics and forensic techniques as practical solutions to increase security. It contains a collection of the recent advances in the technology ranging from theory, design, and implementation to performance evaluation of biometric and forensic systems. This book also contains new methods such as the multiscale approach, directional filter bank, and wavelet maxima for the development of practical solutions to biometric problems.The book introduces a new forensic system based on shoeprint imagery with advanced techniques for use in forensics applications. It also presents the concept of protecting the originality of biometric images stored in databases against intentional and unintentional attacks and fraud detection data in order to further increase the security.

Grid architectures, which are viewed as tools for the integration of distributed resources, play a significant role as managers of computational resources, but also as aggregators of measurement instrumentation and pervasive large-scale data acquisition platforms.  The functionality of a grid architecture allows managing, maintaining, and exploiting hetereogeneous instrumentation and acquisition devices in a unifed way by providing standardized interfaces and common work environments to their users.  This result is achieved through the properties of isolation from the physical network and from the peculiarites of the instrumentation granted by standard middleware together with secure and flexibile mechanisms which seek, access, and aggregate distributed resources.This book focuses on a number of aspects related to the effective exploitation of remote instrumentation on the grid.  These include middleware architecture, high speed networking in support of grid applications, wireless grid for acquisition devices and sensor networks, quality of service provisioning for real time control, and measurement instrumentation.

The book shows how digital-interactive television (digiTV) will affect the relation between the broadcaster and the consumer. Standardization processes, technological paradigms, and application development issues will be discussed. The emerging applications, innovations, and future concepts are described in detail. The triangle: content - end-user - technology will be conceptualized to create a vision and to overview provision of services that will be major innovative elments in the world of digital television. From the technical side, eXtensible Markup Language (XML)-based metadata standards are a major element in realizing new innovative concepts in the world of digital, intereacive television. This book clearly shows by the introduction of applications and use-scenarios, which conceptual requirements and metadata models are applicable, which metadata subsets are applicable due to resource limitations, which metadata aspects are needed for non -linear content viewing, etc. The book gives a broad and detailed both visionary and technical overview useful for graduates, engineers, and scientists; and last but not least decision-makers in the broadcasting industry. USP: -Visionary 21

Human Factors and Voice Interactive Systems, Second Edition provides in-depth information on current topics of major interest to speech application developers,  and updates material from chapters that appeared in the previous edition.The first nine chapters of the book cover issues related to interactive voice response systems, including both mobile and multimodal device user interfaces as well as classic automated telephone systems. The remaining chapters cover special topics including synthetic speech and the design of speech applications to enhance accessibility to people with disabilities and the ever-growing population of older adults. Human Factors and Voice Interactive Systems, Second Edition is a collection of applied research and scholarly synthesis contributions by seasoned professionals in the field that highlight continuing efforts to study human interaction with speech technologies.

Multimedia Database Retrieval: A Human-Centered Approach presents thelatest development in user-centered methods and the state-of-the-art invisual media retrieval.  It includes discussion on perceptually inspirednon-linear paradigm in user-controlled interactive retrieval (UCIR)systems. It also features a coherent approach which focuses on specific topicswithin content/concept-based retrievals via audio-visual information modelingof multimedia.Highlights include:* Exploring an adaptive machine that can learn from itsenvironment* Optimizing the learning system by incorporating self-organizingadaptation into the retrieval process* Demonstrating state-of-the-art applications within small,medium, and large databasesThe authors also include applications related to Digital AssetManagement (DAM), Computer Aided Referral (CAR) System, GeographicalDatabase Retrieval, retrieval of Art Documents, and Films and VideoRetrieval. Multimedia Database Retrieval: A Human-Centered Approach presents thefundamental and advanced aspects of these topics, as well as thephilosophical directions in the field.  The methods detailed in thisbook possess broad applications which will advance the technology inthis fast developing topical area.

Adaptive Nonlinear System Identification: The Volterra and Wiener Model Approaches introduces engineers and researchers to the field of nonlinear adaptive system identification. The book includes recent research results in the area of adaptive nonlinear system identification and presents simple, concise, easy-to-understand methods for identifying nonlinear systems. These methods use adaptive filter algorithms that are well known for linear systems identification. They are applicable for nonlinear systems that can be efficiently modeled by polynomials.After a brief introduction to nonlinear systems and to adaptive system identification, the author presents the discrete Volterra model approach. This is followed by an explanation of the Wiener model approach. Adaptive algorithms using both models are developed. The performance of the two methods are then compared to determine which model performs better for system identification applications. Adaptive Nonlinear System Identification: The Volterra and Wiener Model Approaches is useful to graduates students, engineers and researchers in the areas of nonlinear systems, control, biomedical systems and in adaptive signal processing.

Foundations and Applications of Sensor Management presents the emerging theory of sensor management with applications to real-world examples such as landmine detection, adaptive signal and image sampling, multi-target tracking, and radar waveform scheduling. It is written by leading experts in the field for a diverse engineering audience ranging from signal processing, to automatic control, statistics, and machine learning. The level of treatment of the book is tutorial and self-contained. The chapters of the book follow a logical development from theoretical foundations to approximate approaches and ending with applications. The coverage includes the following topics: stochastic control foundations of sensor management; multi-armed bandits and their connections to sensor management; information-theoretic approaches; managed sensing for multi-target tracking; approximation methods based on embedded simulation; active learning for classification and sampling; and waveform scheduling for radar. An appendix is included to provide essential background on topics the reader may not have encountered as a first-year graduate student: Markov decision processes; information theory; and stopping times.Foundations and Applications of Sensor Management is an important reference for signal processing and control engineers and researchers as well as machine learning application developers.

This book identifies vulnerabilities in the physical layer, the MAC layer, the IP layer, the transport layer, and the application layer, of wireless networks, and discusses ways to strengthen security mechanisms and services. Topics covered include intrusion detection, secure PHY/MAC/routing protocols, attacks and prevention, immunization, key management, secure group communications and multicast, secure location services, monitoring and surveillance, anonymity, privacy, trust establishment/management, redundancy and security, and dependable wireless networking.

Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing for Wireless Communications is an edited volume with contributions by leading authorities in the subject of OFDM. Its coverage consists of principles, important wireless topics (e.g. Synchronization, channel estimation, etc.) and techniques. Included is information for advancing wireless communication in a multipath environment with an emphasis on implementation of OFDM in base stations.Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing for Wireless Communications provides a comprehensive introduction of the theory and practice of OFDM. To facilitate the readers, extensive subject indices and references are given at the end of the book. Even though each chapter is written by different experts, symbols and notations in all chapters of the book are consistent.

Distributed Cooperative Laboratories: Networking, Instrumentation, and Measurements is devoted to the investigation of the main issues related to the sustainable realization of tele-laboratories, where real and virtual instrumentation can be shared and used in a collaborative environment. This is a highly interdisciplinary topic, where various aspects converge: multimedia communications and networking, sensor networks, Grid technology, Quality of Service (QoS) provisioning and control, network management, measurement instrumentation and methodology, architecture of measurement systems. The book contains peer reviewed chapters organized into six parts: Technologies for Real-Time Interactive Multimedia Communications; Monitoring, Management and Configuration of Networks and Networking Devices; Data Acquisition and Aggregation in Sensor Networks; Grid Structures for Distributed Cooperative Laboratories; Architectures and Techniques for Tele-Measurements; and Virtual Immersive Communications and Distance Learning. Each chapter presents a self-contained treatment, within a framework that provides the reader with an up-to-date picture of the state-of-the-art and of the most recent developments of this multi-faceted topic.

Cryptographic solutions using software methods can be used for those security applications where data traffic is not too large and low encryption rate is tolerable. On the other hand, hardware methods offer high-speed solutions making them highly suitable for applications where data traffic is fast and large data is required to be encrypted in real time. VLSI (also known as ASIC), and FPGAs (Field Programmable Gate Arrays) are two alternatives for implementing cryptographic algorithms in hardware. FPGAs offer several benefits for cryptographic algorithm implementations over VLSI as they offer high flexibility. Due to its reconfigurable property, keys can be changed rapidly. Moreover, basic primitives in most cryptographic algorithms can efficiently be implemented in FPGAs.Since the invention of the Data Encryption Standard (DES), some 40 years ago, a considerable amount of cryptographic algorithm implementation literature has been produced both, for software and hardware platforms. Unfortunately, virtually there exists no book explaining how the main cryptographic algorithms can be implemented on reconfigurable hardware devices.This book will cover the study of computational methods, computer arithmetic algorithms, and design improvement techniques needed to implement efficient cryptographic algorithms in FPGA reconfigurable hardware platforms. The concepts and techniques to be reviewed in this book will make special emphasis on the practical aspects of reconfigurable hardware design, explaining the basic mathematics related and giving a comprehensive description of state-of-the-art implementation techniques. Thus, the main goal of this monograph is to show how high-speed cryptographic algorithms implementations can be achieved on reconfigurable hardware devices without posing prohibited high requirements for hardware resources.

Broadband Fixed Wireless Access provides a systematic overview of the emerging WiMAX technology, and much of the material is based on the practical experiences of the authors in building new systems. This material will be of significant interest to network architects and developers of broadband fixed wireless access products.  With the advent of the IEEE 802.16 standard (has the standard or any part of it been adopted or is likely to be adopted soon?) and next generation equipment, this technology has been growing in interest. The authors discuss applications at microwave frequencies between 2 and 11 GHz that could be attractive options for operators without an existing access infrastructure for reaching end users. This introductory volume demystifies the technology and provides technical exposure to the various system trade-offs. Additionally, the book features the following highlights:- Detailed modeling of broadband fixed wireless access propagation channel, including new measurements for its time variation- An extensive overview of the IEEE 802.16 standard- A tutorial on implementation challenges for WiMAX terminals- Discussion of the suitability of various multi-antenna techniques- Elaboration of various techniques, i.e. autodirecting antennas, bridging with WLAN, and multi-hop networking, that can be used to reduce the cost of ownership of a WiMAX network for an operatorThe authors cover a wide range of topics, from network deployment to implementation of terminals. Wireless professionals will gain a head start from the information on WiMAX technology. This is a must read book when starting with broadband fixed wireless access.

Wireless Ad Hoc and Sensor Networks: A Cross-Layer Design Perspective deals with the emerging design trend that transcends traditional communication layers for performance gains in ad hoc and sensor networks. The author explores the current state of the art in cross-layer approaches for ad hoc and sensor networks, providing a comprehensive design resource.The book offers a structured comparison and analysis of both layered and cross-layer design, providing readers with an overview of the many issues relating to ad hoc and sensor networks. The benefits of these cross-layer approaches are examined through three diverse case studies: a monitoring sensor network using Radio Frequency waves, an ad hoc network that uses Ultra Wide Band Radio, and an acoustic underwater sensor network for environmental monitoring.Wireless Ad Hoc and Sensor Networks: A Cross-Layer Design Perspective is interdisciplinary in character, and should be of value to software engineers, hardware engineers, application developers, network protocol designers, graduate students, communication engineers, systems engineers, and university professors.

Satellite Communications and Navigation Systems publishes the proceedings of the 2006 Tyrrhenian International Workshop on Digital Communications. The book focuses on the integration of communication and navigation systems in satellites.

Wireless sensor networks are being employed in a variety applications ra- ing from medical to military, and from home to industry. The principle aim of this book is to provide a reference tool for the increasing number of scientists who depend upon sensor networks in some way. The book is organized into several sections, each including chapters exploring a speci?c topic. Wireless sensor networks are attracting great attention and there are many research topics yet to be studied. In this book, the topics covered include n- work design and modelling, network management, data management, security and applications. The articles presented in the book are expository, but of a scholarly nature, including the appropriate history background, a review of the state-of-the-art thinking relative to the topic, as well as a discussion of unsolved problems that are of special interest. The target readers of this book include the researchers in computer s- ence, computer engineering, and applied mathematics, as well as students in these subjects. Specialists as well as general readers will ?nd the articles st- ulating and helpful. Book Organization The book is organized into ?ve sections. Section I introduces the design and modelling of sensor networks. Chapter 1, by Iyer, Kulkarni, Mhatre, and Rosenberg, presents a taxonomy of wireless sensor networks, based on their application level objectives, tra–c characteristics and data delivery requi- ments. Popa and Lewis in Chapter 2 describe some algorithms for systematic exploration of unknown environments using a mobile wireless sensor network.

Some of our day-to-day situations dealing with self-organization, mobility management, and energy efficient design directly relate to ad hoc wireless (mobile or static) network applications. This book surveys state-of-the-art research regarding several rapidly growing areas in the field with a focus on four such topics from both theoretical and experimental standpoints: network security and trust, broadcasting and multicasting, power control and energy efficiency, and QoS provisioning. This book is a great reference tool for professionals in the field of networking and telecommunications, graduate students and researchers interested in wireless networks, and practitioners working on sensor networks.

The 18th Tyrrhenian Workshop on digital communications is devoted to wi- less communications. In the last decade, wireless communications research boosted launching new standards and proposing new techniques for the - cess technology. We moved from the UTRA standard capable to transmit 0. 5bit/s/Hz to WLAN which is promising 2. 7bit/s/Hz. Now wireless c- munication systems are facing a ?ourishing of new proposal moving from multiple antennas at transmitter and receiver side (MIMO systems), to new powerfulForwardErrorCorrectionCodes,toadaptiveradioresourcemana- mentalgorithms. Thenewchallenge,however,isthemovetowardsmultimedia communications and IP technology. This move implies e?orts in several new aspects. First of all an open network, as IP is, imposes the necessity of a - cure network, to guarantee the privacy of the ongoing communications, avoid the use of the networks by unauthorized customers, avoid the misuses and the charge to third parties of the cost of the connection. Also, quality of service (QoS) of the communications is becoming a must in IP networks which are carrying services which need a guaranteed QoS as telephony, real time s- vices, etc. To get this new target some form of access control to the network must be setup. Recently, new form of communication networks has appeared to collect data for several applications (sensor networks, ad hoc networks, etc. ) and they need a connection with a backbone network which could be a wireless one with a larger range than the sensor or ad hoc networks.

Multimedia Content Analysis: Theory and Applications covers the latest in multimedia content analysis and applications based on such analysis. As research has progressed, it has become clear that this field has to appeal to other disciplines such as psycho-physics, media production, etc. This book consists of invited chapters that cover the entire range of the field. Some of the topics covered include low-level audio-visual analysis based retrieval and indexing techniques, the TRECVID effort, video browsing interfaces, content creation and content analysis, and multimedia analysis-based applications, among others. The chapters are written by leading researchers in the multimedia field.

Digital Signal Processing in Power System Protection and Control bridges the gap between the theory of protection and control and the practical applications of protection equipment. Understanding how protection functions is crucial not only for equipment developers and manufacturers, but also for their users who need to install, set and operate the protection devices in an appropriate manner.After introductory chapters related to protection technology and functions, Digital Signal Processing in Power System Protection and Control presents the digital algorithms for signal filtering, followed by measurement algorithms of the most commonly-used protection criteria values and decision-making methods in protective relays. A large part of the book is devoted to the basic theory and applications of artificial intelligence techniques for protection and control. Fuzzy logic based schemes, artificial neural networks, expert systems and genetic algorithms with their advantages and drawbacks are discussed. AI techniques are compared and it is also shown how they can be combined to eliminate the disadvantages and magnify the useful features of particular techniques.The information provided in Digital Signal Processing in Power System Protection and Control can be useful for protection engineers working in utilities at various levels of the electricity network, as well as for students of electrical engineering, especially electrical power engineering. It may also be helpful for other readers who want to get acquainted with and to apply the filtering, measuring and decision-making algorithms for purposes other than protection and control, everywhere fast and on-line signal analysis is needed for proper functioning of the apparatus.

Continuous-Time Signals is an extended description of continuous-time signals related to the course of Signals and Systems. As a time-varying process of any physical state of any object, which serves for representation, detection, and transmission of messages, a modern electrical signal possesses, in applications, many specific properties. To make possible for readers to deal with signals free, the book systematically covers major principle foundations of the signals theory. The representation of signals in the frequency domain (by Fourier transform) is considered with strong emphasis on how the spectral density of a single waveform becomes that of its burst and then the spectrum of its train. Different kinds of amplitude and angular modulations are analyzed noticing a consistency between the spectra of modulating and modulated signals. The energy and power presentation of signals is given along with their correlation properties. Finally, presenting the bandlimited and analytic signals, the book elucidates the methods of their description, transformation (by Hilbert transform), and sampling.

Ad-Hoc Networking Towards Seamless Communications is dedicated to an area that attracts growing interest in academia and industry and concentrates on wireless ad hoc networking paradigm. The persistent efforts to acquire the ability to establish dynamic wireless connections from anywhere to anyone with any device without prerequisite imbedded infrastructure move the communications boundaries towards ad-hoc networks. Recently, ad hoc networking has attracted growing interest due to advances in wireless communications, and developed framework for running IP based protocols. The expected degree of penetration of these networks will depend on the successful resolution of the key features.Ad-hoc networks pose many complex and open problems for researchers. Ad-Hoc Networking Towards Seamless Communications reveals the state-of-the-art in wireless ad-hoc networking and discusses some of the key research topics that are expected to promote and accelerate the commercial applications of these networks (e.g., MAC, routing, QoS, cross-layer optimization issues, service discovery, mobility, handovers, security).

The ?eld of multirate signal processing has witnessed a great deal of progress and an increasingly wide range of applications since the publication of the ?rst textbook by Crochiere and Rabiner (1983). However, this progress has been mainly in the area of deterministic systems with emphasis on perfe- reconstruction and/or orthogonal systems. This book introduces a statistical theory for extracting information from signals that have di?erent sampling rates. This new theory generalizes the conventional (deterministic) theory of multirate systems beyond many of its constraints.Furthermore,itallowsfortheformulationofseveralnewproblems such as spectrum estimation, time-delay estimation and sensor fusion in the realm of multirate signal processing. I have arrived at the theory presented here by integrating concepts from diverse areas such as information theory, inverse problems and theory of - equalities. The process of merging a variety of concepts of di?erent origin results in both merits and shortcomings. The former include the fresh and - di?erentiated view of an amateur, providing scope of application. The latter include a lack of in-depth experience in each of the original ?elds. Granted, this may lead to gaps in continuity, however it goes without saying that a complete theory can seldom be achieved by one person and in a short time. My goal in writing this book has been to inspire the reader to initiate his own research and add to the theory of multirate statistical signal processing.

Today's wireless services have come a long way since the roll out of the conventional voice-centric cellular systems. The demand for wireless access in voice and high rate data multi-media applications has been increasing. New generation wireless communication systems are aimed at accommodating this demand through better resource management and improved transmission technologies. This book discusses the cognitive radio, software defined radio, and adaptive radio concepts from several perspectives.

Continuous-Time Systems is a description of linear, nonlinear, time-invariant, and time-varying electronic continuous-time systems. As an assemblage of physical or mathematical components organized and interacting to convert an input signal (also called excitation signal or driving force) to an output signal (also called response signal), an electronic system can be described using different methods offered by the modern systems theory. To make possible for readers to understand systems, the book systematically covers major foundations of the systems theory. First, the quantitative and qualitative methods of systems description are presented along with the stability analysis. The representation of linear time-invariant systems in the time domain is provided using the convolution, ordinarily differential equations (ODEs), and state space. In the frequency domain, these systems are analyzed using the Fourier and Laplace transforms. The linear time-varying systems are represented using the general convolution, ODEs, and state space. The nonlinear time-invariant systems are described employing the Taylor and Volterra series expansions, ODEs, state space, and approximate methods such as averaging, equivalent linearization, and describing function. Finally, the representation of nonlinear time-varying systems is given using the Taylor and Volterra series, ODEs, modulation functions method, and state space modelling. Review of matrix theory and other useful generalizations are postponed to Appendices.

We are surrounded by sounds. Such a noisy environment makes it di?cult to obtain desired speech and it is di?cult to converse comfortably there. This makes it important to be able to separate and extract a target speech signal from noisy observations for both man–machine and human–human communication. Blindsourceseparation(BSS)isanapproachforestimatingsourcesignals using only information about their mixtures observed in each input channel. The estimation is performed without possessing information on each source, such as its frequency characteristics and location, or on how the sources are mixed. The use of BSS in the development of comfortable acoustic com- nication channels between humans and machines is widely accepted. Some books have been published on BSS, independent component ana- sis (ICA), and related subjects. There, ICA-based BSS has been well studied in the statistics and information theory ?elds, for applications to a variety of disciplines including wireless communication and biomedicine. However, as speech and audio signal mixtures in a real reverberant environment are generally convolutive mixtures, they involve a structurally much more ch- lenging task than instantaneous mixtures, which are prevalent in many other applications.

Fast Fourier Transform - Algorithms and Applications presents an introduction to the principles of the fast Fourier transform (FFT). It covers FFTs, frequency domain filtering, and applications to video and audio signal processing.As fields like communications, speech and image processing, and related areas are rapidly developing, the FFT as one of the essential parts in digital signal processing has been widely used. Thus there is a pressing need from instructors and students for a book dealing with the latest FFT topics.Fast Fourier Transform - Algorithms and Applications provides a thorough and detailed explanation of important or up-to-date FFTs. It also has adopted modern approaches like MATLAB examples and projects for better understanding of diverse FFTs. Fast Fourier Transform - Algorithms and Applications is designed for senior undergraduate and graduate students, faculty, engineers, and scientists in the field, and self-learners to understand FFTs and directly apply them to their fields, efficiently. It is designed to be both a text and a reference. Thus examples, projects and problems all tied with MATLAB, are provided for grasping the concepts concretely. It also includes references to books and review papers and lists of applications, hardware/software, and useful websites. By including many figures, tables, bock diagrams and graphs, this book helps the reader understand the concepts of fast algorithms readily and intuitively. It provides new MATLAB functions and MATLAB source codes.The material in Fast Fourier Transform - Algorithms and Applications is presented without assuming any prior knowledge of FFT. This book is for any professional who wants to have a basic understanding of the latest developments in and applications of FFT. It provides a good reference for any engineer planning to work in this field, either in basic implementation or in research and development.

karmano hy api boddhavyam boddhavyam ca vikarmanah akarmanas ca boddhavyam gahana karmano gatih The intricacies of action are very hard to understand. Therefore one should know properly what action is, what forbidden action is, and what inaction is. The Bhagvad Gita (4.17) This book is the outcome of the research contribution of Hanane Fathi towards her Ph.D. studies jointly with Shyam S. Chakraborty and Ramjee Prasad as - pervisors. To the best of the authors' knowledge, this is a ?rst book on voice over Internet protocol (VoIP) covering such a broad perspective as illustrated in Figure P.1. This book is a new, forward-looking resource that explores the present and future trends of VoIP in the wireless heterogeneous networks. This book also provides the discovery path that these network infrastructures are following from a perspective of synergies with the present systems and how they will pave the way for future systems. This book is intended for everyone in the ?eld of wireless information and multimedia communications. It provides different levels of material suitable for managers, researchers, network providers, and graduate students.We hope that all readers will experience the bene?ts and power of this knowledge. We have tried our best to make each chapter comprehensive and we cannot claim that this book is without errors. Any remarks to improve the text and correct the errors would be highly appreciated.

asakta-buddhih sarvatra . jitatma vigata-sprhah . . . . naiskarmya-siddhim paramam . sannyasenadhigacchati Detached by spiritual intelligence from everything controlling the mind, without material desires, one attains the paramount perfection in cessation of re- tions by renunciation. The Bhagvad Gita (18.49) Compared to traditional carrier-based, Ultra-Wide Band (UWB), or carrier-less, systems implement new paradigms in terms of signal generation and reception. Thus, designing an UWB communication system requires the understanding of how excess bandwidth and very low transmitted powers can be used jointly to provide a reliable radio link. UWB offers systems transceiver potential for very simple implementations. Comparison between UWB and traditional narrow-band systems highlights the following features: Large bandwidth enables very fine time-space resolution for accurate lo- tion of the UWB nodes and for distributing network time stamps. Very short pulses are effectively counter-fighting the channel effect in very dense multipath environments. Data rate (number of pulses transmitted per bit) can be traded with power emission control and distance coverage. Very low power density leads to low probability of signal detection and adds security for all the layers of the communication stack. Very low power density is obtained through radio regulation emission masks; UWB systems are suitable for coexistence with already deployed narrow-band systems.

In this book, real life examples are presented to design antenna matching networks over HF and cellular commercial multi-band frequencies. For each example, open MatLab source codes are provided so that the reader can easily generate and verify the results.