Zeitgeschichte im Kontext – serie

The volume focuses on emerging “rooms for manoeuvre” in the socialist societies of Central and Eastern Europe after the Second World War. Unlike in other works, these areas of activity are not viewed as isolated spheres where citizens could act independently from political and societal constraints. They are rather conceptualized here as geographical, social or institutional spaces whose existence was either outside of political control or more or less intentionally allowed by authorities and other decision-makers. The contributions investigate how East Germans, Poles, Romanians, Slovaks and Czechs coped with the limitations of socialist reality. How did they adopt and successfully adapt given norms to their own specific interests? To what extent were the resulting “rooms for manoeuvre” not only essential aspects of the state socialist system, but even necessary to stabilize it?

Alexandra Wachter investigates how survivors of the Siege of Leningrad (1941–44) were able to come to terms with their memories in Soviet and post-Soviet society. Subject to political fluctuations, official remembrance ranged from enforced silence to extensive exploitation for propaganda purposes, a framework which corresponded with psychological strategies to cope, but not deal, with trauma: repression, denial, acting-out and idealization. Based on a combination of oral history interviews, ethnographic and archival research, this study examines narratives and activities of child and adolescent survivors. Individual experiences are related to varying degrees of involvement in survivors’ organisations, and thick description adds to the understanding of trauma in the context of a (post-)totalitarian society.

Following liberation in April 1945, Vienna was characterized by destruction, cold, hunger, and an acute housing shortage. Yet cultural life soon returned: as early as 27 April, Soviet officers ordered its revival. It was not long until the other Allies – France, Britain, and the USA – launched their own cultural campaigns. The many cultural activities under Allied occupation were intended not only to underpin economic and political rebuilding, but also to promote an Austrian national consciousness – a separate self-image independent from Germany. This volume is the first to show the impact of Allied cultural policy in the fields of fine art, film, literature and libraries, music and theatre, press photography, print media, radio, and sport, thereby documenting an achievement that can still be felt today: the creation of a democratic Austrian identity.