Arkebe Oqubay is an Ethiopian Senior Minister, Professor of Practice at the University of Johannesburg, and an Overseas Development Institute Distinguished Fellow. He has been at the centre of policymaking for over 25 years. He is the former mayor of Addis Ababa, winner of the Best African Mayor of 2005, and finalist in the World Mayor Award 2005, for transforming the city. He is a recipient of the Order of the Rising Sun, Gold and Silver Star presented by the Emperor of Japan. He currently serves as board chair of several leading public organizations and international advisory boards. He is an ODI Distinguished Fellow and a research associate at the Centre of African Studies in the University of London, and holds a PhD in development studies from SOAS, University of London. He was recognized as one of the 100 Most Influential Africans of 2016, and a 'leading thinker on Africa's strategic development' by the NewAfrican, for his work, both theoretical and practical, on industrial policies.Fiona Tregenna holds the DSI/NRF South African Research Chair (SARChI) in Industrial Development and is a Professor of Economics at the University of Johannesburg. She has a Ph.D. in Economics from the University of Cambridge. Fiona is a part-time Member of the Competition Tribunal where she adjudicates competition (anti-trust) cases, and serves on a number of boards, advisory panels and councils, including the Presidential Economic Advisory Council. She consults to various research institutes and international organizations such as UNIDO, UNCTAD, and the ILO. Her primary research interest is in issues of structural change, deindustrialization, and industrial development.Imraan Valodia is Professor of Economics and Dean of the Faculty of Commerce, Law and Management, University of the Witwatersrand. His research interests include inequality, competition policy, employment, the informal economy, gender and economic policy, and industrial development. He has led the initiative at Wits to establish the Southern Centre for Inequality Studies - a multi-disciplinary, cross-country initiative to promote research and policy change to promote greater equality in the global South. Imraan also leads the SCIS. He has led and participated in a number of large national and international studies. He is recognised nationally and internationally for his research expertise in economic development. He is a part-time member of the Competition Tribunal in South Africa, a commissioner of National Minimum Wage Commission, and a member of the Academy of Science of South Africa (Assaf) Standing Committee on Science for the Reduction of Poverty and Inequality.

• PART I HISTORY, POLITICAL ECONOMY, AND KEY CHALLENGES 1 Challenges and Complexities of the South African Economy Fiona Tregenna, Arabo K. Ewinyu, Arkebe Oqubay, and Imraan Valodia 2 The Economic History of South Africa before 1948 Stefan Schirmer 3 The Economic History of South Africa 1948-94 Bill FreundDR and Vishnu PadayacheeDR 4 Politics and Economic Policymaking in South Africa since 1994 Alan Hirsch, Brian Levy, and Musa Nxele 5 South Africa's Post-apartheid Economic Development Trajectory David Francis, Adam Habib, and Imraan Valodia 6 Constraints to Economic Growth in South Africa Kenneth Creamer 7 Unemployment in South Africa James Heintz and Karmen Naidoo 8 Poverty in South Africa Vusi Gumede 9 Inequality in South Africa Murray Leibbrandt and Fabio Andrés Díaz Pabón PART II THE PRIMARY SECTORS, ENERGY, AND THE ENVIRONMENT 10 Agriculture in South Africa Wandile Sihlobo and Johann Kirsten 11 Agro-processing Industries in the South African Economy Horman Chitonge 12 Land and Agrarian Development in South Africa Ruth Hall and Farai Mtero 13 Mining and Minerals in South Africa Neva Seidman Makgetla 14 Energy in South Africa Rod Crompton and Ruwadzano Matsika 15 Socio-economic Aspects of Energy and Climate Change in South Africa Roula Inglesi-Lotz 16 Climate Change and the Green Transition in South Africa Channing Arndt, Sherwin Gabriel, Faaiqa Hartley, Kenneth Marc Strzepek, and Timothy Thomas PART III TRADE, INDUSTRY, AND REGULATION 17 Corporate Structure, Industrial Development, and Structural Change in South Africa Pamela Mondliwa and Simon Roberts 18 Value Chains and Industrial Development in South Africa Mike Morris, Justin Barnes, and David Kaplan 19 Southern African Regional Value Chains and Integration Reena das Nair 20 South Africa's Economic Role in Africa Mills Soko and Mzukisi Qobo 21 South Africa's International Trade Lawrence Edwards 22 Innovation and technological change in South Africa Erika Kraemer-Mbula and Rasigan Maharajh 23 South Africa and the Fourth Industrial Revolution Bhaso Ndzendze and Tshilidzi Marwala 24 Industrial Policy in South Africa Anthony Black 25 Competition Policy in South Africa Liberty Mncube and Nicola Theron 26 Regulation of Network Industries in South Africa James Hodge and Tamara Paremoer 27 State-Owned Enterprises in South Africa Mark Swilling and Nina Callaghan 28 Black Economic Empowerment in South Africa Thando Vilakazi 29 Entrepreneurship and SMMEs in South Africa Boris Urban 30 Urbanization, Agglomeration, and Economic Development in South Africa Ivan Turok PART IV THE LABOUR MARKET, DISTRIBUTION, AND SOCIAL POLICY 31 Changing Dynamics in the South African Labour Market Haroon Bhorat, Ben Stanwix, and Amy Thornton 32 The Youth Labour Market in South Africa Cecil Mlatsheni 33 The Economics of Education in South Africa Nicola Branson and David Lam 34 Gender and Work in South Africa Daniela Casale, Dorrit Posel, and Jacqueline Mosomi 35 The South African Informal Economy Michael Rogan and Caroline Skinner 36 Migration and Remittances in South Africa Mark A. Collinson and Mduduzi Biyase 37 The Economics of Households in South Africa Dorrit Posel and Katharine Hall 38 Food Security, Hunger, and Stunting in South Africa Julian May 39 The Economics of Health in South Africa Ronelle Burger and Mosima Ngwenya 40 Social Security and Social Development in South Africa Leila Patel PART V THE MACROECONOMY 41 The Macroeconomics of South African Economic Growth Philippe Burger 42 Investment in South Africa Ciaran Driver and Laurence Harris 43 Public Finance and Fiscal Policy in South Africa Tania Ajam 44 Public Debt in South Africa Manoel Bittencourt 45 Monetary Policy in South Africa Nicola Viegi 46 Banking and Finance in South Africa Penelope Hawkins 47 Financialization in South Africa Ewa Karwowski

Arkebe Oqubay is an Ethiopian Senior Minister, Professor of Practice at the University of Johannesburg, and an Overseas Development Institute Distinguished Fellow. He has been at the centre of policymaking for over 25 years. He is the former mayor of Addis Ababa, winner of the Best African Mayor of 2005, and finalist in the World Mayor Award 2005, for transforming the city. He is a recipient of the Order of the Rising Sun, Gold and Silver Star presented by the Emperor of Japan. He currently serves as board chair of several leading public organizations and international advisory boards. He is an ODI Distinguished Fellow and a research associate at the Centre of African Studies in the University of London, and holds a PhD in development studies from SOAS, University of London. He was recognized as one of the 100 Most Influential Africans of 2016, and a 'leading thinker on Africa's strategic development' by the NewAfrican, for his work, both theoretical and practical, on industrial policies.Fiona Tregenna holds the DSI/NRF South African Research Chair (SARChI) in Industrial Development and is a Professor of Economics at the University of Johannesburg. She has a Ph.D. in Economics from the University of Cambridge. Fiona is a part-time Member of the Competition Tribunal where she adjudicates competition (anti-trust) cases, and serves on a number of boards, advisory panels and councils, including the Presidential Economic Advisory Council. She consults to various research institutes and international organizations such as UNIDO, UNCTAD, and the ILO. Her primary research interest is in issues of structural change, deindustrialization, and industrial development.Imraan Valodia is Professor of Economics and Dean of the Faculty of Commerce, Law and Management, University of the Witwatersrand. His research interests include inequality, competition policy, employment, the informal economy, gender and economic policy, and industrial development. He has led the initiative at Wits to establish the Southern Centre for Inequality Studies - a multi-disciplinary, cross-country initiative to promote research and policy change to promote greater equality in the global South. Imraan also leads the SCIS. He has led and participated in a number of large national and international studies. He is recognised nationally and internationally for his research expertise in economic development. He is a part-time member of the Competition Tribunal in South Africa, a commissioner of National Minimum Wage Commission, and a member of the Academy of Science of South Africa (Assaf) Standing Committee on Science for the Reduction of Poverty and Inequality.

• PART I HISTORY, POLITICAL ECONOMY, AND KEY CHALLENGES 1 Challenges and Complexities of the South African Economy Fiona Tregenna, Arabo K. Ewinyu, Arkebe Oqubay, and Imraan Valodia 2 The Economic History of South Africa before 1948 Stefan Schirmer 3 The Economic History of South Africa 1948-94 Bill FreundDR and Vishnu PadayacheeDR 4 Politics and Economic Policymaking in South Africa since 1994 Alan Hirsch, Brian Levy, and Musa Nxele 5 South Africa's Post-apartheid Economic Development Trajectory David Francis, Adam Habib, and Imraan Valodia 6 Constraints to Economic Growth in South Africa Kenneth Creamer 7 Unemployment in South Africa James Heintz and Karmen Naidoo 8 Poverty in South Africa Vusi Gumede 9 Inequality in South Africa Murray Leibbrandt and Fabio Andrés Díaz Pabón PART II THE PRIMARY SECTORS, ENERGY, AND THE ENVIRONMENT 10 Agriculture in South Africa Wandile Sihlobo and Johann Kirsten 11 Agro-processing Industries in the South African Economy Horman Chitonge 12 Land and Agrarian Development in South Africa Ruth Hall and Farai Mtero 13 Mining and Minerals in South Africa Neva Seidman Makgetla 14 Energy in South Africa Rod Crompton and Ruwadzano Matsika 15 Socio-economic Aspects of Energy and Climate Change in South Africa Roula Inglesi-Lotz 16 Climate Change and the Green Transition in South Africa Channing Arndt, Sherwin Gabriel, Faaiqa Hartley, Kenneth Marc Strzepek, and Timothy Thomas PART III TRADE, INDUSTRY, AND REGULATION 17 Corporate Structure, Industrial Development, and Structural Change in South Africa Pamela Mondliwa and Simon Roberts 18 Value Chains and Industrial Development in South Africa Mike Morris, Justin Barnes, and David Kaplan 19 Southern African Regional Value Chains and Integration Reena das Nair 20 South Africa's Economic Role in Africa Mills Soko and Mzukisi Qobo 21 South Africa's International Trade Lawrence Edwards 22 Innovation and technological change in South Africa Erika Kraemer-Mbula and Rasigan Maharajh 23 South Africa and the Fourth Industrial Revolution Bhaso Ndzendze and Tshilidzi Marwala 24 Industrial Policy in South Africa Anthony Black 25 Competition Policy in South Africa Liberty Mncube and Nicola Theron 26 Regulation of Network Industries in South Africa James Hodge and Tamara Paremoer 27 State-Owned Enterprises in South Africa Mark Swilling and Nina Callaghan 28 Black Economic Empowerment in South Africa Thando Vilakazi 29 Entrepreneurship and SMMEs in South Africa Boris Urban 30 Urbanization, Agglomeration, and Economic Development in South Africa Ivan Turok PART IV THE LABOUR MARKET, DISTRIBUTION, AND SOCIAL POLICY 31 Changing Dynamics in the South African Labour Market Haroon Bhorat, Ben Stanwix, and Amy Thornton 32 The Youth Labour Market in South Africa Cecil Mlatsheni 33 The Economics of Education in South Africa Nicola Branson and David Lam 34 Gender and Work in South Africa Daniela Casale, Dorrit Posel, and Jacqueline Mosomi 35 The South African Informal Economy Michael Rogan and Caroline Skinner 36 Migration and Remittances in South Africa Mark A. Collinson and Mduduzi Biyase 37 The Economics of Households in South Africa Dorrit Posel and Katharine Hall 38 Food Security, Hunger, and Stunting in South Africa Julian May 39 The Economics of Health in South Africa Ronelle Burger and Mosima Ngwenya 40 Social Security and Social Development in South Africa Leila Patel PART V THE MACROECONOMY 41 The Macroeconomics of South African Economic Growth Philippe Burger 42 Investment in South Africa Ciaran Driver and Laurence Harris 43 Public Finance and Fiscal Policy in South Africa Tania Ajam 44 Public Debt in South Africa Manoel Bittencourt 45 Monetary Policy in South Africa Nicola Viegi 46 Banking and Finance in South Africa Penelope Hawkins 47 Financialization in South Africa Ewa Karwowski

Arkebe Oqubay is an Ethiopian Senior Minister, Professor of Practice at the University of Johannesburg, and an Overseas Development Institute Distinguished Fellow. He has been at the centre of policymaking for over 25 years. He is the former mayor of Addis Ababa, winner of the Best African Mayor of 2005, and finalist in the World Mayor Award 2005, for transforming the city. He is a recipient of the Order of the Rising Sun, Gold and Silver Star presented by the Emperor of Japan. He currently serves as board chair of several leading public organizations and international advisory boards. He is an ODI Distinguished Fellow and a research associate at the Centre of African Studies in the University of London, and holds a PhD in development studies from SOAS, University of London. He was recognized as one of the 100 Most Influential Africans of 2016, and a 'leading thinker on Africa's strategic development' by the NewAfrican, for his work, both theoretical and practical, on industrial policies.Fiona Tregenna holds the DSI/NRF South African Research Chair (SARChI) in Industrial Development and is a Professor of Economics at the University of Johannesburg. She has a Ph.D. in Economics from the University of Cambridge. Fiona is a part-time Member of the Competition Tribunal where she adjudicates competition (anti-trust) cases, and serves on a number of boards, advisory panels and councils, including the Presidential Economic Advisory Council. She consults to various research institutes and international organizations such as UNIDO, UNCTAD, and the ILO. Her primary research interest is in issues of structural change, deindustrialization, and industrial development.Imraan Valodia is Professor of Economics and Dean of the Faculty of Commerce, Law and Management, University of the Witwatersrand. His research interests include inequality, competition policy, employment, the informal economy, gender and economic policy, and industrial development. He has led the initiative at Wits to establish the Southern Centre for Inequality Studies - a multi-disciplinary, cross-country initiative to promote research and policy change to promote greater equality in the global South. Imraan also leads the SCIS. He has led and participated in a number of large national and international studies. He is recognised nationally and internationally for his research expertise in economic development. He is a part-time member of the Competition Tribunal in South Africa, a commissioner of National Minimum Wage Commission, and a member of the Academy of Science of South Africa (Assaf) Standing Committee on Science for the Reduction of Poverty and Inequality.

• PART I HISTORY, POLITICAL ECONOMY, AND KEY CHALLENGES 1 Challenges and Complexities of the South African Economy Fiona Tregenna, Arabo K. Ewinyu, Arkebe Oqubay, and Imraan Valodia 2 The Economic History of South Africa before 1948 Stefan Schirmer 3 The Economic History of South Africa 1948-94 Bill FreundDR and Vishnu PadayacheeDR 4 Politics and Economic Policymaking in South Africa since 1994 Alan Hirsch, Brian Levy, and Musa Nxele 5 South Africa's Post-apartheid Economic Development Trajectory David Francis, Adam Habib, and Imraan Valodia 6 Constraints to Economic Growth in South Africa Kenneth Creamer 7 Unemployment in South Africa James Heintz and Karmen Naidoo 8 Poverty in South Africa Vusi Gumede 9 Inequality in South Africa Murray Leibbrandt and Fabio Andrés Díaz Pabón PART II THE PRIMARY SECTORS, ENERGY, AND THE ENVIRONMENT 10 Agriculture in South Africa Wandile Sihlobo and Johann Kirsten 11 Agro-processing Industries in the South African Economy Horman Chitonge 12 Land and Agrarian Development in South Africa Ruth Hall and Farai Mtero 13 Mining and Minerals in South Africa Neva Seidman Makgetla 14 Energy in South Africa Rod Crompton and Ruwadzano Matsika 15 Socio-economic Aspects of Energy and Climate Change in South Africa Roula Inglesi-Lotz 16 Climate Change and the Green Transition in South Africa Channing Arndt, Sherwin Gabriel, Faaiqa Hartley, Kenneth Marc Strzepek, and Timothy Thomas PART III TRADE, INDUSTRY, AND REGULATION 17 Corporate Structure, Industrial Development, and Structural Change in South Africa Pamela Mondliwa and Simon Roberts 18 Value Chains and Industrial Development in South Africa Mike Morris, Justin Barnes, and David Kaplan 19 Southern African Regional Value Chains and Integration Reena das Nair 20 South Africa's Economic Role in Africa Mills Soko and Mzukisi Qobo 21 South Africa's International Trade Lawrence Edwards 22 Innovation and technological change in South Africa Erika Kraemer-Mbula and Rasigan Maharajh 23 South Africa and the Fourth Industrial Revolution Bhaso Ndzendze and Tshilidzi Marwala 24 Industrial Policy in South Africa Anthony Black 25 Competition Policy in South Africa Liberty Mncube and Nicola Theron 26 Regulation of Network Industries in South Africa James Hodge and Tamara Paremoer 27 State-Owned Enterprises in South Africa Mark Swilling and Nina Callaghan 28 Black Economic Empowerment in South Africa Thando Vilakazi 29 Entrepreneurship and SMMEs in South Africa Boris Urban 30 Urbanization, Agglomeration, and Economic Development in South Africa Ivan Turok PART IV THE LABOUR MARKET, DISTRIBUTION, AND SOCIAL POLICY 31 Changing Dynamics in the South African Labour Market Haroon Bhorat, Ben Stanwix, and Amy Thornton 32 The Youth Labour Market in South Africa Cecil Mlatsheni 33 The Economics of Education in South Africa Nicola Branson and David Lam 34 Gender and Work in South Africa Daniela Casale, Dorrit Posel, and Jacqueline Mosomi 35 The South African Informal Economy Michael Rogan and Caroline Skinner 36 Migration and Remittances in South Africa Mark A. Collinson and Mduduzi Biyase 37 The Economics of Households in South Africa Dorrit Posel and Katharine Hall 38 Food Security, Hunger, and Stunting in South Africa Julian May 39 The Economics of Health in South Africa Ronelle Burger and Mosima Ngwenya 40 Social Security and Social Development in South Africa Leila Patel PART V THE MACROECONOMY 41 The Macroeconomics of South African Economic Growth Philippe Burger 42 Investment in South Africa Ciaran Driver and Laurence Harris 43 Public Finance and Fiscal Policy in South Africa Tania Ajam 44 Public Debt in South Africa Manoel Bittencourt 45 Monetary Policy in South Africa Nicola Viegi 46 Banking and Finance in South Africa Penelope Hawkins 47 Financialization in South Africa Ewa Karwowski