GARY M. STERN, Research Associate at the Center for National Security Studies, focuses on the war powers and other issues involving national security and civil liberties. He co-authored Lawful Wars with Morton Halperin in Foreign Policy (Fall 1988) and the American Civil Liberties Union amicus curiae brief in Dellums v. Bush in 1990.MORTON H. HALPERIN, Senior Associate at the Carnegie Endowment for International Peace, was formerly the Director of the Advisory Board of the Center for National Security Studies and the American Civil Liberties Union. His many books include Self-Determination in the New World Order (1992) and Nuclear Fallacy (1987).

• Acknowledgments Introduction by Gary M. Stern and Morton H. Halperin Historical Survey of the War Powers and the Use of Force by Louis Fisher Constitutional Constraints: The War Clause by Peter Raven-Hansen Statutory Constraints: The War Powers Resolution by Ellen C. Collier Treaty Constraints: The United Nations Charter and War Powers by Jane E. Stromseth International Law Constraints by Jules Lobel Judicial Constraints: The Courts and War Powers by Harold Hongju Koh Constraints on "Covert" Paramilitary Action by Gregory F. Treverton "Covert" Paramilitary Action and War Powers by Gary M. Stern and Morton H. Halperin Emergency War Powers by John Norton Moore Common Ground by Gary M. Stern and Morton H. Halperin Appendix Selected Bibliography Index