Quangos, Accountability and Reform

SIR PETER BALDWIN KCB Chairman of the Charities Aid FoundationALAN BOOKER Formerly Deputy Director General of Water Services (OFWAT)DR JURGEN FIEDLER Sub-Director in the German Federal Ministry of Finance in BonnALISTAIR GRAHAM Chief Executive at the Leeds TECDR CARSTEN GREVE Assistant Professor in Public Administration at the University of CopenhagenBRIAN LANDERS Formerly Finance Director of the Prison Service 1993-96; Chief Executive of WaterstonesPROF. FRANS L. LEEUW Professor and Director of the Department of Humanities, Netherlands Open UniversityANTHONY MAYER Chief Executive of the Housing CorporationHUGH MCCONNEL Formerly PERC Quango Project OfficerANDREW PEET Councillor for Tameside Metropolitan Borough CouncilANDREW PURSSELL Currently employed as Environmental Policy Officer PROF. GERRY STOKER Professor of Politics at the University of Strathclyde SANDRA VAN THIEL Research Fellow at the Inter-University Center for Social Science Theory and Methodology (ICS)DR ENID WISTRICH Research Co-ordinator in the School of History and Politics at Middlesex UniversityDR TONY WRIGHT Member of Parliament for Cannock Chase, author of Citizens and Subjects and Socialisms

'The debate about quangos in Britain is curiously unreal, focusing as it has mostly on how many there are and how much 'sleaze' can be detected among quangocrats. The press are now sniffing around for political patronage and irregularities in quangoland under the new Labour government. This collection of essays marshalled by Matthew Flinders and Martin Smith, provides an invaluable counter-balance to the quango-hunting approach that has dominated the debate since the mid-1970s. They begin by acknowledging the value and virtues of quangos and the complexity of the issues which surround them. They have collected a remarkably broad and sane group of quango executives and academics to share their experience and broaden our grasp of those issues, and the section on international experience of quangos and their governance is a useful reminder that quangos exist in all liberal democracies, even if not with such an exotic and odd names as here. Odd, too, are Britain's informal, almost careless, processes for establishing quangos, making them accountable, appointing members and securing a proper working balance between hands-on control and arm's-length relations, and between public and private. If Labour wants to get the balance right, then the various ministers who are now dealing separately with their own collections of quangos would do well to sit round a table together and read this book, and especially perhaps Labour MP Tony Wright's proposals on patronage. But everyone should read the blistering account of life at the Prison Department under the heel of the Home Office by Brian Landers, the former finance director. Here in microcosm is a vivid portrait of significant failings in Whitehall and Westminster and a crisp set of ideas for reform.' - Stuart Weir, Director, The Democratic Audit, Human Rights Centre, University of Essex

• Foreword; D.Marquand Preface Notes on Contributors PART ONE: HISTORY, PERSPECTIVES AND DEBATE Setting the Scene: Quangos in Context; M.Flinders Diversity and Complexity: the Quango Continuum; M.Flinders and H.McConnel Quangos: Why do Governments Love Them?; M.Flinders Quangos and Local Democracy; G.Stoker PART TWO: AN INTERNATIONAL PERSPECTIVE Quangos in Germany?; J.Fiedler Quangos-cratization in the Netherlands; F.L.Leeuw and S.van Thiel Quangos in New Zealand; E.Wistrich Quangos in Denmark and Scandinavia: Trends, Problems and Perspectives; C.Greve PART THREE: THE INSIDER'S VIEW The Housing Corporation: Multiple Lines of Accountability; A.Mayer Of Ministers, Mandarins and Managers; B.Landers Local Government and the Unelected State; A.Purssell Quango Watch: A Local Authority Perspective; A.Peet A National Health Service in Quangoland; P.Baldwin The Accountability of Training and Enterprise Councils; A.Graham Balancing the Scales: The Growth, Role and Future of the Regulators; A.Booker On Patronage and Appointments; T.Wright Conclusion: Realising the Democratic Potential of Quangos; M.Flinders and M.Smith