Professor Sir Adam Roberts is Senior Research Fellow, Department of Politics and International Relations, Oxford University, and Emeritus Fellow of Balliol College, Oxford. His main academic interests are in the fields of international security, international organizations, and international law (including the laws of war). He has also worked extensively on the role of civil resistance against dictatorial regimes and foreign rule, and on the history of thought about international relations. In 1968-81 he was Lecturer in International Relations at the London School of Economics and Political Science (LSE). In 1981-6 he was Alastair Buchan Reader in International Relations and Fellow of St Antony's College, Oxford. In 1986-2007 he was Montague Burton Professor of International Relations at Oxford University and Fellow of Balliol College.Professor Timothy Garton Ash is the author of eight books of political writing or 'history of the present' which have charted the transformation of Europe over the last quarter-century. He is Professor of European Studies in the University of Oxford, Isaiah Berlin Professorial Fellow at St Antony's College, Oxford, and a Senior Fellow at the Hoover Institution, Stanford University. His essays appear regularly in the New York Review of Books and he writes a weekly column in the Guardian which is widely syndicated in Europe, Asia and the Americas. Throughout the nineteen eighties, he reported and analysed the emancipation of Central Europe from communism in contributions to the New York Review of Books, the Independent, the Times, and the Spectator.

a highly informative compilation of differing quests for political, economic, and social change over the past half-century ... The great value of Civil Resistance and Power Politics is to provide relatively succinct accounts of these diverse events in such a way as to underline both their differences and their similarities.

• Foreword on the Arab Spring ; Preface ; Acknowledgements ; Contents ; List of Illustrations ; List of Contributors ; List of Initial Questions ; 1. Civil Resistance and Power Politics ; 2. People Power and Protest: The Literature on Civil Resistance in Historical Context ; 3. Gandhi and Civil Resistance in India, 1917-47: Key Issues ; 4. The US Civil Rights Movement: Power from Below and Above, 1945-70 ; 5. The Interplay of Non-violent and Violent Action in Northern Ireland, 1967-72 ; 6. The Dialectics of Empire: Soviet Leaders and the Challenge of Civil Resistance in East-Central Europe, 1968-91 ; 7. Civil Resistance in Czechoslovakia: From Soviet Invasion to 'Velvet Revolution', 1968-89 ; 8. Towards 'Self-Limiting Revolution': Poland, 1970-89 ; 9. Portugal: 'The Revolution of the Carnations', 1974-75 ; 10. Mass Protests in the Iranian Revolution, 1977-79 ; 11. 'People Power' in the Philippines, 1983-86 ; 12. Political Mass Mobilization against Authoritarian Rule: Pinochet's Chile, 1983-88 ; 13. The Interplay of Non-violent and Violent Action in the Movement against Apartheid in South Africa, 1983-94 ; 14. The Intersection of Ethnic Nationalism and People Power Tactics in the Baltic States, 1987-91 ; 15. The 1989 Demonstrations in Tiananmen Square and Beyond: Echoes of Gandhi ; 16. Civil Resistance and Civil Society: Lessons from the Collapse of the German Democratic Republic in 1989 ; 17. The Limits of Prudence: Civil Resistance in Kosovo, 1990-98 ; 18. Civil Society versus Slobodan Milosevic: Serbia, 1991-2000 ; 19. Georgia's 'Rose Revolution' of 2003: A Forceful Peace ; 20. Ukraine's 'Orange Revolution' of 2004: The Paradoxes of Negotiation ; 21. The Moment of the Monks: Burma, 2007 ; 22. A Century of Civil Resistance: Some Lessons and Questions

Professor Sir Adam Roberts is Senior Research Fellow, Department of Politics and International Relations, Oxford University, and Emeritus Fellow of Balliol College, Oxford. His main academic interests are in the fields of international security, international organizations, and international law (including the laws of war). He has also worked extensively on the role of civil resistance against dictatorial regimes and foreign rule, and on the history of thought about international relations. In 1968-81 he was Lecturer in International Relations at the London School of Economics and Political Science (LSE). In 1981-6 he was Alastair Buchan Reader in International Relations and Fellow of St Antony's College, Oxford. In 1986-2007 he was Montague Burton Professor of International Relations at Oxford University and Fellow of Balliol College.Professor Timothy Garton Ash is the author of eight books of political writing or 'history of the present' which have charted the transformation of Europe over the last quarter-century. He is Professor of European Studies in the University of Oxford, Isaiah Berlin Professorial Fellow at St Antony's College, Oxford, and a Senior Fellow at the Hoover Institution, Stanford University. His essays appear regularly in the New York Review of Books and he writes a weekly column in the Guardian which is widely syndicated in Europe, Asia and the Americas. Throughout the nineteen eighties, he reported and analysed the emancipation of Central Europe from communism in contributions to the New York Review of Books, the Independent, the Times, and the Spectator.

a highly informative compilation of differing quests for political, economic, and social change over the past half-century ... The great value of Civil Resistance and Power Politics is to provide relatively succinct accounts of these diverse events in such a way as to underline both their differences and their similarities.

• Foreword on the Arab Spring ; Preface ; Acknowledgements ; Contents ; List of Illustrations ; List of Contributors ; List of Initial Questions ; 1. Civil Resistance and Power Politics ; 2. People Power and Protest: The Literature on Civil Resistance in Historical Context ; 3. Gandhi and Civil Resistance in India, 1917-47: Key Issues ; 4. The US Civil Rights Movement: Power from Below and Above, 1945-70 ; 5. The Interplay of Non-violent and Violent Action in Northern Ireland, 1967-72 ; 6. The Dialectics of Empire: Soviet Leaders and the Challenge of Civil Resistance in East-Central Europe, 1968-91 ; 7. Civil Resistance in Czechoslovakia: From Soviet Invasion to 'Velvet Revolution', 1968-89 ; 8. Towards 'Self-Limiting Revolution': Poland, 1970-89 ; 9. Portugal: 'The Revolution of the Carnations', 1974-75 ; 10. Mass Protests in the Iranian Revolution, 1977-79 ; 11. 'People Power' in the Philippines, 1983-86 ; 12. Political Mass Mobilization against Authoritarian Rule: Pinochet's Chile, 1983-88 ; 13. The Interplay of Non-violent and Violent Action in the Movement against Apartheid in South Africa, 1983-94 ; 14. The Intersection of Ethnic Nationalism and People Power Tactics in the Baltic States, 1987-91 ; 15. The 1989 Demonstrations in Tiananmen Square and Beyond: Echoes of Gandhi ; 16. Civil Resistance and Civil Society: Lessons from the Collapse of the German Democratic Republic in 1989 ; 17. The Limits of Prudence: Civil Resistance in Kosovo, 1990-98 ; 18. Civil Society versus Slobodan Milosevic: Serbia, 1991-2000 ; 19. Georgia's 'Rose Revolution' of 2003: A Forceful Peace ; 20. Ukraine's 'Orange Revolution' of 2004: The Paradoxes of Negotiation ; 21. The Moment of the Monks: Burma, 2007 ; 22. A Century of Civil Resistance: Some Lessons and Questions

Professor Sir Adam Roberts is Senior Research Fellow, Department of Politics and International Relations, Oxford University, and Emeritus Fellow of Balliol College, Oxford. His main academic interests are in the fields of international security, international organizations, and international law (including the laws of war). He has also worked extensively on the role of civil resistance against dictatorial regimes and foreign rule, and on the history of thought about international relations. In 1968-81 he was Lecturer in International Relations at the London School of Economics and Political Science (LSE). In 1981-6 he was Alastair Buchan Reader in International Relations and Fellow of St Antony's College, Oxford. In 1986-2007 he was Montague Burton Professor of International Relations at Oxford University and Fellow of Balliol College.Professor Timothy Garton Ash is the author of eight books of political writing or 'history of the present' which have charted the transformation of Europe over the last quarter-century. He is Professor of European Studies in the University of Oxford, Isaiah Berlin Professorial Fellow at St Antony's College, Oxford, and a Senior Fellow at the Hoover Institution, Stanford University. His essays appear regularly in the New York Review of Books and he writes a weekly column in the Guardian which is widely syndicated in Europe, Asia and the Americas. Throughout the nineteen eighties, he reported and analysed the emancipation of Central Europe from communism in contributions to the New York Review of Books, the Independent, the Times, and the Spectator.

a highly informative compilation of differing quests for political, economic, and social change over the past half-century ... The great value of Civil Resistance and Power Politics is to provide relatively succinct accounts of these diverse events in such a way as to underline both their differences and their similarities.

• Foreword on the Arab Spring ; Preface ; Acknowledgements ; Contents ; List of Illustrations ; List of Contributors ; List of Initial Questions ; 1. Civil Resistance and Power Politics ; 2. People Power and Protest: The Literature on Civil Resistance in Historical Context ; 3. Gandhi and Civil Resistance in India, 1917-47: Key Issues ; 4. The US Civil Rights Movement: Power from Below and Above, 1945-70 ; 5. The Interplay of Non-violent and Violent Action in Northern Ireland, 1967-72 ; 6. The Dialectics of Empire: Soviet Leaders and the Challenge of Civil Resistance in East-Central Europe, 1968-91 ; 7. Civil Resistance in Czechoslovakia: From Soviet Invasion to 'Velvet Revolution', 1968-89 ; 8. Towards 'Self-Limiting Revolution': Poland, 1970-89 ; 9. Portugal: 'The Revolution of the Carnations', 1974-75 ; 10. Mass Protests in the Iranian Revolution, 1977-79 ; 11. 'People Power' in the Philippines, 1983-86 ; 12. Political Mass Mobilization against Authoritarian Rule: Pinochet's Chile, 1983-88 ; 13. The Interplay of Non-violent and Violent Action in the Movement against Apartheid in South Africa, 1983-94 ; 14. The Intersection of Ethnic Nationalism and People Power Tactics in the Baltic States, 1987-91 ; 15. The 1989 Demonstrations in Tiananmen Square and Beyond: Echoes of Gandhi ; 16. Civil Resistance and Civil Society: Lessons from the Collapse of the German Democratic Republic in 1989 ; 17. The Limits of Prudence: Civil Resistance in Kosovo, 1990-98 ; 18. Civil Society versus Slobodan Milosevic: Serbia, 1991-2000 ; 19. Georgia's 'Rose Revolution' of 2003: A Forceful Peace ; 20. Ukraine's 'Orange Revolution' of 2004: The Paradoxes of Negotiation ; 21. The Moment of the Monks: Burma, 2007 ; 22. A Century of Civil Resistance: Some Lessons and Questions