Diagnostic Pathology: Genitourinary

Mahul B. Amin, MD is the returning lead author from the previous edition. He is currently Clinical Professor at the Department of Pathology at the University of Tennessee Health Science Center and the Endowed Chair for Cancer Research and Adjunct Professor, at the Department of Urology, University of Southern California, Keck School of Medicine in Los Angeles, California. His is board certified by the American Board of Pathology in both Anatomic and Clinical Pathology. Dr. Amin was the Editor in Chief of the 8th Edition AJCC TNM Staging Manual, as well as the Editor in Chief of Advances in Anatomic Pathology. His special research interests include urological cancer, quality assurance and improvement, laboratory medicine, and molecular pathology.

"This is the third edition of the genitourinary volume in the popular Diagnostic Pathology series. It is a comprehensive reference and atlas for diseases involving the genitourinary tract. The previous edition was published in 2016." --©Doody’s Review Service, 2023, Kyle Perry, MD (Henry Ford Health Systems) Doody's Score: 5 Stars!

• SECTION 1: KIDNEYIntroduction and Overview1. Introduction to Renal Cell TumorsSatish K. Tickoo, MD and Victor E. Reuter, MD10 Classification of Kidney Tumors and Tumor-Like LesionsSatish K. Tickoo, MD and Victor E. Reuter, MDFamilial Cancer Syndromes12 von Hippel-Lindau SyndromeSatish K. Tickoo, MD and Victor E. Reuter, MD16 Birt-Hogg-Dubé SyndromeSatish K. Tickoo, MD and Victor E. Reuter, MD20 Hereditary Leiomyomatosis Renal Cell Carcinoma SyndromeSatish K. Tickoo, MD, Victor E. Reuter, MD, and Mahul B. Amin, MD24 Tuberous Sclerosis ComplexSatish K. Tickoo, MD and Victor E. Reuter, MD28 Succinate Dehydrogenase Complex Deficiency SyndromeSatish K. Tickoo, MD and Victor E. Reuter, MD32 Hereditary Papillary Renal Cancer and Miscellaneous Other Familial Cancer SyndromesSatish K. Tickoo, MD and Victor E. Reuter, MDNonneoplastic Lesions38 Renal Tuberculosis, Xanthogranulomatous Pyelonephritis, Renal MalakoplakiaSatish K. Tickoo, MD and Victor E. Reuter, MDRenal Cell Tumors, Benign44 Papillary AdenomaSatish K. Tickoo, MD and Victor E. Reuter, MD48 Renal OncocytomaSatish K. Tickoo, MD and Victor E. Reuter, MDRenal Cell Carcinoma54 Clear Cell Renal Cell CarcinomaSatish K. Tickoo, MD and Victor E. Reuter, MD64 Multilocular Cystic Renal Neoplasm of Low Malignant PotentialSatish K. Tickoo, MD and Victor E. Reuter, MD68 Clear Cell Renal Cancers With Fibromyomatous Stroma, Including ELOC (Formerly TCEB1) Mutated Renal Cell CarcinomaJudy Sarungbam, MD, Satish K. Tickoo, MD, and Victor E. Reuter, MD74 Clear Cell Papillary Renal Cell TumorSatish K. Tickoo, MD and Victor E. Reuter, MD82 Papillary Renal Cell CarcinomaSatish K. Tickoo, MD and Victor E. Reuter, MD92 Chromophobe Renal Cell CarcinomaSatish K. Tickoo, MD and Victor E. Reuter, MD100 Collecting Duct CarcinomaSatish K. Tickoo, MD and Victor E. Reuter, MD106 SMARCB1-Deficient Renal Medullary Carcinoma and SMARCB1-Deficient Medullary-Like Renal Cell CarcinomaSatish K. Tickoo, MD and Victor E. Reuter, MD112 TFE3- and TFEB-Rearranged Renal Cell CarcinomasSatish K. Tickoo, MD and Victor E. Reuter, MD120 Mucinous Tubular and Spindle Cell CarcinomaSatish K. Tickoo, MD, Yingbei Chen, MD, and Victor E. Reuter, MD126 Tubulocystic Renal Cell CarcinomaSatish K. Tickoo, MD, Judy Sarungbam, MD, and Victor E. Reuter, MD130 Thyroid-Like Follicular Carcinoma of KidneySatish K. Tickoo, MD and Victor E. Reuter, MD134 Acquired Cystic Disease-Associated Renal Cell CarcinomaSatish K. Tickoo, MD and Victor E. Reuter, MD140 Fumarate Hydratase-Deficient Renal Cell CarcinomaJatin S. Gandhi, MD and Mahul B. Amin, MD144 ALK Rearrangement-Associated Renal Cell CarcinomaJatin S. Gandhi, MD and Mahul B. Amin, MD148 Eosinophilic Solid and Cystic Renal Cell CarcinomaJatin S. Gandhi, MD and Mahul B. Amin, MD150 Other Eosinophilic/Oncocytic Tumors, Including ESC, EVT, and LOTSatish K. Tickoo, MD and Victor E. Reuter, MD154 Subsequent 2nd TumorsSatish K. Tickoo, MD and Victor E. Reuter, MD158 Renal Cell Carcinoma, Not Otherwise SpecifiedSatish K. Tickoo, MD and Victor E. Reuter, MDMetanephric Tumors162 Metanephric AdenomaSatish K. Tickoo, MD and Victor E. Reuter, MD168 Metanephric Tumors Other Than Metanephric AdenomaSatish K. Tickoo, MD and Victor E. Reuter, MDNephroblastic Tumors172 Nephrogenic RestsSatish K. Tickoo, MD and Victor E. Reuter, MD176 Nephroblastoma (Wilms Tumor)Satish K. Tickoo, MD and Victor E. Reuter, MD186 Cystic Partially Differentiated NephroblastomaSatish K. Tickoo, MD and Victor E. Reuter, MDMesenchymal Tumors188 AngiomyolipomaSatish K. Tickoo, MD and Victor E. Reuter, MD194 Epithelioid Angiomyolipoma/Epithelioid PEComaSatish K. Tickoo, MD and Victor E. Reuter, MD200 Congenital Mesoblastic NephromaSatish K. Tickoo, MD and Victor E. Reuter, MD204 Clear Cell Sarcoma of KidneySatish K. Tickoo, MD and Victor E. Reuter, MD208 Rhabdoid Tumor of KidneySatish K. Tickoo, MD and Victor E. Reuter, MDMixed Mesenchymal and Epithelial Tumors212 Mixed Epithelial and Stromal Tumor (MEST) Family TumorsSatish K. Tickoo, MD and Victor E. Reuter, MD220 Pediatric Cystic NephromaSatish K. Tickoo, MD and Victor E. Reuter, MD224 Synovial SarcomaSatish K. Tickoo, MD and Victor E. Reuter, MDNeuroendocrine Tumors228 Renal Neuroendocrine Tumor/Carcinoid Tumor and Neuroendocrine CarcinomaSatish K. Tickoo, MD and Victor E. Reuter, MD232 Renal Ewing SarcomaSatish K. Tickoo, MD and Victor E. Reuter, MDHematopoietic Tumors236 Hematopoietic TumorsSatish K. Tickoo, MD, Judy Sarungbam, MD, and Victor E. Reuter, MDMetastatic and Other Tumors242 Juxtaglomerular Cell Tumor (Reninoma)Satish K. Tickoo, MD and Victor E. Reuter, MD246 Renomedullary Interstitial Cell TumorSatish K. Tickoo, MD and Victor E. Reuter, MD250 Other Rare TumorsSatish K. Tickoo, MD and Victor E. Reuter, MD258 Metastatic TumorsSatish K. Tickoo, MD and Victor E. Reuter, MDImmunohistochemical Profiles for Tumors Involving Kidney262 Immunohistochemistry, KidneySatish K. Tickoo, MD and Victor E. Reuter, MDSECTION 2 Introduction and Overview270 Classification of Bladder Tumors and Tumor-Like LesionsSteven Christopher Smith, MD, PhDMicroscopic Anatomy272 Microscopic Anatomy of Urinary BladderHikmat Al-Ahmadie, MD and Mahul B. Amin, MD276 Microscopic Anatomy of UrethraHikmat Al-Ahmadie, MD and Mahul B. Amin, MD280 Microscopic Anatomy of UreterSteven Christopher Smith, MD, PhD282 Microscopic Anatomy of Renal PelvisSteven Christopher Smith, MD, PhDNonneoplastic Lesions of Urinary Tract286 Overview of CystitisSteven Christopher Smith, MD, PhD292 Polypoid CystitisSteven Christopher Smith, MD, PhD300 MalakoplakiaSteven Christopher Smith, MD, PhD306 SchistosomiasisSteven Christopher Smith, MD, PhD308 von Brunn NestsSteven Christopher Smith, MD, PhD314 Nephrogenic Adenoma (Metaplasia)Steven Christopher Smith, MD, PhD322 Fibroepithelial PolypSteven Christopher Smith, MD, PhD326 Prostatic-Type Polyp (Ectopic Prostate)Steven Christopher Smith, MD, PhD330 AmyloidosisSteven Christopher Smith, MD, PhD332 Müllerian LesionsSteven Christopher Smith, MD, PhD336 Pseudocarcinomatous HyperplasiaSteven Christopher Smith, MD, PhD344 HamartomaSteven Christopher Smith, MD, PhDUrothelial Neoplasms, General346 Overview of Urinary Bladder NeoplasmsHikmat Al-Ahmadie, MDFlat Urothelial Lesions350 Urothelial Carcinoma In SituSteven Christopher Smith, MD, PhD358 Flat Urothelial Lesions Other Than Carcinoma In SituSteven Christopher Smith, MD, PhDUROTHELIAL NEOPLASMS, NONINVASIVE362 Atypical Urothelial Proliferations, Flat and Tented Type (Formerly Flat and Papillary Hyperplasia)Jatin S. Gandhi, MD and Mahul B. Amin, MD364 Urothelial PapillomaSteven Christopher Smith, MD, PhD370 Papillary Urothelial Neoplasm of Low Malignant PotentialSteven Christopher Smith, MD, PhD374 Low-Grade Papillary Urothelial CarcinomaHikmat Al-Ahmadie, MD378 High-Grade Papillary Urothelial CarcinomaHikmat Al-Ahmadie, MD384 Inverted Urothelial NeoplasiaSteven Christopher Smith, MD, PhDUrothelial Neoplasms, Invasive394 Invasive Urothelial CarcinomaHikmat Al-Ahmadie, MD404 Urothelial Carcinoma, Subtypes and Divergent DifferentiationSteven Christopher Smith, MD, PhDGlandular Lesions426 Cystitis Cystica et GlandularisHikmat Al-Ahmadie, MD430 Villous AdenomaHikmat Al-Ahmadie, MD432 Invasive AdenocarcinomaHikmat Al-Ahmadie, MD438 Clear Cell AdenocarcinomaHikmat Al-Ahmadie, MDSquamous Lesions444 Squamous Proliferations Other Than CarcinomaHikmat Al-Ahmadie, MD448 Invasive Squamous Cell CarcinomaHikmat Al-Ahmadie, MDMesenchymal Lesions454 Myofibroblastic ProliferationsSteven Christopher Smith, MD, PhD462 Smooth Muscle TumorsSteven Christopher Smith, MD, PhD470 RhabdomyosarcomaSteven Christopher Smith, MD, PhD476 Other Mesenchymal TumorsSteven Christopher Smith, MD, PhDOther Tumors of Urinary Bladder484 ParagangliomaSteven Christopher Smith, MD, PhD492 Metastatic/Secondary Involvement of BladderSteven Christopher Smith, MD, PhDDiverticula of Urinary Tract500 DiverticulaHikmat Al-Ahmadie, MD and Mahul B. Amin, MD504 Diverticular-Associated NeoplasiaHikmat Al-Ahmadie, MD and Mahul B. Amin, MDURETHRA508 Inflammatory Lesions of UrethraSteven Christopher Smith, MD, PhD512 Carcinoma of UrethraSteven Christopher Smith, MD, PhD516 Other Tumors and Tumor-Like Lesions of UrethraSteven Christopher Smith, MD, PhDURETER520 Urothelial Carcinoma of UreterHikmat Al-Ahmadie, MD524 Other Tumors and Tumor-Like Lesions of UreterHikmat Al-Ahmadie, MDRENAL PELVIS530 Urothelial Carcinoma of Renal PelvisHikmat Al-Ahmadie, MD540 Other Tumors and Tumor-Like Lesions of Renal elvisUrachs546 Urachal RemnantsSteven Christopher Smith, MD, PhD548 Tumors of UrachusImmunohistochemical Profiles for Tumors Involving Urinary Bladder554 Immunohistochemistry, Urinary TractSECTION 3: PROSTATE GLAND AND SEMINAL VESICLEIntroduction and Overview562 Classification of Prostate Tumors and Tumor-Like LesionsGladell P. Paner, MD, (BS) MT564 General Concepts, Prostate570 Microanatomy and Zonal Variations580 Imaging Considerations for PathologistsNONNEOPLASTIC LESIONS584 Prostatitis588 Prostate Hyperplasia596 AdenosisHikmat Al-Ahmadie, MD and Mahul B. Amin, MD600 Atrophy and Its Patterns606 Hyperplasia of Mesonephric Remnants610 Verumontanum Mucosal Gland HyperplasiaGladell P. Paner, MD, (BS) MT and Deepika Sirohi, MD612 Nephrogenic Adenoma (Metaplasia) of Prostatic UrethraPUTATIVE PREMALIGNANT LESIONS AND LESIONS FALLING SHORT OF MALIGNANT DIAGNOSIS620 Prostatic Intraepithelial NeoplasiaProstate Neoplasms630 General Concepts, Prostate Carcinoma638 Acinar Adenocarcinoma656 Acinar Adenocarcinoma Subtypes and Patterns668 Atypical Small Acinar Proliferations674 Intraductal Proliferations and Ductal Carcinoma682 Ductal Adenocarcinoma690 Urothelial Carcinoma Involving Prostate Gland696 Prostate Carcinoma With Neuroendocrine Differentiation704 Adenoid Cystic (Basal Cell) Carcinoma of Prostate710 Sarcomatoid Carcinoma of Prostate716 Carcinomas With Squamous Differentiation722 Cystic Epithelial Tumors of Prostate724 Stromal Tumors732 Mesenchymal Tumors of Prostate740 Melanocytic Lesions of Prostate744 Hematopoietic Neoplasms of Prostate748 Secondary Tumors of ProstateTumors of Seminal Vesicle752 Mixed Epithelial and Stromal Tumor756 Seminal Vesicle AdenocarcinomaImmunohistochemical Profiles for Tumors and Tumor-Like Lesions Involving Prostate Gland758 Immunohistochemistry, ProstateSECTION 4: TESTIS AND PARATESTICULAR STRUCTURES766 Classification of Testis and Paratestis Tumors and Tumor-Like LesionsSteven S. Shen, MD, PhD, Muhammad T. Idrees, MD, and Jae Y. Ro, MD, PhD768 Cryptorchidism772 Sertoli Cell-Only SyndromeSteven S. Shen, MD, PhD and Jae Y. Ro, MD, PhD776 Nontuberculous Infections778 Nonspecific Granulomatous Orchitis780 Tuberculous Epididymo-OrchitisGerm Cell Tumors782 General Concepts, Germ Cell TumorsGerm Cell Tumors Related to Germ Cell Neoplasia In Situ790 Germ Cell Neoplasia In Situ796 Seminoma804 Intratubular Seminoma806 Intratubular Embryonal CarcinomaSteven S. Shen, MD, PhD808 Embryonal Carcinoma814 Yolk Sac Tumor822 Choriocarcinoma and Other Trophoblastic Tumors828 Postpubertal-Type Teratoma832 Mixed Germ Cell Tumors836 Somatic-Type Malignancy in Germ Cell Tumor838 Burnt-Out (Regressed) Germ Cell TumorGerm Cell Tumors Unrelated to Germ Cell Neoplasia In Situ840 Spermatocytic Tumor844 Pediatric Germ Cell Tumor, General Concepts846 Prepubertal-Type Teratoma850 Yolk Sac Tumor, Prepubertal Type854 Mixed Teratoma and Yolk Sac Tumor, Prepubertal TypeMuhammad T. Idrees, MD856 Well-Differentiated Neuroendocrine Tumor (Monodermal Teratoma)Sex Cord-/Gonadal Stromal Tumors860 General Concepts, Sex Cord-/Gonadal Stromal TumorsSteven S. Shen, MD, PhD, Mukul K. Divatia, MD, and Jae Y. Ro, MD, PhD868 Leydig Cell TumorsSteven S. Shen, MD, PhD, Muhammad T. Idrees, MD, Mukul K. Divatia, MD, and Jae Y. Ro, MD, PhD872 Sertoli Cell Tumors878 Large Cell Calcifying Sertoli Cell Tumor882 Intratubular Large Cell Hyalinizing Sertoli Cell TumorMukul K. Divatia, MD, Steven S. Shen, MD, PhD, and Muhammad T. Idrees, MD884 Granulosa Cell TumorSteven S. Shen, MD, PhD, Mukul K. Divatia, MD, and Muhammad T. Idrees, MD888 Juvenile Granulosa Cell Tumor892 Fibroma-ThecomaMukul K. Divatia, MD, Steven S. Shen, MD, PhD, and Jae Y. Ro, MD, PhD894 Myoid Gonadal Stromal Tumor896 Signet-Ring Stromal Tumors898 Testicular Tumor of Adrenogenital Syndrome902 Sex Cord-Stromal Tumor, Mixed/UnclassifiedSteven S. Shen, MD, PhD, Mukul K. Divatia, MD, and906 GonadoblastomaHematopoietic Tumors910 Lymphoma/Leukemia/PlasmacytomaTumors Of Paratesticular Structures916 Adenomatoid TumorSteven S. Shen, MD, PhD, Jae Y. Ro, MD, PhD, and Muhammad T. Idrees, MD920 Well-Differentiated Papillary Mesothelial Tumor922 Malignant Mesothelioma926 Adenocarcinoma of Rete Testis/Epididymis928 Epididymal Tumors930 Ovarian Epithelial-Type Tumors934 Liposarcoma940 Melanotic Neuroectodermal Tumor944 Rhabdomyosarcoma950 Other SarcomasMetastatic Tumors, Testis and Paratesticular Structures954 Metastatic Tumors, Testis and Paratesticular StructuresImmunohistochemical Profiles for Tumors Involving Testis and Paratesticular Structures958 Immunohistochemistry, TestisSECTION 5: PENIS AND SCROTUMFrequent Lesions of Uncertain Relationship to Penile Neoplasia968 CondylomaMaría José Fernández De Nestosa, PhD972 Lichen Sclerosus et AtrophicusElsa F. Velazquez, MD, Sofía Cañete-Portillo, MD, and Antonio L. Cubilla, MD974 Squamous HyperplasiaSofía Cañete-Portillo, MD, Diego Fernando Sánchez Martínez, MD, and Antonio L. Cubilla, MD978 LipogranulomaElsa F. Velazquez, MD and Antonio L. Cubilla, MD980 Scrotal CalcinosisPenile Intraepithelial Neoplasia982 Penile Intraepithelial NeoplasiaElsa F. Velazquez, MD, Diego Fernando Sánchez Martínez, MD, and Antonio L. Cubilla, MDPrimary Epithelial Tumors988 General Concepts, Squamous Cell Carcinoma (Including Staging and Molecular Pathology)Antonio L. Cubilla, MD, Diego Fernando Sánchez Martínez, MD, Sofía Cañete-Portillo, MD, Mahul B. Amin, MD, and Elsa F. Velazquez, MD1002 Overview of HPV- and Non-HPV-Related TumorsMaría José Fernández De Nestosa, PhD, Diego Fernando Sánchez Martínez, MD, Mahul B. Amin, MD, and Antonio L. Cubilla, MDSquamous Cell Carcinoma and Its Subtypes1006 Squamous Cell Carcinoma, Usual TypeAntonio L. Cubilla, MD, Diego Fernando Sánchez Martínez, MD, and Sofía Cañete-Portillo, MD1010 Basaloid Squamous Cell Carcinoma1014 Basaloid Squamous Cell Carcinoma, Papillary SubtypeDiego Fernando Sánchez Martínez, MD and Antonio L. Cubilla, MD1016 Warty (Condylomatous) Squamous Cell Carcinoma1020 Warty-Basaloid Squamous Cell Carcinoma1022 Verrucous Squamous Cell Carcinoma1026 Papillary Squamous Cell Carcinoma, Not Otherwise Specified1030 Pseudoglandular Squamous Cell Carcinoma1032 Pseudohyperplastic Squamous Cell Carcinoma1034 Cuniculatum Squamous Cell Carcinoma1038 Sarcomatoid Squamous Cell Carcinoma1042 Mixed Squamous Cell Carcinoma1046 Undifferentiated to Poorly Differentiated Squamous Cell Carcinomas With Prominent Inflammatory Infiltrate1048 Clear Cell CarcinomaOther Neoplastic Conditions1050 Extramammary Paget Disease1054 Kaposi SarcomaElsa F. Velazquez, MD, Jesse K. McKenney, MD, andAntonio L. Cubilla, MD1056 MyointimomaMahul B. Amin, MD and Jatin S. Gandhi, MDMetastatic Tumors1058 Metastatic Tumors, PenisImmunohistochemical Profiles for Tumors Involving Penis1060 Immunohistochemistry, Penis