Understanding the Humanitarian World

Daniel Maxwell is the Henry J. Leir Professor in Food Security at the Feinstein International Center and the Friedman School of Nutrition Science and Policy, at Tufts University. He teaches humanitarian action, humanitarian policy, and food security in crisis situations. His recent research is on the re-emergence of famines in the 21st century, as well as food security in crises and livelihood systems under stress. He is the author, with Nisar Majid, of Famine in Somalia: Competing Imperatives, Collective Failures (2016). Prior to joining the faculty at Tufts in 2016, he was the Deputy Director for Eastern and Central Africa for CARE International, and spent twenty years working in Eastern, Central and West Africa. He holds a B.Sc. from Wilmington College, a Master’s degree from Cornell University, and a Ph.D. from the University of Wisconsin.Kirsten Heidi Gelsdorf is a Professor of Practice and the Director of Global Humanitarian Policy at the Frank Batten School of Leadership and Public Policy, at the University of Virginia (UVA). She teaches global humanitarian crisis response and humanitarian policy development. Her recent research focuses on effectiveness, advocacy, and innovation in the humanitarian sector. She has worked for over 20 years in the humanitarian sector most recently serving as the Chief of Policy Analysis and Innovation at the United Nations Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs. Her career includes serving on responses to major emergencies including the Ethiopian Famine, the Liberian War, the Tsunami in Indonesia, Hurricane Katrina, the Pakistan earthquake and the Haiti earthquake. She holds a Bachelor degree from Dartmouth College, and Master’s degree from the Fletcher School of Law and Diplomacy at Tufts University.

"Understanding the Humanitarian World is an informed and intelligent analysis of the complexities of humanitarian action today. Dan and Kirsten have done an excellent job in providing a resource that is equally valuable for students who aspire to humanitarian careers, whether academic or operational, as well as for experienced practitioners and policy makers who work at the sharp end of humanitarian response." - Sara Pantuliano, Overseas Development Institute, UK."Since Dan Maxwell and I published ‘Shaping the Humanitarian World’ the humanitarian world has gotten a whole lot closer, as the end point of unsustainable development floods cities, forces communities to migrate, renders farmland barren and replaces coexistence with conflict. Understanding these crises, and how to respond to them to reset development in a more sustainable direction, is now a vital part of mainstream politics and economics. Whether you are teaching, learning or practicing, ‘Understanding the Humanitarian World’, is the go to text to move from compassion to effective action." - Peter Walker, Falk School of Sustainability and Environment, Chatham University, USA."Conflict and disaster, and the wish to assist the vulnerable, have been part of human history for as long as it has been recorded. But only over the last few generations have we seen the development of dedicated mechanisms for assisting and protecting people in need. Today, a large and complex ‘global humanitarian response system’ with local, national, and international actors attempts to help tens of millions engulfed in wars and catastrophes. Understanding how this frontline of and for humanity works, succeeds, and fails is the core focus of this book.With their impressive background as experts, academics and practitioners, Daniel Maxwell and Kirsten Gelsdorf are uniquely qualified to highlight the origins, growth, and challenges to contemporary humanitarian action. They outline the historical roots of the system, outline the main actors and explore how humanitarian work succeed and fails under the extreme circumstances where it takes place. Interrogating the reasons why humanitarian operations, as well as actions undertaken in its name, remain the subject of so much controversy, they describe how humanitarian work is undertaken today and the ways it may develop in the future.This book is therefore a much needed introductory text on how and why the United Nations agencies, the Red Cross and Red Crescent movement and hundreds of international and national non-governmental organisations do what they do in times of crisis and conflict. It will be essential reading for students and practitioners and others with an interest in humanitarian action, international humanitarian and human rights law, disaster management and international relations." - Jan Egeland, Secretary General Norwegian Refugee Councel and former United Nations Emergency Coordinator and Under-Secretary General for Humanitarian Affairs

• Introduction 1. The origins of contemporary humanitarian action: From the early beginnings to World War II 2. Humanitarian action in the Cold War and its aftermath 3. Humanitarian action in the twenty-first century 4. Contemporary humanitarian actors 5. Contemporary humanitarian architecture and action 6. Changes in policy and practice 7. Unresolved (and unresolvable?): Understanding the humanitarian world in the twenty-first century