Building Bridges Between Chan Buddhism and Confucianism

Diana Arghirescu teaches Chinese philosophy and comparative philosophy at the Université du Québec à Montréal and is Research Director of the Observatoire de l'Asie de l'Est. She is author of De la continuité dynamique dans l'univers confucéen: Lecture néoconfucéenne du Zhongyong, a philosophical translation and interpretation of Zhu Xi's commentaries.

"This book gives a clear, systematic and detailed exposition of the thought of the Chinese Buddhist monk Qisong (1007-1072), which serves as a bridge to communicate between Chan Buddhism and Confucianism in the early Song dynasty of China. The author presents a vivid interpretation of Qisong's thought through a very detailed textual analysis of his works and a comparison between Qisong's theoretical system and that of the great Song Neo-Confucian Zhu Xi who lived about a century later. There is no doubt that Qisong's thought represents a significant mode of synthesis of Chinese Buddhist and Confucian theories, and should assume a position in the intellectual history of China. To me, this book successfully demonstrates the Chan Buddhist thought of Qisong inspired and stimulated the Neo-Confucian philosophical awareness of the metaphysical insight latent in the Confucian classics and in turn contributed to the rise and flourish of Song-Ming Neo-Confucianism."—Simon Man Ho Wong, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology"Although the great intellectual traditions of Buddhism and Confucianism existed alongside  each other in a complex manner through several centuries of Chinese history, truly sophisticated attempts at mutual intellectual understanding between them were almost nonexistent for most of this period. It was not until the Song dynasty when the necessary impetus and intellectual erudition manifested itself in the mind of the eminent Chan master Qisong (1007–1072). Qisong, who was also deeply conversant in the texts of Confucianism, brought the Buddhist-Confucian dialogue to a new philosophical level in his writings. In this book Diana Arghirescu has provided us with a rich annotated translation of some of Qisong's central works, along with a substantial introduction to their philosophical role. This book goes far in filling in a large gap in our understanding of Song intellectual history."—A. Charles Muller, Musashino University"An impressive in-depth analysis. It introduces a prominent voice of early Song Buddhism. At the same time, the author is adding a crucial perspective on the formative stage of daoxue Confucianism in the 11th century."—Christian Soffel, Universität Trier

• AcknowledgmentsAbbreviations and ConventionsIntroduction1. Chan Scholar-Monk Qisong on the Affinities and Differences Between Chan Buddhism and Confucianism in Inquiry into the Teachings (Yuanjiao )2. An Eleventh Century Confucianized and Cohesive Form of Chan: Qisong's Interpretation of "Teaching" (jiao ) in the Extensive Inquiry into the Teachings (Guang Yuanjiao )3. Qisong's Letter of Advice (Quanshu ): An Examination and Correction of the Deficiencies of Confucianism4. Qisong on Buddhist Filial Devotion (xiao ): A Buddhist-Confucian Comparative Perspective5. Heart-Mind (xin), Emotions (qing) and Nature-Emptiness (xing) in Qisong's Thought: A Song-Dynasty Interpretation of Cohesive Chan Practice Intended for Confucian Scholars6. Qisong on Universal Principle (li), Nothingness (wu) and the Encomium of the Platform Sutra (Tanjing zan): Answers avant la Lettre to Zhu Xi's Twelfth-Century Criticism7. Spiritual Discipline, Emotions and Behavior during the Song Dynasty: Zhu Xi's and Qisong's Commentaries on the Zhongyong in Comparative PerspectiveConclusionNotesBibliographyIndex