Dr Philippe Cullet is Professor of International and Environmental Law at SOAS University of London and a Visiting Professor at the National Law University, Delhi. He received his doctoral degree in law from Stanford University, an MA in Development Studies from SOAS University of London, an LLM from King's College London, and a law degree from the University of Geneva. Dr Cullet has published extensively on environmental law, natural resources, water and sanitation, and socio-economic rights, and engages regularly with policymakers at the national and international levels. He is an Editor of the Law, Environment and Development (LEAD) Journal--a joint publication of SOAS University of London and the International Environmental Law Research Centre (IELRC), Geneva.Dr Lovleen Bhullar is an Assistant Professor at Birmingham Law School, University of Birmingham. Previously, she was a Research Fellow in Regulation and Antimicrobial Resistance at Edinburgh Law School. Dr Bhullar holds an LLB degree from the National Law School of India University, Bangalore, an LLM in Environmental Law, a PhD from SOAS University of London, and an MSc in Environmental Policy and Regulation from the London School of Economics and Political Science. She is an Editor of the Law, Environment and Development (LEAD) journal--a joint publication of SOAS University of London and the International Environmental Law Research Centre (IELRC), Geneva.Dr Sujith Koonan is an Associate Professor at the Centre for International Legal Studies, School of International Studies, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi. He completed his PhD from SOAS University of London, where he was a recipient of the SOAS Doctoral Research Scholarship (2013-16). He holds an MPhil in International Law from Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi, and an LLM in Environmental Law and Human Rights from Cochin University of Science and Technology, Kochi. He is a Member, Editorial Board, of the Law, Environment and Development (LEAD) journal--a joint publication of SOAS University of London and the International Environmental Law Research Centre (IELRC), Geneva. His main areas of interest are environmental law, water and sanitation, law and natural resources, international law, human rights, and agro-biodiversity.

• Foreword List of Contributors Introduction Part I: Background and Context 1: Vinita Damodaran and Sourav Kumar Mahanta: Environment, Natural Resources, and Environmental History 2: Bharat H. Desai: International Environmental Law and Interface with India's Domestic Law 3: Shawkat Alam: Cross-Fertilization of Environmental Law in the SAARC: Exploring Substantive and Constitutional Environmental Rights 4: Shyam Divan: The Environment, the Constitution, and the Legal Framework at the National Level 5: Nairita Roy Chowdhury: Environmental Movements and Law Part II: Institutional and Regulatory Dimensions 6: Virginius Xaxa: Governing the Environment in the 5th and 6th Schedule Areas 7: Prabhash Ranjan: Bilateral Investment Treaties and the Environment 8: M.N. Murty and Sushama Murty: Economic Instruments and Economic Regulators 9: Charu Sharma and Vishavjeet Chaudhary: Liability Part III: Principles and Concepts 10: Nupur Chowdhury and Haaris Moosa: Sustainable Development: Exploring Jurisprudential and Policy Trajectories 11: Preeta Dhar and Parul Gupta: Prevention, Precaution, and Polluter Pays Principles 12: Roopa Madhav: Public Trust Doctrine 13: Shalini Iyengar: Environmental Duties 14: Stellina Jolly: Rights of Nature 15: Shiju Mazhuvanchery: Procedural Environmental Rights 16: Arpitha Kodiveri: Due Process and Environmental Law Part IV: Land, Agriculture, and Biodiversity 17: M.S. Vani: Individual and Community Property Rights and Duties in Land and the Environment 18: Zainab Lokhandwala: Agriculture, Food Systems, and the Environment 19: Jagjit Kaur Plahe and Wendell S.C.L. Cornwall: Agriculture and Technology 20: Alphonsa Jojan: Conservation and Use of Biological Resources 21: Sophy K.J.: Biosafety in Synthetic Biology Part V: Fisheries and Marine Environment 22: Divya Karnad: Marine Fisheries 23: Tony George Puthucherril: Protecting the Coastal and the Marine Environment Part VI: Forests, Ecosystems, and People 24: Sharachchandra Lélé: Forest Management and Conservation Regime 25: Shomona Khanna: Forest Rights and the Forest Rights Act 26: Sanjay Upadhyay: Ecosystems' Protection and Wildlife Part VII: Air, Climate Change, and Disasters 27: Shibani Ghosh: Air Quality Regulation 28: Navroz K. Dubash, Aditya Valiathan Pillai, and Anirudh Sridhar: Climate Change: Policy, Institutional, and Legal Frameworks 29: Birsha Ohdedar: Environmental Disasters and Climate Change Part VIII: Water 30: Himanshu Kulkarni and Kumar Satyam: Groundwater Law: Protection and Use 31: Aviram Sharma: Water Quality and Water Pollution 32: K.J. Joy, Neha Bhadbhade, Sarita Bhagat, and Abraham Samuel: Water Sharing and Protection: Inter-State Dimensions 33: Srinivas Chokkakula: Water Disputes and the Environment: Transboundary Dimensions Part IX: Health and Sanitation 34: Awadhendra Sharan: Health and the Environment 35: Tanvi Bhatkal and Lyla Mehta: Sanitation: Linkages with the Environment and Public Health Part X: Resource Extraction, Industrial Development, and Energy 36: Sarvajeet Kumar Sinha and Roopa Madhav: Mining and the Environment 37: T.R. Subramanya and Aruna L.: Hazardous Waste 38: Arpitha Kodiveri and Salil Tripathi: The Bhopal Disaster and the Environment 39: Uday Shankar and Arindam Basu: Energy and Sustainability Part XI: Enforcement and Litigation 40: Dhvani Mehta and Debadityo Sinha: Penalties and Compensation 41: Gitanjali Nain Gill: National Green Tribunal and the Environment 42: Kaveri Gill: Courts and Solid Waste Management in Urban Areas Index

Dr Philippe Cullet is Professor of International and Environmental Law at SOAS University of London and a Visiting Professor at the National Law University, Delhi. He received his doctoral degree in law from Stanford University, an MA in Development Studies from SOAS University of London, an LLM from King's College London, and a law degree from the University of Geneva. Dr Cullet has published extensively on environmental law, natural resources, water and sanitation, and socio-economic rights, and engages regularly with policymakers at the national and international levels. He is an Editor of the Law, Environment and Development (LEAD) Journal--a joint publication of SOAS University of London and the International Environmental Law Research Centre (IELRC), Geneva.Dr Lovleen Bhullar is an Assistant Professor at Birmingham Law School, University of Birmingham. Previously, she was a Research Fellow in Regulation and Antimicrobial Resistance at Edinburgh Law School. Dr Bhullar holds an LLB degree from the National Law School of India University, Bangalore, an LLM in Environmental Law, a PhD from SOAS University of London, and an MSc in Environmental Policy and Regulation from the London School of Economics and Political Science. She is an Editor of the Law, Environment and Development (LEAD) journal--a joint publication of SOAS University of London and the International Environmental Law Research Centre (IELRC), Geneva.Dr Sujith Koonan is an Associate Professor at the Centre for International Legal Studies, School of International Studies, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi. He completed his PhD from SOAS University of London, where he was a recipient of the SOAS Doctoral Research Scholarship (2013-16). He holds an MPhil in International Law from Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi, and an LLM in Environmental Law and Human Rights from Cochin University of Science and Technology, Kochi. He is a Member, Editorial Board, of the Law, Environment and Development (LEAD) journal--a joint publication of SOAS University of London and the International Environmental Law Research Centre (IELRC), Geneva. His main areas of interest are environmental law, water and sanitation, law and natural resources, international law, human rights, and agro-biodiversity.

• Foreword List of Contributors Introduction Part I: Background and Context 1: Vinita Damodaran and Sourav Kumar Mahanta: Environment, Natural Resources, and Environmental History 2: Bharat H. Desai: International Environmental Law and Interface with India's Domestic Law 3: Shawkat Alam: Cross-Fertilization of Environmental Law in the SAARC: Exploring Substantive and Constitutional Environmental Rights 4: Shyam Divan: The Environment, the Constitution, and the Legal Framework at the National Level 5: Nairita Roy Chowdhury: Environmental Movements and Law Part II: Institutional and Regulatory Dimensions 6: Virginius Xaxa: Governing the Environment in the 5th and 6th Schedule Areas 7: Prabhash Ranjan: Bilateral Investment Treaties and the Environment 8: M.N. Murty and Sushama Murty: Economic Instruments and Economic Regulators 9: Charu Sharma and Vishavjeet Chaudhary: Liability Part III: Principles and Concepts 10: Nupur Chowdhury and Haaris Moosa: Sustainable Development: Exploring Jurisprudential and Policy Trajectories 11: Preeta Dhar and Parul Gupta: Prevention, Precaution, and Polluter Pays Principles 12: Roopa Madhav: Public Trust Doctrine 13: Shalini Iyengar: Environmental Duties 14: Stellina Jolly: Rights of Nature 15: Shiju Mazhuvanchery: Procedural Environmental Rights 16: Arpitha Kodiveri: Due Process and Environmental Law Part IV: Land, Agriculture, and Biodiversity 17: M.S. Vani: Individual and Community Property Rights and Duties in Land and the Environment 18: Zainab Lokhandwala: Agriculture, Food Systems, and the Environment 19: Jagjit Kaur Plahe and Wendell S.C.L. Cornwall: Agriculture and Technology 20: Alphonsa Jojan: Conservation and Use of Biological Resources 21: Sophy K.J.: Biosafety in Synthetic Biology Part V: Fisheries and Marine Environment 22: Divya Karnad: Marine Fisheries 23: Tony George Puthucherril: Protecting the Coastal and the Marine Environment Part VI: Forests, Ecosystems, and People 24: Sharachchandra Lélé: Forest Management and Conservation Regime 25: Shomona Khanna: Forest Rights and the Forest Rights Act 26: Sanjay Upadhyay: Ecosystems' Protection and Wildlife Part VII: Air, Climate Change, and Disasters 27: Shibani Ghosh: Air Quality Regulation 28: Navroz K. Dubash, Aditya Valiathan Pillai, and Anirudh Sridhar: Climate Change: Policy, Institutional, and Legal Frameworks 29: Birsha Ohdedar: Environmental Disasters and Climate Change Part VIII: Water 30: Himanshu Kulkarni and Kumar Satyam: Groundwater Law: Protection and Use 31: Aviram Sharma: Water Quality and Water Pollution 32: K.J. Joy, Neha Bhadbhade, Sarita Bhagat, and Abraham Samuel: Water Sharing and Protection: Inter-State Dimensions 33: Srinivas Chokkakula: Water Disputes and the Environment: Transboundary Dimensions Part IX: Health and Sanitation 34: Awadhendra Sharan: Health and the Environment 35: Tanvi Bhatkal and Lyla Mehta: Sanitation: Linkages with the Environment and Public Health Part X: Resource Extraction, Industrial Development, and Energy 36: Sarvajeet Kumar Sinha and Roopa Madhav: Mining and the Environment 37: T.R. Subramanya and Aruna L.: Hazardous Waste 38: Arpitha Kodiveri and Salil Tripathi: The Bhopal Disaster and the Environment 39: Uday Shankar and Arindam Basu: Energy and Sustainability Part XI: Enforcement and Litigation 40: Dhvani Mehta and Debadityo Sinha: Penalties and Compensation 41: Gitanjali Nain Gill: National Green Tribunal and the Environment 42: Kaveri Gill: Courts and Solid Waste Management in Urban Areas Index

Dr Philippe Cullet is Professor of International and Environmental Law at SOAS University of London and a Visiting Professor at the National Law University, Delhi. He received his doctoral degree in law from Stanford University, an MA in Development Studies from SOAS University of London, an LLM from King's College London, and a law degree from the University of Geneva. Dr Cullet has published extensively on environmental law, natural resources, water and sanitation, and socio-economic rights, and engages regularly with policymakers at the national and international levels. He is an Editor of the Law, Environment and Development (LEAD) Journal--a joint publication of SOAS University of London and the International Environmental Law Research Centre (IELRC), Geneva.Dr Lovleen Bhullar is an Assistant Professor at Birmingham Law School, University of Birmingham. Previously, she was a Research Fellow in Regulation and Antimicrobial Resistance at Edinburgh Law School. Dr Bhullar holds an LLB degree from the National Law School of India University, Bangalore, an LLM in Environmental Law, a PhD from SOAS University of London, and an MSc in Environmental Policy and Regulation from the London School of Economics and Political Science. She is an Editor of the Law, Environment and Development (LEAD) journal--a joint publication of SOAS University of London and the International Environmental Law Research Centre (IELRC), Geneva.Dr Sujith Koonan is an Associate Professor at the Centre for International Legal Studies, School of International Studies, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi. He completed his PhD from SOAS University of London, where he was a recipient of the SOAS Doctoral Research Scholarship (2013-16). He holds an MPhil in International Law from Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi, and an LLM in Environmental Law and Human Rights from Cochin University of Science and Technology, Kochi. He is a Member, Editorial Board, of the Law, Environment and Development (LEAD) journal--a joint publication of SOAS University of London and the International Environmental Law Research Centre (IELRC), Geneva. His main areas of interest are environmental law, water and sanitation, law and natural resources, international law, human rights, and agro-biodiversity.

• Foreword List of Contributors Introduction Part I: Background and Context 1: Vinita Damodaran and Sourav Kumar Mahanta: Environment, Natural Resources, and Environmental History 2: Bharat H. Desai: International Environmental Law and Interface with India's Domestic Law 3: Shawkat Alam: Cross-Fertilization of Environmental Law in the SAARC: Exploring Substantive and Constitutional Environmental Rights 4: Shyam Divan: The Environment, the Constitution, and the Legal Framework at the National Level 5: Nairita Roy Chowdhury: Environmental Movements and Law Part II: Institutional and Regulatory Dimensions 6: Virginius Xaxa: Governing the Environment in the 5th and 6th Schedule Areas 7: Prabhash Ranjan: Bilateral Investment Treaties and the Environment 8: M.N. Murty and Sushama Murty: Economic Instruments and Economic Regulators 9: Charu Sharma and Vishavjeet Chaudhary: Liability Part III: Principles and Concepts 10: Nupur Chowdhury and Haaris Moosa: Sustainable Development: Exploring Jurisprudential and Policy Trajectories 11: Preeta Dhar and Parul Gupta: Prevention, Precaution, and Polluter Pays Principles 12: Roopa Madhav: Public Trust Doctrine 13: Shalini Iyengar: Environmental Duties 14: Stellina Jolly: Rights of Nature 15: Shiju Mazhuvanchery: Procedural Environmental Rights 16: Arpitha Kodiveri: Due Process and Environmental Law Part IV: Land, Agriculture, and Biodiversity 17: M.S. Vani: Individual and Community Property Rights and Duties in Land and the Environment 18: Zainab Lokhandwala: Agriculture, Food Systems, and the Environment 19: Jagjit Kaur Plahe and Wendell S.C.L. Cornwall: Agriculture and Technology 20: Alphonsa Jojan: Conservation and Use of Biological Resources 21: Sophy K.J.: Biosafety in Synthetic Biology Part V: Fisheries and Marine Environment 22: Divya Karnad: Marine Fisheries 23: Tony George Puthucherril: Protecting the Coastal and the Marine Environment Part VI: Forests, Ecosystems, and People 24: Sharachchandra Lélé: Forest Management and Conservation Regime 25: Shomona Khanna: Forest Rights and the Forest Rights Act 26: Sanjay Upadhyay: Ecosystems' Protection and Wildlife Part VII: Air, Climate Change, and Disasters 27: Shibani Ghosh: Air Quality Regulation 28: Navroz K. Dubash, Aditya Valiathan Pillai, and Anirudh Sridhar: Climate Change: Policy, Institutional, and Legal Frameworks 29: Birsha Ohdedar: Environmental Disasters and Climate Change Part VIII: Water 30: Himanshu Kulkarni and Kumar Satyam: Groundwater Law: Protection and Use 31: Aviram Sharma: Water Quality and Water Pollution 32: K.J. Joy, Neha Bhadbhade, Sarita Bhagat, and Abraham Samuel: Water Sharing and Protection: Inter-State Dimensions 33: Srinivas Chokkakula: Water Disputes and the Environment: Transboundary Dimensions Part IX: Health and Sanitation 34: Awadhendra Sharan: Health and the Environment 35: Tanvi Bhatkal and Lyla Mehta: Sanitation: Linkages with the Environment and Public Health Part X: Resource Extraction, Industrial Development, and Energy 36: Sarvajeet Kumar Sinha and Roopa Madhav: Mining and the Environment 37: T.R. Subramanya and Aruna L.: Hazardous Waste 38: Arpitha Kodiveri and Salil Tripathi: The Bhopal Disaster and the Environment 39: Uday Shankar and Arindam Basu: Energy and Sustainability Part XI: Enforcement and Litigation 40: Dhvani Mehta and Debadityo Sinha: Penalties and Compensation 41: Gitanjali Nain Gill: National Green Tribunal and the Environment 42: Kaveri Gill: Courts and Solid Waste Management in Urban Areas Index