John W. Livingston is Associate Professor of History at the William Paterson University of New Jersey, USA.

’This book surpasses almost every other book that deals with science in Islamic civilization, because it does not stop the narrative with the classical presumed golden age of that civilization, but encompasses the whole range of scientific activities from the very beginning until our own time. It is comprehensive, and far more interested in the cultural, social, economic, and political details than other books of its genre.’ George Saliba, Columbia University, USA

• Part I Copernicus, Darwin and Islamic intellectual reform in Muslim societies during the last half of the 19th century1 The Ottomans: Absolutist state reformers versus Young Ottoman constitutionalists2 Post Muhammad Ali reform: Khedive Ismail and Ali Mubarak’s Dar al-Ulum and Rawdat al-Madaris3 Beirut: the American College and the popularization of science4 Muqtataf, Rawdat al-Madaris and the Fikri treatise on a moving earth5 Darwin between Muqtataf and the American evangelists6 From Copernicus to Darwin7 Shibli Shumayyil’s Darwin: a theory for everything progressive8 Scientific Interpretation: Shaykh Husayn al-Jisr and Darwin9 Darwin between Sayyid Ahmad Khan’s Natcheriyya and Jamal al-Din al-Afghani’s refutation10 Muhammad Abduh11 Abduh’s legacyPart II Science, society and government in the modern Muslim world12 Overview of the 20th century13 Darwin at the center of debate14 Inverse appropriation: science by Quran15 Scientific Interpretation16 Scientific Interpretation and evolution17 The place of Al-Azhar and the ulema18 Science and the contemporary stateEpilogueIndex

John W. Livingston is Associate Professor of History at the William Paterson University of New Jersey, USA.

’This book surpasses almost every other book that deals with science in Islamic civilization, because it does not stop the narrative with the classical presumed golden age of that civilization, but encompasses the whole range of scientific activities from the very beginning until our own time. It is comprehensive, and far more interested in the cultural, social, economic, and political details than other books of its genre.’ George Saliba, Columbia University, USA

• Part I Copernicus, Darwin and Islamic intellectual reform in Muslim societies during the last half of the 19th century1 The Ottomans: Absolutist state reformers versus Young Ottoman constitutionalists2 Post Muhammad Ali reform: Khedive Ismail and Ali Mubarak’s Dar al-Ulum and Rawdat al-Madaris3 Beirut: the American College and the popularization of science4 Muqtataf, Rawdat al-Madaris and the Fikri treatise on a moving earth5 Darwin between Muqtataf and the American evangelists6 From Copernicus to Darwin7 Shibli Shumayyil’s Darwin: a theory for everything progressive8 Scientific Interpretation: Shaykh Husayn al-Jisr and Darwin9 Darwin between Sayyid Ahmad Khan’s Natcheriyya and Jamal al-Din al-Afghani’s refutation10 Muhammad Abduh11 Abduh’s legacyPart II Science, society and government in the modern Muslim world12 Overview of the 20th century13 Darwin at the center of debate14 Inverse appropriation: science by Quran15 Scientific Interpretation16 Scientific Interpretation and evolution17 The place of Al-Azhar and the ulema18 Science and the contemporary stateEpilogueIndex

John W. Livingston is Associate Professor of History at the William Paterson University of New Jersey, USA.

’This book surpasses almost every other book that deals with science in Islamic civilization, because it does not stop the narrative with the classical presumed golden age of that civilization, but encompasses the whole range of scientific activities from the very beginning until our own time. It is comprehensive, and far more interested in the cultural, social, economic, and political details than other books of its genre.’ George Saliba, Columbia University, USA

• Part I Copernicus, Darwin and Islamic intellectual reform in Muslim societies during the last half of the 19th century1 The Ottomans: Absolutist state reformers versus Young Ottoman constitutionalists2 Post Muhammad Ali reform: Khedive Ismail and Ali Mubarak’s Dar al-Ulum and Rawdat al-Madaris3 Beirut: the American College and the popularization of science4 Muqtataf, Rawdat al-Madaris and the Fikri treatise on a moving earth5 Darwin between Muqtataf and the American evangelists6 From Copernicus to Darwin7 Shibli Shumayyil’s Darwin: a theory for everything progressive8 Scientific Interpretation: Shaykh Husayn al-Jisr and Darwin9 Darwin between Sayyid Ahmad Khan’s Natcheriyya and Jamal al-Din al-Afghani’s refutation10 Muhammad Abduh11 Abduh’s legacyPart II Science, society and government in the modern Muslim world12 Overview of the 20th century13 Darwin at the center of debate14 Inverse appropriation: science by Quran15 Scientific Interpretation16 Scientific Interpretation and evolution17 The place of Al-Azhar and the ulema18 Science and the contemporary stateEpilogueIndex