Hanes Walton, Jr. (1941–2013), Professor of Political Science, University of Michigan, was an architect of the modern study of African American politics. Over four decades of prodigious research (including 25 books) and conceptual refinement he helped to make the subfield of Black politics an important area of study in political science. His last book was The African American Electorate: A Statistical Portrait.Robert C. Smith, Professor of Political Science Emeritus, San Francisco State University, is the author of multiple books and articles and of the Encyclopedia of African American Politics. His most recent books are Conservatism and Racism, and Why in America They Are the Same and John F. Kennedy, Barack Obama, and the Politics of Ethnic Incorporation and Avoidance, as well as the forthcoming From the Bayou to the Bay: The Autobiography of a Black Liberation Scholar and Power, Philosophy and Egalitarianism: Women, the Family and African Americans.Sherri L. Wallace, Professor of Political Science, University of Louisville, has received awards for excellence in teaching and instructional design and has published articles on college textbook diversity, women of color in academe, race and politics, and community economic development.

"In the ninth edition of American Politics and the African American Quest for Universal Freedom, Professors Robert C. Smith and Sherri L. Wallace have updated the best African American politics book in the nation. This volume contains a wealth of information about the continuing quest of African American candidates and voters for economic and political power. By writing such a fine book, the authors have continued to further the legacy of the 'Dean of Black Politics'—the late Professor Hanes Walton, Jr."Sharon D. Wright Austin, Professor of Political Science, The University of Florida"Characterizing it as an undergraduate textbook undersells what American Politics and the African American Quest for Universal Freedom truly is. The authors demonstrate in painstaking detail that U.S. politics doesn’t make sense without explicitly considering race. Appreciating freedom means coming to grips with the reality that so many were initially denied it and died fighting for it. The nation progresses—often begrudgingly—towards its ideal of Democracy because of these Freedom Struggles. Such efforts, while central to Black politics, have improved the conditions of every American."Ray Block, Jr., Associate Professor, Department of African American Studies, The Pennsylvania State University"The ninth edition of American Politics and the African American Quest for Universal Freedom provides timely updates to this seminal introductory Black Politics textbook. The authors expand on their critical assessments of social movements and presidential politics to explore the recent expansion of the BLM (Black Lives Matter) movement, as well as policies of the Trump administration leading up to the 2020 presidential election."Diarra O. Robertson, Associate Professor of Government, Bowie State University"American Politics and the African American Quest for Universal Freedom is the most comprehensive book on African American politics in the political science discipline. It situates White supremacy and institutional racism as central to American exceptionalism and illustrates how African Americans have contested the boundaries of the U.S. constitutional process and political institutions. The book further provides a layered portrait—from the perspective of African American lawmakers, leaders, activists, policymakers, and opinion leaders—of the U.S. political culture, federalism, media and politics, and foreign policy."Sekou Franklin, Associate Professor, Middle Tennessee State University"Without question, American Politics and the African American Quest for Universal Freedom is the premier textbook in the field of Black Politics. The ninth edition shines in multiple ways. It provides readers with a firm grounding in how today’s struggles against racial inequality—from socioeconomic exclusion, health disparities, police- and state-sanctioned antiblack violence, limited political empowerment, and inequities in wealth accumulation—are rooted squarely in America’s failure to reconcile its exclusionary practices with its inclusionary ideals. The updated chapters on black representation in Congress, on the nationwide protests denouncing police brutality, and on the post-Obama electoral landscape are invaluable in that regard. Although the chapters showcase the continuity of black agitation for equality, the chapters also highlight the ways in which multiracial coalitions can achieve long-lasting equality through structural reforms and attitudinal changes."Tyson King-Meadows, Associate Professor of Political Science, University of Maryland Baltimore County"The ninth edition of American Politics and the African American Quest for Universal Freedom is the most definitive account of African American Politics that exists in the field. It should be required reading for anyone interested in understanding the gap between the promise and the practice of American democracy. The authors provide an indictment of the tenuous path toward freedom, while asserting the agency and commitment of those challenging exclusion. The treatment of longstanding patterns with more contemporary developments—such as the coronavirus pandemic—is rich, nuanced, instructive, and powerful. Smith and Wallace help provide a greater understanding of American Politics by centering the importance of African American Politics."Khalilah L. Brown-Dean, Associate Professor of Political Science, Quinnipiac University"In a strikingly straight-forward fashion, this timely and updated ninth edition of American Politics and the African American Quest for Universal Freedom provides cutting-edge and comprehensive coverage along with detailed analysis of the institutions and processes of government and politics in the United States from the vantage point of America’s Black citizens. The focus and nature of African American political participation is a centerpiece of this textbook, which is now the gold standard for the study of African American politics. It boldly delves into the unvarnished reality of the African American political experience thus yielding an essential work for serious students, policymakers, and practitioners. In today’s climate of protest and participation this now classic work rises to the occasion with the provision of historical precision, clarity, and consequential guidance in regard to the American polity and the global context within which African American politics operates."Michael Clemons, Professor, Political Science and African American Studies, Old Dominion University"As the Black political experience in the United States continues to expand and evolve, this new ninth edition has powerfully embraced the expansive diversity of Black Americans. With new content on the political influence of Black music, intersectional and intergenerational protests, the politics of Black hair, and COVID-19, the newest edition shines as a contemporary and lively engagement on the continued quest for Black liberation. The 9th edition highlights how the presidency of Donald Trump, the misinformation cyber targeting of Black voters by foreign actors, the racialized rhetoric and racist attitudes of the Trump administration has protracted Black progress all while Black Americans and allies worldwide coalesced around police brutality. This edition features new tools to assist instructors and engage with the text online. Walton, Smith, and Wallace have one again delivered a juggernaut in the teaching and learning scholarship of Black politics."Ravi K. Perry, Howard University

• Part 1: Foundations 1. Universal Freedom Declared, Universal Freedom Denied: Racism, Slavery, and the Ideology of White Supremacy in the Founding of the Republic 2. Federalism and the Limits of Universal Freedom Part 2: Political Behaviorism 3. Political Culture and Socialization 4. Public Opinion 5. African Americans and the Media Part 3: Coalitions, Movements, Interest Groups, Parties, and Elections 6. Social Movements and a Theory of African American Coalition Politics 7. Interest Groups 8. Political Parties 9. Voting Behavior and Elections Part 4: Institutions 10. The Congress and the African American Quest for Universal Freedom 11. The Presidency, Bureaucracy, and the African American Quest for Universal Freedom 12. The Supreme Court and the African American Quest for Universal Freedom 13. State and Local Politics and the African American Quest for Universal Freedom Part 5: Public Policy 14. Domestic Policy and the African American Quest for Social and Economic Justice 15. The African American Quest for Universal Freedom and U.S. Foreign Policy

Hanes Walton, Jr. (1941–2013), Professor of Political Science, University of Michigan, was an architect of the modern study of African American politics. Over four decades of prodigious research (including 25 books) and conceptual refinement he helped to make the subfield of Black politics an important area of study in political science. His last book was The African American Electorate: A Statistical Portrait.Robert C. Smith, Professor of Political Science Emeritus, San Francisco State University, is the author of multiple books and articles and of the Encyclopedia of African American Politics. His most recent books are Conservatism and Racism, and Why in America They Are the Same and John F. Kennedy, Barack Obama, and the Politics of Ethnic Incorporation and Avoidance, as well as the forthcoming From the Bayou to the Bay: The Autobiography of a Black Liberation Scholar and Power, Philosophy and Egalitarianism: Women, the Family and African Americans.Sherri L. Wallace, Professor of Political Science, University of Louisville, has received awards for excellence in teaching and instructional design and has published articles on college textbook diversity, women of color in academe, race and politics, and community economic development.

"In the ninth edition of American Politics and the African American Quest for Universal Freedom, Professors Robert C. Smith and Sherri L. Wallace have updated the best African American politics book in the nation. This volume contains a wealth of information about the continuing quest of African American candidates and voters for economic and political power. By writing such a fine book, the authors have continued to further the legacy of the 'Dean of Black Politics'—the late Professor Hanes Walton, Jr."Sharon D. Wright Austin, Professor of Political Science, The University of Florida"Characterizing it as an undergraduate textbook undersells what American Politics and the African American Quest for Universal Freedom truly is. The authors demonstrate in painstaking detail that U.S. politics doesn’t make sense without explicitly considering race. Appreciating freedom means coming to grips with the reality that so many were initially denied it and died fighting for it. The nation progresses—often begrudgingly—towards its ideal of Democracy because of these Freedom Struggles. Such efforts, while central to Black politics, have improved the conditions of every American."Ray Block, Jr., Associate Professor, Department of African American Studies, The Pennsylvania State University"The ninth edition of American Politics and the African American Quest for Universal Freedom provides timely updates to this seminal introductory Black Politics textbook. The authors expand on their critical assessments of social movements and presidential politics to explore the recent expansion of the BLM (Black Lives Matter) movement, as well as policies of the Trump administration leading up to the 2020 presidential election."Diarra O. Robertson, Associate Professor of Government, Bowie State University"American Politics and the African American Quest for Universal Freedom is the most comprehensive book on African American politics in the political science discipline. It situates White supremacy and institutional racism as central to American exceptionalism and illustrates how African Americans have contested the boundaries of the U.S. constitutional process and political institutions. The book further provides a layered portrait—from the perspective of African American lawmakers, leaders, activists, policymakers, and opinion leaders—of the U.S. political culture, federalism, media and politics, and foreign policy."Sekou Franklin, Associate Professor, Middle Tennessee State University"Without question, American Politics and the African American Quest for Universal Freedom is the premier textbook in the field of Black Politics. The ninth edition shines in multiple ways. It provides readers with a firm grounding in how today’s struggles against racial inequality—from socioeconomic exclusion, health disparities, police- and state-sanctioned antiblack violence, limited political empowerment, and inequities in wealth accumulation—are rooted squarely in America’s failure to reconcile its exclusionary practices with its inclusionary ideals. The updated chapters on black representation in Congress, on the nationwide protests denouncing police brutality, and on the post-Obama electoral landscape are invaluable in that regard. Although the chapters showcase the continuity of black agitation for equality, the chapters also highlight the ways in which multiracial coalitions can achieve long-lasting equality through structural reforms and attitudinal changes."Tyson King-Meadows, Associate Professor of Political Science, University of Maryland Baltimore County"The ninth edition of American Politics and the African American Quest for Universal Freedom is the most definitive account of African American Politics that exists in the field. It should be required reading for anyone interested in understanding the gap between the promise and the practice of American democracy. The authors provide an indictment of the tenuous path toward freedom, while asserting the agency and commitment of those challenging exclusion. The treatment of longstanding patterns with more contemporary developments—such as the coronavirus pandemic—is rich, nuanced, instructive, and powerful. Smith and Wallace help provide a greater understanding of American Politics by centering the importance of African American Politics."Khalilah L. Brown-Dean, Associate Professor of Political Science, Quinnipiac University"In a strikingly straight-forward fashion, this timely and updated ninth edition of American Politics and the African American Quest for Universal Freedom provides cutting-edge and comprehensive coverage along with detailed analysis of the institutions and processes of government and politics in the United States from the vantage point of America’s Black citizens. The focus and nature of African American political participation is a centerpiece of this textbook, which is now the gold standard for the study of African American politics. It boldly delves into the unvarnished reality of the African American political experience thus yielding an essential work for serious students, policymakers, and practitioners. In today’s climate of protest and participation this now classic work rises to the occasion with the provision of historical precision, clarity, and consequential guidance in regard to the American polity and the global context within which African American politics operates."Michael Clemons, Professor, Political Science and African American Studies, Old Dominion University"As the Black political experience in the United States continues to expand and evolve, this new ninth edition has powerfully embraced the expansive diversity of Black Americans. With new content on the political influence of Black music, intersectional and intergenerational protests, the politics of Black hair, and COVID-19, the newest edition shines as a contemporary and lively engagement on the continued quest for Black liberation. The 9th edition highlights how the presidency of Donald Trump, the misinformation cyber targeting of Black voters by foreign actors, the racialized rhetoric and racist attitudes of the Trump administration has protracted Black progress all while Black Americans and allies worldwide coalesced around police brutality. This edition features new tools to assist instructors and engage with the text online. Walton, Smith, and Wallace have one again delivered a juggernaut in the teaching and learning scholarship of Black politics."Ravi K. Perry, Howard University

• Part 1: Foundations 1. Universal Freedom Declared, Universal Freedom Denied: Racism, Slavery, and the Ideology of White Supremacy in the Founding of the Republic 2. Federalism and the Limits of Universal Freedom Part 2: Political Behaviorism 3. Political Culture and Socialization 4. Public Opinion 5. African Americans and the Media Part 3: Coalitions, Movements, Interest Groups, Parties, and Elections 6. Social Movements and a Theory of African American Coalition Politics 7. Interest Groups 8. Political Parties 9. Voting Behavior and Elections Part 4: Institutions 10. The Congress and the African American Quest for Universal Freedom 11. The Presidency, Bureaucracy, and the African American Quest for Universal Freedom 12. The Supreme Court and the African American Quest for Universal Freedom 13. State and Local Politics and the African American Quest for Universal Freedom Part 5: Public Policy 14. Domestic Policy and the African American Quest for Social and Economic Justice 15. The African American Quest for Universal Freedom and U.S. Foreign Policy

Hanes Walton, Jr. (1941–2013), Professor of Political Science, University of Michigan, was an architect of the modern study of African American politics. Over four decades of prodigious research (including 25 books) and conceptual refinement he helped to make the subfield of Black politics an important area of study in political science. His last book was The African American Electorate: A Statistical Portrait.Robert C. Smith, Professor of Political Science Emeritus, San Francisco State University, is the author of multiple books and articles and of the Encyclopedia of African American Politics. His most recent books are Conservatism and Racism, and Why in America They Are the Same and John F. Kennedy, Barack Obama, and the Politics of Ethnic Incorporation and Avoidance, as well as the forthcoming From the Bayou to the Bay: The Autobiography of a Black Liberation Scholar and Power, Philosophy and Egalitarianism: Women, the Family and African Americans.Sherri L. Wallace, Professor of Political Science, University of Louisville, has received awards for excellence in teaching and instructional design and has published articles on college textbook diversity, women of color in academe, race and politics, and community economic development.

"In the ninth edition of American Politics and the African American Quest for Universal Freedom, Professors Robert C. Smith and Sherri L. Wallace have updated the best African American politics book in the nation. This volume contains a wealth of information about the continuing quest of African American candidates and voters for economic and political power. By writing such a fine book, the authors have continued to further the legacy of the 'Dean of Black Politics'—the late Professor Hanes Walton, Jr."Sharon D. Wright Austin, Professor of Political Science, The University of Florida"Characterizing it as an undergraduate textbook undersells what American Politics and the African American Quest for Universal Freedom truly is. The authors demonstrate in painstaking detail that U.S. politics doesn’t make sense without explicitly considering race. Appreciating freedom means coming to grips with the reality that so many were initially denied it and died fighting for it. The nation progresses—often begrudgingly—towards its ideal of Democracy because of these Freedom Struggles. Such efforts, while central to Black politics, have improved the conditions of every American."Ray Block, Jr., Associate Professor, Department of African American Studies, The Pennsylvania State University"The ninth edition of American Politics and the African American Quest for Universal Freedom provides timely updates to this seminal introductory Black Politics textbook. The authors expand on their critical assessments of social movements and presidential politics to explore the recent expansion of the BLM (Black Lives Matter) movement, as well as policies of the Trump administration leading up to the 2020 presidential election."Diarra O. Robertson, Associate Professor of Government, Bowie State University"American Politics and the African American Quest for Universal Freedom is the most comprehensive book on African American politics in the political science discipline. It situates White supremacy and institutional racism as central to American exceptionalism and illustrates how African Americans have contested the boundaries of the U.S. constitutional process and political institutions. The book further provides a layered portrait—from the perspective of African American lawmakers, leaders, activists, policymakers, and opinion leaders—of the U.S. political culture, federalism, media and politics, and foreign policy."Sekou Franklin, Associate Professor, Middle Tennessee State University"Without question, American Politics and the African American Quest for Universal Freedom is the premier textbook in the field of Black Politics. The ninth edition shines in multiple ways. It provides readers with a firm grounding in how today’s struggles against racial inequality—from socioeconomic exclusion, health disparities, police- and state-sanctioned antiblack violence, limited political empowerment, and inequities in wealth accumulation—are rooted squarely in America’s failure to reconcile its exclusionary practices with its inclusionary ideals. The updated chapters on black representation in Congress, on the nationwide protests denouncing police brutality, and on the post-Obama electoral landscape are invaluable in that regard. Although the chapters showcase the continuity of black agitation for equality, the chapters also highlight the ways in which multiracial coalitions can achieve long-lasting equality through structural reforms and attitudinal changes."Tyson King-Meadows, Associate Professor of Political Science, University of Maryland Baltimore County"The ninth edition of American Politics and the African American Quest for Universal Freedom is the most definitive account of African American Politics that exists in the field. It should be required reading for anyone interested in understanding the gap between the promise and the practice of American democracy. The authors provide an indictment of the tenuous path toward freedom, while asserting the agency and commitment of those challenging exclusion. The treatment of longstanding patterns with more contemporary developments—such as the coronavirus pandemic—is rich, nuanced, instructive, and powerful. Smith and Wallace help provide a greater understanding of American Politics by centering the importance of African American Politics."Khalilah L. Brown-Dean, Associate Professor of Political Science, Quinnipiac University"In a strikingly straight-forward fashion, this timely and updated ninth edition of American Politics and the African American Quest for Universal Freedom provides cutting-edge and comprehensive coverage along with detailed analysis of the institutions and processes of government and politics in the United States from the vantage point of America’s Black citizens. The focus and nature of African American political participation is a centerpiece of this textbook, which is now the gold standard for the study of African American politics. It boldly delves into the unvarnished reality of the African American political experience thus yielding an essential work for serious students, policymakers, and practitioners. In today’s climate of protest and participation this now classic work rises to the occasion with the provision of historical precision, clarity, and consequential guidance in regard to the American polity and the global context within which African American politics operates."Michael Clemons, Professor, Political Science and African American Studies, Old Dominion University"As the Black political experience in the United States continues to expand and evolve, this new ninth edition has powerfully embraced the expansive diversity of Black Americans. With new content on the political influence of Black music, intersectional and intergenerational protests, the politics of Black hair, and COVID-19, the newest edition shines as a contemporary and lively engagement on the continued quest for Black liberation. The 9th edition highlights how the presidency of Donald Trump, the misinformation cyber targeting of Black voters by foreign actors, the racialized rhetoric and racist attitudes of the Trump administration has protracted Black progress all while Black Americans and allies worldwide coalesced around police brutality. This edition features new tools to assist instructors and engage with the text online. Walton, Smith, and Wallace have one again delivered a juggernaut in the teaching and learning scholarship of Black politics."Ravi K. Perry, Howard University

• Part 1: Foundations 1. Universal Freedom Declared, Universal Freedom Denied: Racism, Slavery, and the Ideology of White Supremacy in the Founding of the Republic 2. Federalism and the Limits of Universal Freedom Part 2: Political Behaviorism 3. Political Culture and Socialization 4. Public Opinion 5. African Americans and the Media Part 3: Coalitions, Movements, Interest Groups, Parties, and Elections 6. Social Movements and a Theory of African American Coalition Politics 7. Interest Groups 8. Political Parties 9. Voting Behavior and Elections Part 4: Institutions 10. The Congress and the African American Quest for Universal Freedom 11. The Presidency, Bureaucracy, and the African American Quest for Universal Freedom 12. The Supreme Court and the African American Quest for Universal Freedom 13. State and Local Politics and the African American Quest for Universal Freedom Part 5: Public Policy 14. Domestic Policy and the African American Quest for Social and Economic Justice 15. The African American Quest for Universal Freedom and U.S. Foreign Policy