Dawn of Modern Cosmology

Aviva Rothman (External Editor, Translator) Aviva Rothman is Associate Professor of History at Case Western University. She is a historian of science whose work focuses on the early modern period, and is the author of The Pursuit of Harmony: Kepler on Cosmos, Confession and Community (University of Chicago Press, 2017).

• Introduction A Note on Translation Timeline of Key Events Hartmann Schedel, Seventh Day from Nuremberg Chronicle, 1493 Nicolaus Copernicus, Little Commentary, 1514 Georg Joachim Rheticus, First Account, 1540 To the Reader, Copernicus, On the Revolutions of the Heavenly Spheres, 1543 Copernicus, Prefatory Material from On the Revolutions of the Heavenly Spheres, 1543 Copernicus, Book One, On the Revolutions of the Heavenly Spheres, 1543 Copernicus, Heliocentric System from On the Revolutions, 1543 Copernicus, Tusi Couple from On the Revolutions,1543 Erasmus Reinhold, Prutenic Tables, 1551 Robert Recorde, The Castle of Knowledge, 1556 Tycho Brahe, On the New Star, 1573 Thomas Digges, A Perfect Description of the Celestial Orbs, 1576 Digges, Frontispiece, A Perfect Description of the Celestial Orbs, 1576 Diego de Zúñiga of Salamanca, Commentary on Job, 1584 Giordano Bruno, Ash Wednesday Supper, 1584 Tycho Brahe, On Recent Celestial Phenomena, 1588 Johannes Kepler, Cosmographic Mystery, 1596 Galileo Galilei and Kepler, Correspondence, 1597 Brahe, Instruments of a Restored Astronomy, 1598 William Gilbert, On the Magnet, 1600 Kepler, The Dream, 1608 (published 1634) Kepler, A New Astronomy Based upon Causes, or Celestial Physics, Treated by Means ofCommentaries on the Motions of Mars, 1609 Kepler, Orbit of Mars, from New Astronomy, 1609 Galileo Galilei, The Starry Messenger, 1610 Kepler, Conversation with The Starry Messenger, 1610 Kepler, Dioptrics, 1611 John Donne, ‘First Anniversary: An Anatomy of the World’, 1611 Christoph Scheiner and Galileo, Letters on Sunspots, 1612–1613 Galileo, Letters on Sunspots, Image of Sunspots, 1613 Galileo, Letter to Benedetto Castelli, 1613 Simon Marius, The Jovian World, 1614 Johannes Locher, Mathematical Disquisitions Concerning Astronomical Controversiesand Novelties, 1614 Paolo Antonio Foscarini, Letter on the Pythagorean and Copernican Opinion about the Mobilityof the Earth, 1615 Robert Bellarmine, Letter to Foscarini, 1615 Galileo, Letter to the Grand Duchess Christina, 1615Galileo and the Inquisition, 1615–1616 Kepler, Epitome of Copernican Astronomy,Book One, 1618 Kepler, The Harmony of the World, 1619 Kepler, Epitome of Copernican Astronomy, Book Four, 1620 Tommaso Campanella, Apologia for Galileo, 1622 Galileo, The Assayer, 1623 Galileo, Phases of Venus from The Assayer, 1623 Kepler, Frontispiece, Rudolphine Tables, 1627 The Vatican Secretary to the Florentine Inquisitor, 24 May 1631 Galileo, Dialogue on the Great World Systems, Ptolemaic and Copernican, Frontispiece andTitle Page, 1632 Galileo, Dialogue on the Great World Systems, Ptolemaic and Copernican, 1632Campanella, Letter to Galileo, 1632 Galileo, Trial Documents, 1632–1633 René Descartes, The World, or a Treatise on Light, c.1629–1633 Descartes, Letters to Mersenne, 1633–1634 Galileo, Discourses and Demonstrations on Two New Sciences, 1638 John Wilkins, A Discovery of a World in the Moon, 1638 Francis Godwin, The Man in the Moon, or A Discourse of a Voyage Thither by Domingo Gonsales, 1638 Wilkins, Frontispiece, A Discourse Concerning A New World & Another Planet, 1640 Descartes, Principles of Philosophy, 1644 Giovanni Battista Riccioli, New Almagest, 1651 Riccioli, Frontispiece, New Almagest, 1651 Riccioli, Map of the Moon, from New Almagest, 1651 Andreas Cellarius, Frontispiece, Celestial Atlas, or Macrocosmic Harmonies, 1660 John Milton, Paradise Lost, 1667Johannes Hevelius, Celestial Machine, 1673 Robert Hooke, An Attempt to Prove the Motion of the Earth by Observations, 1674 Bernard Le Bovier de Fontenelle, Conversations on the Plurality of Worlds, 1686 Edmond Halley, Opening Poem to Isaac Newton, Mathematical Principles of Natural Philosophy (Principia), 1687Isaac Newton, Mathematical Principles of Natural Philosophy (Principia), 1687 Newton, Parabolic Path of a Comet from Mathematical Principles of Natural Philosophy (Principia), 1687 Newton, General Scholium from Mathematical Principles of Natural Philosophy (Principia), Second Edition, 1713 Newton, A Treatise of the System of the World, 1728 Frontispiece, Andrew Motte’s English Translation of Book 1 of Newton’s Mathematical Principles of Natural Philosophy, 1730 Voltaire, Frontispiece, Elements of the Philosophy of Newton, 1738 James Ferguson, Astronomy, Explained upon Sir Isaac Newton’s Principles, and Made Easy to Those Who Have Not Studied Mathematics, 1756 Appendix: Other Translations and Works of Interest Index