Tim Soens is Professor of Medieval and Environmental History at the University of Antwerp, Belgium.Dieter Schott is Professor for Modern History at the Technical University of Darmstadt, Germany.Michael Toyka-Seid is research associate at the Technical University of Darmstadt, Germany.Bert De Munck is professor at the History Department of the University of Antwerp, Belgium.

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• Part I: Introduction Introduction: Did Cities Change Nature? A Long-Term Perspective Part II: Nature into Urban Hinterlands 1. Long-Term Transitions, Urban Imprint and the Construction of Hinterlands 2. Concepts of Urban Agency and the Transformation of Urban Hinterlands: The Case of Berlin, Eighteenth to Twentieth Centuries 3. A Place in Its Own Right: The Rural-Urban Fringe of Helsinki from the Early Nineteenth Century to the Present Part III: Nature as Urban Resource 4. Urbanizing Water: Looking Beyond the Transition to Water Modernity in the Cities of the Southern Low Countries, Thirteenth to Nineteenth Centuries 5. Cities Hiding the Forests: Wood Supply, Hinterlands and Urban Agency in the Southern Low Countries, Thirteenth to Eighteenth Centuries 6. Energizing European Cities: From Wood Provision to Solar Panels – Providing Energy for Urban Demand, 1800-2000 7. Re-Use and Recycling in Western European Cities Part IV: Nature as Urban Challenge 8. Hydraulic Experts and the Challenges of Water in Early Modern Times: European Colonial Cities Compared 9. Stockholm’s Changing Waterscape: A Long-term Perspective on a City and Its Flowing Water 10. Air Pollution as Urban Problem in France, from the Mid-Nineteenth Century to the 1970s Part V: Visions of Urban Nature 11. Urban Fringes: Conquering Riversides and Lakeshores in the Nineteenth Century – Examples from Austrian and Swiss Medium-Sized Cities 12. Twentieth Century Wastescapes: Cities, Consumers, and Their Dumping Grounds 13. The Roots of the Sustainable City: The Visible Waters of the City in Modern Mainz and Wiesbaden Part VI: Concluding Essay 14. Beyond Cities, Beyond Nature: Building a European Urban Stratum