Chemistry and Mechanism of Art Materials

Michael Malin received a BS from City College of New York and a Ph.D. from Rutgers (Biochemistry). This was followed by postdoctorals at Rutgers (Organic) and then Brandeis (Bio-organic). He taught chemistry at Western Connecticut State College/University (16 years) and at Sarah Lawrence College (2 years). He covered courses in general, organic and biochemistry. At SLC, he taught a course in the chemistry of art materials, and this book came out of that experience. When not teaching, he was employed by Technicon Instruments Corporation/Bayer Diagnostics for 23 years. His role was generally to solve stability problems related to both liquid reagent formulations and machine parts in the development of automated blood analyzers. The scope of these problems varied widely; from the instability of a photo-polymerizable acrylic adhesive to the erosion of alumina shear valves. When he left industry, he resumed thinking about art materials, and found common chemical/mechanistic themes relating to stability problems. Eventually, this book was the result. His hobbies include: international travel, playing double bass in jazz groups, salsa dancing and cycling.

• Chapter 1 Essential ConceptsChemical Bonding, Solubility, Properties of Solids,Hard and Soft Acids and BasesOxidation-ReductionChemical Reaction MechanismsExperimental Methods Used to Characterize Works of ArtChapter 2 Preparation of Inorganic PigmentsIntroductionBlack PigmentsAntimony BlackCarbon BlacksCobalt BlackIron Oxide, MagnetiteManganese BlackBlue PigmentsAzuriteCerulean BlueEgyptian BluePrussian BlueSmaltUltramarineVerdigrisBrown PigmentsIron (III) Oxide PigmentsLead DioxideGreen PigmentsChromium OxideHydrated Chromium Oxide, ViridianMalachite, see AzuriteParis GreenVerdigrisRed Pigmentsα-Cinnabar and VermilionRed LeadIron (III) Oxide, Hematiteα-Realgar, see OrpimentViolet PigmentsPigment Violet 14White PigmentsAntimony WhiteBarium WhiteLithoponeTitanium WhiteWhite LeadZinc WhiteZinc SulfideYellow PigmentsBismuth VanadateCadmium PigmentsCobalt YellowIron (III) OxideLead ChromateLead Tin Yellow type ILead Tin Yellow type IILead Monoxide, Litharge and MassicotLead Tin Antimonate, Naples YellowOrpimentTitanium YellowChapter 3 Silica, Silicates and AluminosilicatesIntroductionSilicaSilicatesPigment-Silicate InteractionsPottery GlazesAluminosilicatesChapter 4 Discoloration StoriesIntroductionSmaltRed LeadRealgarCinnabarHematiteChrome YellowSilverpointCadmium YellowBlackening of Pigments by H2SUltramarineAzurite and MalachiteMedieval PigmentsChapter 5 Toxicology of Art MaterialsIntroductionOrganicsMethylene ChlorideCarbon TetrachlorideTrichloroethylenen-HexaneN-MethylpyrrolidoneDiisocyanatesAlcohols, Glycols and Glycol EthersMineral SpiritsInorganicsLeadZinc, Cadmium and Mercury Familial PropertiesCadmiumMercurySilverArsenicChromiumChapter 6 Ageing of Oil PaintOxidative Degradation of Oil BinderMetal Soap formationChapter 7 Ageing of Wall PaintingsSecco and Fresco methodsReversal of SulfationDeposition of Water Soluble SaltsDegradation of Oil Binder