This book provides a timely analysis of Indigenous movements in Latin America, examining how they confront the enduring legacies of colonialism and the pressures of global capitalism. Focusing on Bolivia and Mexico, it explores struggles over territory and resources alongside efforts to defend alternative forms of social relations and political belonging. In bringing Marxist analysis into productive dialogue with contemporary Indigenous theory and lived practices of resistance, the book advances a distinctive analysis of power and resistance. Through its engagement with debates on mestizaje, plurinationalism, and post-liberal citizenship, the book speaks to questions that resonate in and beyond the region.Marxism and the Marginalized contributes to growing debates in international politics on the discipline's Eurocentrism and racial silencing as well as broader calls to decolonize the subject. Rejecting the reduction of Indigenous struggles to the sphere of domestic politics, the book reconceptualizes such struggles as forms of international relations from below. In doing so, it demonstrates how these movements not only contest dominant ways of knowing but also generate new political and theoretical horizons. By foregrounding Indigenous struggles, the book expands the empirical and conceptual boundaries of international politics. Highlighting Indigenous survivance and the vitality of communal practices, it shows how these struggles offer both a critique of capitalism and an inspiration for imagining alternative futures in an era of deepening environmental crisis.