Rising rates of stress, anxiety, and depression highlight the need to understand how the brain builds resilience across life stages. The National Academies' Forum on Neuroscience and Nervous System Disorders, in collaboration with the Forum on Mental Health and Substance Use Disorders, hosted a workshop in March 2025 to explore the neurobiological mechanisms of stress; critical periods for resilience development; and strategies to apply these insights in clinical, public health, and community-based approaches. This Proceedings of a Workshop highlights presentations and discussions that occurred at the workshop.
