Characterization of Biomaterials

Professor Michael Jaffe was with Celanese and Hoechst Celanese Research in the USA before leaving for the Biomedical Engineering Department at New Jersey Institute of Technology. Willis B. Hammond is a Research Professor in the Department of Biomedical Engineering at NJIT. Peter Tolias is Director of the Bio-innovation Program and a Research Professor in the Schaefer School of Engineering and Science at the Stevens Institute of Technology, USA. Treena Arinzeh is Professor of Biomedical Engineering at NJIT.

"...a collection of topics fundamental for the characterization of biomaterials, contributed by the experts in the respective fields...very well-written and useful overview, suitable for specialists as well as researchers new to the field." --Biomat.net, March 2013"A brief, yet very well-written and useful overview, suitable for specialists as well as researchers new to the field." --Dr. Aleksandr Ovsianikov, The Biomaterials Network.

• Contributor contact detailsWoodhead Publishing Series in TextilesChapter 1: Microscopy techniques for analyzing the phase nature and morphology of biomaterialsAbstract:1 Introduction: basic imaging concepts1.2 Image perception and interpretation1.3 Light microscopy1.4 Laser scanning confocal microscopy (LSCM)1.5 Scanning electron microscopy (SEM)1.6 Atomic force microscopy (AFM)Chapter 2: Scattering techniques for structural analysis of biomaterialsAbstract:2.1 Introduction2.2 Light scattering2.3 Wide-angle X-ray diffraction2.4 Measuring orientation using X-ray diffraction2.5 Small-angle scattering techniques2.6 Small-angle X-ray scattering (SAXS)2.7 Small-angle neutron scattering (SANS)2.8 AcknowledgmentChapter 3: Quantitative assays for measuring cell adhesion and motility in biomaterialsAbstract:3.1 Introduction3.2 Cell attachment assays3.3 Cell adhesion strength3.4 Collective motility of cell populations3.5 Individual cell motility3.6 Conclusion and future trendsChapter 4: Assays for determining cell differentiation in biomaterialsAbstract:4.1 Introduction4.2 Deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) and ribonucleic acid (RNA) assays4.3 Protein and chemical assays4.4 Imaging assays4.5 Future trendsChapter 5: Bioreactors for evaluating cell infiltration and tissue formation in biomaterialsAbstract:5.1 Introduction5.2 Bioreactor designs5.3 Evaluation of cell infiltration and cell seeding5.4 Evaluation of tissue formation5.5 Importance of computational fluid mechanics in modeling, imaging, and simulation of the bioreactors5.6 Failure of bioreactors5.7 Future trends5.8 Conclusion5.9 Sources of further information and adviceChapter 6: Studying molecular-scale protein–surface interactions in biomaterialsAbstract:6.1 Introduction: surface-induced thrombosis on artificial surfaces6.2 Process and changes during protein adsorption6.3 Factors affecting protein adsorption6.4 Models of protein adsorption and adsorption isotherms6.5 Protein adsorption kinetics6.6 The Vroman effect6.7 Structure and functions of fibrinogen6.8 Intermolecular forces and interactions6.9 Adsorption profile and interfacial kinetics6.10 Competitive adsorption6.11 Atomic force microscopy (AFM)6.12 Interfacial properties of fibrinogen studied by AFM6.13 Future trends6.14 ConclusionChapter 7: Assessing the mutagenic effects of biomaterials: analyzing the cellular genome and abnormalitiesAbstract:7.1 Introduction7.2 DNA structure7.3 Genetic mutations7.4 Cytogenetic mutations7.5 Types of mutations that can occur at the chromosomal level7.6 Methods of detection of cytogenetic mutations7.7 Analyzing genomic organization and variations in genomic copy number7.8 Copy number variations (CNVs)7.9 Epigenetic effects on the genome7.10 Effects of biomaterials on mutagenesis7.11 ConclusionChapter 8: Using microarrays to measure cellular changes induced by biomaterialsAbstract:8.1 Introduction8.2 What do we measure?8.3 Normalization8.4 Analysis8.5 ConclusionChapter 9: Standards and methods for assessing the safety and biocompatibility of biomaterialsAbstract:9.1 Introduction9.2 Regulatory definition of medical devices9.3 International Standards Organization (ISO) regulation and guidance9.4 United States Food and Drug Administration (FDA) regulation and guidance9.5 Regulation and guidance in Japan and other countries9.6 Biological tests9.7 Phasing (timing) of non-clinical testing of medical devicesIndex