BILL BRADSHAW was for 30 years a career railwayman during which time he held three senior executive positions as Director of Operations, Director of the Policy Unit and General Manager of the Western Region. Following a back injury he left British Rail and became Chairman of Ulsterbus, Professor of Transport Management of Salford University and has been a Senior Visiting Research Fellow at the Centre for Socio-Legal Studies at Wolfson College Oxford since 1986. During the last Parliament he was Specialist Adviser to the Transport Select Committee of the House of Commons. HELEN LAWTON SMITH has been a Research Fellow in the Centre for Local Economic Development, Coventry University since 1995. She is also Director of Science Policy Studies of the Regulatory Policy Research Centre at Hertford College, Oxford University. Her research interests include scientific labour markets in transition and regional innovation infrastructures.

• List of Contributors PART I: INTRODUCTION Introduction; B.Bradshaw & H.Lawton Smith Regulation of Transport: An Overview; A.Burchell PART II: BUS INDUSTRY Experience in the UK Bus and Coach Industry; P.White Competition and Local Bus Services; M.Parr Rural Transport After the Deregulation of Buses; A.Root PART III: RAILWAYS The Privatisation of British Rail; R.Davies Railway Regulation: Looking Ahead to the Millennium; C.Bolt Liberalised Access to the Railway Network; P. O Donnell Privatisation and Deregulation in Railways: An Assessment of the British Approach; C.Nash Regulation and Deregulation in a Subsidised Industry; Passenger Rail Franchising; B.Stannard Competitive Behaviour in Britain's Privatised Rail Industry; M.Schabas Japan Railways since Privatisation; F.Mizutani & K.Nakamura The Impact of Deregulation of the Planning System on the Ridership Potential of Local Rail Networks: 1979-95; R.Haywood PART IV: FREIGHT INDUSTRY A Comparison of Deregulation in the Road Haulage Markets of the UK, the EU and the USA; M.Browne & J.Allen PART V: AIRLINES The Ownership and Regulation of International Airlines; K.Button Development of Airport Slot Allocation Regulation in the European Community; C.Castles Allocating Airport Slots: A Role for the Market?; D.Starkie Whither Airport Regulation?; S.Condie PART VI: PORTS AND CHANNEL TUNNEL Privatisation and Deregulation in Seaports; A.J.Baird Nostra Culpae : Forecasts and Out-turns of Cross Channel Competition Between the Ferries and the Tunnel; S.Szymanski Index

BILL BRADSHAW was for 30 years a career railwayman during which time he held three senior executive positions as Director of Operations, Director of the Policy Unit and General Manager of the Western Region. Following a back injury he left British Rail and became Chairman of Ulsterbus, Professor of Transport Management of Salford University and has been a Senior Visiting Research Fellow at the Centre for Socio-Legal Studies at Wolfson College Oxford since 1986. During the last Parliament he was Specialist Adviser to the Transport Select Committee of the House of Commons. HELEN LAWTON SMITH has been a Research Fellow in the Centre for Local Economic Development, Coventry University since 1995. She is also Director of Science Policy Studies of the Regulatory Policy Research Centre at Hertford College, Oxford University. Her research interests include scientific labour markets in transition and regional innovation infrastructures.

• List of Contributors PART I: INTRODUCTION Introduction; B.Bradshaw & H.Lawton Smith Regulation of Transport: An Overview; A.Burchell PART II: BUS INDUSTRY Experience in the UK Bus and Coach Industry; P.White Competition and Local Bus Services; M.Parr Rural Transport After the Deregulation of Buses; A.Root PART III: RAILWAYS The Privatisation of British Rail; R.Davies Railway Regulation: Looking Ahead to the Millennium; C.Bolt Liberalised Access to the Railway Network; P. O Donnell Privatisation and Deregulation in Railways: An Assessment of the British Approach; C.Nash Regulation and Deregulation in a Subsidised Industry; Passenger Rail Franchising; B.Stannard Competitive Behaviour in Britain's Privatised Rail Industry; M.Schabas Japan Railways since Privatisation; F.Mizutani & K.Nakamura The Impact of Deregulation of the Planning System on the Ridership Potential of Local Rail Networks: 1979-95; R.Haywood PART IV: FREIGHT INDUSTRY A Comparison of Deregulation in the Road Haulage Markets of the UK, the EU and the USA; M.Browne & J.Allen PART V: AIRLINES The Ownership and Regulation of International Airlines; K.Button Development of Airport Slot Allocation Regulation in the European Community; C.Castles Allocating Airport Slots: A Role for the Market?; D.Starkie Whither Airport Regulation?; S.Condie PART VI: PORTS AND CHANNEL TUNNEL Privatisation and Deregulation in Seaports; A.J.Baird Nostra Culpae : Forecasts and Out-turns of Cross Channel Competition Between the Ferries and the Tunnel; S.Szymanski Index

BILL BRADSHAW was for 30 years a career railwayman during which time he held three senior executive positions as Director of Operations, Director of the Policy Unit and General Manager of the Western Region. Following a back injury he left British Rail and became Chairman of Ulsterbus, Professor of Transport Management of Salford University and has been a Senior Visiting Research Fellow at the Centre for Socio-Legal Studies at Wolfson College Oxford since 1986. During the last Parliament he was Specialist Adviser to the Transport Select Committee of the House of Commons. HELEN LAWTON SMITH has been a Research Fellow in the Centre for Local Economic Development, Coventry University since 1995. She is also Director of Science Policy Studies of the Regulatory Policy Research Centre at Hertford College, Oxford University. Her research interests include scientific labour markets in transition and regional innovation infrastructures.

• List of Contributors PART I: INTRODUCTION Introduction; B.Bradshaw & H.Lawton Smith Regulation of Transport: An Overview; A.Burchell PART II: BUS INDUSTRY Experience in the UK Bus and Coach Industry; P.White Competition and Local Bus Services; M.Parr Rural Transport After the Deregulation of Buses; A.Root PART III: RAILWAYS The Privatisation of British Rail; R.Davies Railway Regulation: Looking Ahead to the Millennium; C.Bolt Liberalised Access to the Railway Network; P. O Donnell Privatisation and Deregulation in Railways: An Assessment of the British Approach; C.Nash Regulation and Deregulation in a Subsidised Industry; Passenger Rail Franchising; B.Stannard Competitive Behaviour in Britain's Privatised Rail Industry; M.Schabas Japan Railways since Privatisation; F.Mizutani & K.Nakamura The Impact of Deregulation of the Planning System on the Ridership Potential of Local Rail Networks: 1979-95; R.Haywood PART IV: FREIGHT INDUSTRY A Comparison of Deregulation in the Road Haulage Markets of the UK, the EU and the USA; M.Browne & J.Allen PART V: AIRLINES The Ownership and Regulation of International Airlines; K.Button Development of Airport Slot Allocation Regulation in the European Community; C.Castles Allocating Airport Slots: A Role for the Market?; D.Starkie Whither Airport Regulation?; S.Condie PART VI: PORTS AND CHANNEL TUNNEL Privatisation and Deregulation in Seaports; A.J.Baird Nostra Culpae : Forecasts and Out-turns of Cross Channel Competition Between the Ferries and the Tunnel; S.Szymanski Index