SpringerBriefs in Religious Studies – serie

Bringing together leading scholars in the fields of Religion and Sport, this book examines the prophetic dimension of sport, to arrive at a better understanding of the nature of sports in the United States. By detailing and analyzing particular sports, a portrait of sport as an important space for social and political critique emerges. Sport is indisputably an important cultural phenomenon in the United States. Each year millions attend sporting events, track the statistics and lives of sports stars, collect memorabilia, engage in fantasy sports, and play various sporting games. But increasingly, sport is also a space for public articulations regarding social and political issues within the United States. What are we to make of these particular articulations? What do they tell us about the nature of sport in the United States? How are these social and political critiques formed? Why do sporting voices seem to carry more weight at this moment in history?  Ideally suited for use in undergraduate and graduate courses, this book offers a new way of thinking about the connection between sport and religion in a secularizing society. By analyzing various sports and particular historical moments, the chapters supply a unique example of the relevance of sport as it pertains to social and political critique.

This book explores the deeper meaning of sports. Drawing on contemporary research, the author makes a strong case for why we should see sport not only in terms of religion but--more importantly-as a possible location for spiritual meaning. Taking this a step farther, she considers how gene editing, robotics, and other biomedical technological enhancements affect not only sports performances but experiences of sport as sacred. In addition, the author explores what difference it might make to the enhancement debate if sports’ spirituality is taken seriously.The author is not afraid to explore the issue in all its complexity. Yet, the argument she presents is both meaningful and accessible. This investigation applies insights from Christian theology, applied ethics, psychology, and sports studies. From lightweight tennis racquets to anabolic steroids, athletes have long used technology and science to improve their performances. But, until now, no one has askedhow biomedical technological enhancements might affect the undervalued spiritual dimension of sport. This book presents rich insights into the connection between sports, spirituality, and human enhancement technologies. It will appeal to researchers, athletes and sports followers, and undergraduate and graduate students in ethics, sport, religion or theology.

This open access book presents religious literacy as the main explanatory factor when dealing with certain ethnic groups that attract stereotypes which gloss over other personal factors such as age, class, gender and cultural differences. It discusses freedom of religion, and the Christian revival movement. It examines religious literacy and religious diversity in multi-faith schools. It looks into the role of Mosques and Islamic divorce. Finally, it discusses the prevention of violent radicalization and extremism in Finland. Using recent data on Finnish secular society, the book promotes a new understanding which is needed with respect to popular and media portrayal of religion, or with respect to public discussion about religion. It addresses actors in civic society, public servants and higher education.

This book explores the potential relevance of the Upanishads, a corpus of ancient Eastern apophatic texts, to contemporary Western theories of consciousness and psychopathology, particularly in relation to psychoanalysis, neuroscience, and schizophrenia-spectrum disorders. Beginning with an analysis of Upanishadic thought and its historical influence in Europe, this work bridges the gap between ancient wisdom and modern scientific inquiry. It examines the dream theories of psychoanalyst Wilfred Bion in relation to Upanishadic conceptions of the Self, followed by an exploration of contemporary neuroscientific perspectives on selfhood. Further, it delves into the evolution and function of sleep and dreaming in Homo sapiens, proposing a novel heuristic: that schizophrenia-spectrum disorders may be developmentally linked to alterations in the sleep and dreaming systems of the human mind-brain. Offering a unique interdisciplinary synthesis, this text will appeal to scholars and students of philosophy, psychology, neuroscience, and religious studies, as well as those interested in the intersections of ancient meditative traditions and modern scientific paradigms.

This book investigates the complex and evolving relationship between Islam and the West, tracing its origins from the Prophet Muhammad’s time to the present day. It argues that while this relationship has often been marked by conflict, through wars, colonization, and political rivalries, it has also been a conduit for significant intellectual, cultural, and economic exchange. The book offers a historical overview of key encounters such as al-Andalus, the Crusades, European imperialism, and post-9/11 debates, highlighting both confrontation and cooperation. It also examines Muslim intellectual responses to Western modernity, focusing on figures such as Jamal al-Din Afghani, Muhammad Abduh, Ali Shariati, Allama Iqbal, and Ottoman/Turkish thinkers like Said Halim Pasha, Namık Kemal, and Ziya Gökalp. The book further places special emphasis on the thought of Bediüzzaman Said Nursi (1876–1960), one of the most influential yet underexplored Muslim intellectuals of the twentieth century. Living through the collapse of the Ottoman Empire, two world wars, and the rise of the Turkish Republic, Nursi developed an original approach to the challenges of secularism, atheism, and declining religious education. His writings and activism aimed to preserve Islamic faith in the modern age while resisting uncritical Westernization.By weaving together historical analysis and intellectual history, the book shows how Islam–West relations have been shaped not only by political events but also by competing narratives, worldviews, and theological concerns. It contributes to scholarship by bridging history, religious studies, and political thought, while offering new perspectives on how Muslim intellectuals have grappled with the enduring challenge of engaging the West.

This book examines the complex entanglement of religion, nationalism, and identity in modern Iran, tracing the historical and sociopolitical forces that have shaped the country’s tumultuous modernity. Beginning with the introduction of nationalist thought in the nineteenth century, it explores how the fusion of nationalism with a fragmented social fabric gave rise to a potent form of Shiite political Islam, one that would come to define Iran’s political structure and its ideological boundaries. Through an incisive analysis of Iran’s political evolution, this book argues that the rigidity of a state grounded in Shiite political jurisprudence has simultaneously marginalized ethnic and religious minorities and eroded the unifying power of religion itself. As the country becomes increasingly secularized, identity politics have intensified, giving rise to centrifugal ethnic movements and deepening social fragmentation.Drawing on political theory, sociology of religion, and contemporary Iranian studies, Fragmented Faith, Fractured Nation offers a compelling account of how the interplay of nationalism and political Shiism continues to shape Iran’s domestic tensions and regional dynamics. It presents a bold hypothesis: that the sustained integration of political Shiism and nationalism has not only weakened Iran’s collective religious identity but has also fueled ethnic radicalism, reshaping both the nation’s internal cohesion and its place in the wider Middle East.

The Role of Psychedelics in the Development of Human Religious Practices explores how mind-altering substances have shaped humanity’s search for the sacred. Drawing on neuroscience, archaeology, ethnopharmacology, and art history, Denis Pavăl offers an accessible, balanced synthesis of a rapidly evolving field. This Brief examines the phenomenology and neuropharmacology of psychedelic experiences, evaluates claims about their historical use in ritual and religion, and addresses the current psychedelic renaissance. Challenging both uncritical enthusiasm and outright skepticism, it provides a concise, evidence-based guide for researchers, clinicians, students, and readers interested in consciousness, spirituality, and the origins of religious practice across cultures worldwide.

This book explores the development of the influential worldwide Hizmet movement inspired by the Turkish scholar Fethullah Gülen, known for his moderate Islamic emphasis on peaceful relations among diverse people. It provides a detailed study of Gülen’s account of the virtues and argues that they provide the key to understanding this thinker and the movement he inspired, from its initial establishment of hospitality houses through the growth of worldwide schools, hospitals, media outlets, charitable associations and dialogue centers.The book analyzes the distinctive virtues that shaped the Hizmet movement’s ethos as well as continue to sustain its expansive energy, from the core virtues of tolerance, hospitality, compassion and charity to a host of related virtues, including wisdom, humility, mildness, patience, mercy, integrity and hope. It also examines the Islamic and Sufi roots of Gülen’s understanding of the virtues as well as presents a comparative study of Gülen’s account of the virtues in dialogue with prominent thinkers of the Western philosophical tradition and the religious traditions of Christianity, Judaism and Buddhism.The Hizmet movement provides living witness to the power and efficacy of tolerance, dialogue and peaceful relations among diverse people. This book offers an insightful portrait of the core virtues of this movement and the scholar who fully explored them within his writing. It will appeal to readers interested in virtue ethics, character education, cross-cultural studies, interfaith dialogue and the role of moderate Islam today.

​This book takes a theoretical enterprise in Christian philosophy of religion and applies it to Buddhism, thus defending Buddhism and presenting it favorably in comparison. Chapters explore how the claims of both Christianity and Theravada Buddhism rest on people’s experiences, so the question as to which claimants to religious knowledge are right rests on the evidential value of those experiences. The book examines mysticism and ways to understand what goes on in religious experiences, helping us to understand whether it is good grounds for religious belief.   The author argues that religious language in both Christian and Buddhist traditions is intelligible as factual discourse, and so reports of mystical experience are true or false. The book contends that those experiences can be fruitfully thought of as perceptual in kind and that they are therefore good prima facie grounds for religious belief, in the absence of defeating conditions.    The work goes on to explore Christian and Buddhist testimony and how the likelihood of self-deception, self-delusion, imaginative elaboration and the like constitutes a defeating condition. It is shown that this defeater has less scope for operation in the Buddhist case than in the Christian case, and therefore Theravada Buddhism is better grounded.   This work will appeal to students and scholars of philosophy and philosophy of religion, and those interested in the study of religious experience.

At the present time, when so-called Islamic radicalism, terrorism and Jihadism occupy major media space, with Islam often depicted as the main culprit, the book attempts a tour de force. It proposes that Islam is as much victim as culprit in the history that has led to the current hostility. This is because the common claims of both mainstream and radical Islam that Islam represents the high point of the Abrahamic tradition, and therefore a purification of Judaism and Christianity, have been largely ignored, misunderstood or blatantly rejected by these faiths and therefore by ‘the West’ in general. This rejection has effectively rendered Islam as the poor cousin, if not the illegitimate sibling, of the tradition. In turn, this has created long-term resentment and hostility within Islam as well as robbed the ‘Judaeo-Christian West’ of a rich, inter-faith understanding of the wider Abrahamic tradition. The book explores these claims through textual, historical and theological analyses, proposing that many of them stand up better to critical scrutiny than has been commonly acknowledged. It further proposes that seeing Islam in this way has potential to re-awaken its self-understanding as a leader of accord among the Abrahamic faiths, of the kind that characterized the era of Convivencia when, in medieval Spain, Islam constructed and contributed to advanced civilizations characterized by relatively harmonious co-existence between Muslims, Christians and Jews. The book focuses on the role that a more respected and self-confident Islam could play in forging enhanced inter-faith relations in a world that desperately needs them as it struggles to understand and deal with modern and particularly vicious forms of radical Islamism.

This book discusses violence and its connection with religion, sport and popular culture. It highlights the religious dimensions of violence and the role of violence in the religion and culture of the American South. Extending into popular culture, it then makes the case that sport—particularly American football—is a cultural phenomenon in the South with close ties with religion and violence, and that American football has come to play a central role in the civil religion of the South, fueled in part by its violent nature. The book concludes by drawing important lessons from this case study—lessons that help us to see both religion and sport in a new light.

This book applies philosophical and critical textual scholarship to the traditional Islamic narrative in an attempt to distinguish between its historical and interpretive elements. It allows the narrative to be preserved with due respect for its significance and distinctiveness, but in a way that frees it from the ease with which it can slip into the hands of literalists and fundamentalists in order to serve a purpose which is at odds with its original spirit and intention.  When radical Islamists use social media to try and convert young followers to a Jihadist cause, they refer often to the narrative about the Prophet, the original Islamic community (Ummah), and the holy book (Qur’an). The references usually imply that these are under threat by infidels, either non-Muslim Westerners or Muslims themselves who follow allegedly errant forms of Islam. The narrative itself is, however, never questioned; it is taken as merely factual with every word to be taken literally, including words that appear intolerant of difference and given to violence. As such, it can serve well the forms of fundamentalism that lie at the heart of radical Islamism and Jihadism. Because of a shortage of critical scholarship about Islam’s central narrative, the radical Islamist understanding of it differs too little from that of mainstream Muslims. Neither tends to take sufficient account of the context of the writing, its original purpose or the many interpretive elements that have been overlain.  This makes it difficult for mainstream Islamic authorities to counter effectively the radical Islamist discourse or to distinguish moderate and liberal forms of religious practice from radical breakaway forms.  In turn, this causes confusion among Muslims, who know the radical Islamists are in error but find it hard to say just why, and even greater confusion and angst among non-Muslims, for whom the allegation that all of Islam is inherently violent and to be feared is clearly being heard by an increasing number.  This book sets out to address this problem by applying forms of scholarship that can preserve the best of the Islamic narrative while, at the same time, illustrating just how errant is the radical Islamist understanding of it.

This book, as an exploratory sociological analysis, broadly examines the major structural factors which contribute to the social disorganization of the Catholic hierarchy as a clerical community, facilitating the persistence of clerical sexual abuse in the Catholic Church. Using some tenets of the social disorganization theory on crime and deviance as the overall theoretical framework with some perspectives from social organization, social network, and social capital, and secondary literature and qualitative data to support the arguments, it examines the (1) diocesan clergy’s social interaction, mutual support, and social control system in the hierarchical community, (2) connection between mandated clerical celibacy and clerical sexual abuse, and (3) the implication of the laity’s lack of empowerment and ecclesiastical authority to monitor and sanction clerical behavior. The Catholic hierarchy prides itself as a unified community of clerics under the Pope who shares the one priesthood of Christ. But the current clerical sexual scandals and the inability of bishops to adequately manage clerical sexual abuse cases make one wonders whether the Catholic clergy is indeed a cohesive and socially organized community which inhibits clerical sexual abuse. This book invites Church authorities, theologians, scholars, and lay leaders to understand the persistent clerical sexual abuse empirically and to come up with structural reforms which enhance the social network and social control systems of the Catholic hierarchy against clerical sexual misconduct and support victims.

This book in religious studies uses a Malaysian apostasy case study as a platform to investigate and discuss the broader radicalisation of apostates on social networking sites. It provides new insights into the emerging phenomenon of how social media tools are harnessed to promote faith and beliefs systems, specifically looking at the Malay view of apostasy from Islam. Employing sociocultural theory and theoretical concepts to analyse the discursive behaviour of a Malaysian apostate on a social networking site, the study unpacks how digital storytelling and rhetorical strategies can influence readers, culturally and socially, and contribute to identity construction in relation to politicised viewpoints. The analysis of the discourse surrounding apostasy in Malaysia enables parallels to be drawn to such discourses in other parts of the world, raising discussions on the connections between inflammatory online rhetoric and social problems, such as recruitment to terrorism, involvement ingangs or the use of addictive substances. This book is of particular interest to scholars and students considering the intersection of critical discourse analysis and religious studies. It is of interest to sociolinguists and psychologists interested in online media.

This book provides a comprehensive account on the doctrines of the Andhakas, an early Buddhist sect. It explores how cosmopolitan character of Buddhism is nurtured by the Andhakas. Moreover, it shares key insights into the coherent system of Buddhist philosophical doctrines of the Andhakas on the basis of the Kathāvatthu, enabling readers to gain a better understanding of the doctrinal developments that took place during this period. Divided into four chapters, the book offers broad coverage of the Andhakas, making it of interest to researchers focusing on early Buddhism, as well as general readers who want to learn more about Buddhist philosophy and studies on Andhra.

This book offers a groundbreaking psychological exploration of how religion influences sport performance, motivation, injury recovery, and interpersonal dynamics in athletic settings. Bridging sport psychology and religious studies, it introduces two original models — the Religion and Sport Performance (RSP) Model and the Religious–Psychological Adaptation to Sports Injury (RPASI) Model — to explain how faith shapes athletes' cognitive, emotional, and behavioral responses on and off the field. Rather than treating religion as a cultural backdrop, the book positions it as a powerful psychological force that can enhance concentration, resilience, and identity. Drawing on diverse religious traditions and supported by real-world case examples, it examines how athletes integrate prayer, ritual, and belief into performance preparation and injury recovery. It also explores how religion influences team dynamics, coach-athlete relationships, and ethical decision-making in multicultural sport contexts. This concise yet comprehensive book is ideal for sport psychologists, coaches, researchers, and undergraduate and graduate students interested in the intersection of mental performance and religious belief. It offers both theoretical insight and practical guidance for applying religion-informed psychological strategies in sport environments.