Mahrukh Doctor is Senior Lecturer in Political Economy at the University of Hull and Adjunct Professorial Lecturer at the Johns Hopkins University SAIS-Europe. Her research interests include political economy of Brazil and regionalism in Latin America.

"This book joins an empirically rich case study of port reform in Brazil with a penetrating argument about how vested interests can block even such beneficial initiatives as infrastructure development. The book is a must-read for anyone interested in business-state relations and institutional change in emerging economies." - Kathryn Hochstetler, Professor of International Development, LSE'"Brazil cost" is a longstanding challenge that has just been made much more acute by the depth of the country's 2014/16 politico-economic upheavals. Mahrukh Doctor's major new contribution goes well beyond prior debates, and provides indispensable guidance both to the past and to the future. It incorporates the crucial political and social aspects of an issue that has too often been tackled from a decontextualized economic perspective. So it brings out the institutional mediations that help explain why change and reform has proved at best sluggish and incremental. This is not just an authoritative new contribution to Brazilian studies, but also a much needed spur to wider reanalysis of the challenges confronting many "emerging" market policymakers." - Laurence Whitehead, Senior Research Fellow, Nuffield College, Oxford, UK"Given the renewed emphasis in Brazil on investment in infrastructure, this book, an analysis of the Port Modernization Law of 1993, is very timely. It should appeal not just to specialists in infrastructure and ports, but to anyone interested in business-state relations and state formation in the Global South. Written by one of the most astute contemporary observers of Brazilian political economy, the book helps us to understand why the reform of state institutions in Brazil is so often slow and incremental." - Anthony Pereira, Director, Brazil Institute, King's College London

• IntroductionPart 1: Business Lobbying in Brazil: Theoretical and Empirical AspectsChapter 1: The Context: The Challenge of Boosting Competitiveness Chapter 2: The Story: Institutions, Actors and Port Reform LegislationChapter 3: The Theory: Institutional Change and Business LobbyingPart 2 : Port Reform in Brazil: Policy Formulation and ImplementationChapter 4: Full Steam Ahead - Spurs to Port Reform Legislation Chapter 5: A Perilous Journey - Institutions and Actors as Obstacles to ReformChapter 6: The Voyage So Far - Transport Logistics and Brazil Cost Part 3: Institutional Modernisation in Brazil: Analysis and Conclusions Chapter 7: Business Collective Action: From Corporatism to Policy NetworksChapter 8: Institutional Reform: Change via Sedimentation not Metamorphosis Appendix: List of Interviewees

Mahrukh Doctor is Senior Lecturer in Political Economy at the University of Hull and Adjunct Professorial Lecturer at the Johns Hopkins University SAIS-Europe. Her research interests include political economy of Brazil and regionalism in Latin America.

"This book joins an empirically rich case study of port reform in Brazil with a penetrating argument about how vested interests can block even such beneficial initiatives as infrastructure development. The book is a must-read for anyone interested in business-state relations and institutional change in emerging economies." - Kathryn Hochstetler, Professor of International Development, LSE'"Brazil cost" is a longstanding challenge that has just been made much more acute by the depth of the country's 2014/16 politico-economic upheavals. Mahrukh Doctor's major new contribution goes well beyond prior debates, and provides indispensable guidance both to the past and to the future. It incorporates the crucial political and social aspects of an issue that has too often been tackled from a decontextualized economic perspective. So it brings out the institutional mediations that help explain why change and reform has proved at best sluggish and incremental. This is not just an authoritative new contribution to Brazilian studies, but also a much needed spur to wider reanalysis of the challenges confronting many "emerging" market policymakers." - Laurence Whitehead, Senior Research Fellow, Nuffield College, Oxford, UK"Given the renewed emphasis in Brazil on investment in infrastructure, this book, an analysis of the Port Modernization Law of 1993, is very timely. It should appeal not just to specialists in infrastructure and ports, but to anyone interested in business-state relations and state formation in the Global South. Written by one of the most astute contemporary observers of Brazilian political economy, the book helps us to understand why the reform of state institutions in Brazil is so often slow and incremental." - Anthony Pereira, Director, Brazil Institute, King's College London

• IntroductionPart 1: Business Lobbying in Brazil: Theoretical and Empirical AspectsChapter 1: The Context: The Challenge of Boosting Competitiveness Chapter 2: The Story: Institutions, Actors and Port Reform LegislationChapter 3: The Theory: Institutional Change and Business LobbyingPart 2 : Port Reform in Brazil: Policy Formulation and ImplementationChapter 4: Full Steam Ahead - Spurs to Port Reform Legislation Chapter 5: A Perilous Journey - Institutions and Actors as Obstacles to ReformChapter 6: The Voyage So Far - Transport Logistics and Brazil Cost Part 3: Institutional Modernisation in Brazil: Analysis and Conclusions Chapter 7: Business Collective Action: From Corporatism to Policy NetworksChapter 8: Institutional Reform: Change via Sedimentation not Metamorphosis Appendix: List of Interviewees

Mahrukh Doctor is Senior Lecturer in Political Economy at the University of Hull and Adjunct Professorial Lecturer at the Johns Hopkins University SAIS-Europe. Her research interests include political economy of Brazil and regionalism in Latin America.

"This book joins an empirically rich case study of port reform in Brazil with a penetrating argument about how vested interests can block even such beneficial initiatives as infrastructure development. The book is a must-read for anyone interested in business-state relations and institutional change in emerging economies." - Kathryn Hochstetler, Professor of International Development, LSE'"Brazil cost" is a longstanding challenge that has just been made much more acute by the depth of the country's 2014/16 politico-economic upheavals. Mahrukh Doctor's major new contribution goes well beyond prior debates, and provides indispensable guidance both to the past and to the future. It incorporates the crucial political and social aspects of an issue that has too often been tackled from a decontextualized economic perspective. So it brings out the institutional mediations that help explain why change and reform has proved at best sluggish and incremental. This is not just an authoritative new contribution to Brazilian studies, but also a much needed spur to wider reanalysis of the challenges confronting many "emerging" market policymakers." - Laurence Whitehead, Senior Research Fellow, Nuffield College, Oxford, UK"Given the renewed emphasis in Brazil on investment in infrastructure, this book, an analysis of the Port Modernization Law of 1993, is very timely. It should appeal not just to specialists in infrastructure and ports, but to anyone interested in business-state relations and state formation in the Global South. Written by one of the most astute contemporary observers of Brazilian political economy, the book helps us to understand why the reform of state institutions in Brazil is so often slow and incremental." - Anthony Pereira, Director, Brazil Institute, King's College London

• IntroductionPart 1: Business Lobbying in Brazil: Theoretical and Empirical AspectsChapter 1: The Context: The Challenge of Boosting Competitiveness Chapter 2: The Story: Institutions, Actors and Port Reform LegislationChapter 3: The Theory: Institutional Change and Business LobbyingPart 2 : Port Reform in Brazil: Policy Formulation and ImplementationChapter 4: Full Steam Ahead - Spurs to Port Reform Legislation Chapter 5: A Perilous Journey - Institutions and Actors as Obstacles to ReformChapter 6: The Voyage So Far - Transport Logistics and Brazil Cost Part 3: Institutional Modernisation in Brazil: Analysis and Conclusions Chapter 7: Business Collective Action: From Corporatism to Policy NetworksChapter 8: Institutional Reform: Change via Sedimentation not Metamorphosis Appendix: List of Interviewees